相对湿度对空调环境至适温度影响的研究

本文研究空调室内相同温度（夏季：２４℃，２８℃：冬季：１９℃；２２℃）条件下相对湿度（分别为３０～７０％；８５～９５％）对至适温度的影响。以健康成年人为研究对象，以体温、皮温、皮温差、温热感和舒适感为观察指标。结果表明：空调室内气温相同时，皮温差、温热感、舒适感均随气湿不同而出现差异。夏季空调温度为２８℃、气湿为８５～９５％时，皮温差（２．１℃）已超出生理至适范围，温热感（１２．５％）和舒适感（０％）也随湿度增高而下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提出在制订空调至适温度卫生标准时，应考虑空气湿度对至适温度的影响。     

苹果常温保鲜技术

采用AF型气氛保鲜纸对苹果进行常温保鲜效果试验,并与其他保鲜方法进行了对比试验.该法具有简单易行、投资少、见效快等特点,可用于苹果常温贮藏保鲜.结果表明,用AF型气氛保鲜纸包裹苹果,可使苹果在常温下贮藏保鲜期稳定在140 d以上,失重率降低66.9%,皱皮率降低90.6%,腐烂率降低87.3%,硬度和可溶性固形物含量基本不变.     

N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺共聚物及其水凝胶的合成及其温敏性研究

通过自由基聚合合成了N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAm)与N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NHMPA)的共聚物及其水凝胶。研究发现，调节两单体的配比可得到不同的低临界溶液温度(LCST)值的共聚物及水凝胶。结果表明，NHMPA的加入不改变PNIPAm的温敏性，但可有效的调节其LCST值。     

常温与低温体外循环心脏直视手术对细胞因子及补体的影响

目的探讨常温及低温体外循环心脏直视手术对细胞因子及补体的影响。方法选择先天性和风湿性心脏病患者40例,随机分为常温组及低温组各20例,分别于术晨、体外循环结束时及术后1、4、7、14 d抽取患者静脉血标本,测定血浆TNF、IL-2、C3、C4值。结果两组术前各项检查指标无显著差异。(1)两组术后1~4 d的IL-2水平较术前显著下降,至术后7 d恢复正常。体外循环结束至术后4 d,低温组IL-2显著低于常温组。(2)体外循环结束时以及术后1、4、7 d,常温组TNF水平显著低于低温组。两组体外循环结束时及术后1、4 d均高于术前,常温组至术后7 d、低温组术后14 d恢复正常。(3)体外循环结束时及术后1、7 d,常温组C3水平高于低温组,术后4 d两组无差别;常温组及低温组于体外循环结束时、术后1、4 d均低于术前,至术后7 d常温组恢复正常,低温组至术后14 d恢复至术前水平。(4)两组体外循环结束时及术后1、4 d C4水平均低于术前。体外循环结束时、术后1 d,常温组C4水平高于低温组。结论常温体外循环心脏直视手术对细胞因子及补体的影响显著轻于低温组,因而对术后机体的恢复优于低温方法。     

3种常用低温灭菌方法研究现状

阐述了环氧乙烷低温灭菌法、低温蒸汽甲醛灭菌法、过氧化氢等离子体灭菌法的灭菌机制、主要特点及应用范围。     

高温流化α-化在酿酒用大米预处理中的应用

作者研究了高温流化α-化工艺中大米淀粉晶粒、水分、绝干淀粉含量、糊化率、脂肪含量、总氮和可降解氮的变化。研究表明：高温流化α-化后淀粉晶粒消失，成松散片状，比表面积增大，有利于酶的作用；水分含量低于10％，可有效防止淀粉老化和微生物污染；高温流化处理后淀粉糊化率与蒸饭法持平，而脂肪与可降解氮含量均明显下降，为酿造淡爽型酿造酒和提高酿造酒非生物性稳定性创造了机会。该工艺尤其适合在我国以糙米为原料的酿造酒生产中推广应用。     

Effect of Temperature on the Longitudinal Variability of Quantitative Ultrasound Variables

It is unclear whether longitudinal change in phantom measurements bears any relation to the long-term in vivo instrument performance of quantitative ultrasound devices. Longitudinal quantitative ultrasound phantom data were obtained by measuring the manufacturer-provided phantom at ambient temperature and two different sets of Leeds phantoms at either ambient temperature or following a phantom temperature-control protocol. Measurements were performed using the Achilles Plus bone densitometer. Changes in longitudinal phantom data were compared to in vivo quantitative ultrasound data obtained from seven healthy, young volunteers. A cosinor model with linear trend and Hotelling's T2-test were used to quantify seasonal rhythms and long-term drift in quantitative ultrasound variables. Temperature effects and marked seasonal rhythms on quantitative ultrasound phantom measurements were evident but were far less apparent in vivo. Longitudinal precision of quantitative ultrasound variables was poorer for the manufacturer-provided phantom than for phantoms that were subjected to a temperature-control protocol or for healthy volunteers. This study has shown that longitudinal precision and longitudinal change differs between in vivo and phantom data. Longitudinal quantitative ultrasound measurements for monitoring change in skeletal status cannot, as yet, be properly controlled.     

钛接圈在不同烘烤温度下对镍铬合金浇注质量的影响

目的：研究钛接圈在不同烘烤温度下浇注镍铬合金的质量关系。方法：选择临床骨融合种植义齿二期手术后典型病例石膏模型，在基桩上固定纯钛接圈，常规制作桥架蜡型，使桥架接圈周围嵌体蜡厚度为１ｍｍ，常规内、外包埋，放置２４ｈ后，分４组不同温度烘烤，ａ组烘烤升温至６００℃，ｂ组升温至６５０℃，ｃ组升温至７００℃，ｄ组升温至８００℃。每组试件１０个，共４０个试件。用远红外温度测试仪控制合金浇注温度为１３０６℃，自然冷却后，电镜观察。结果：钛接圈烘烤温度６００℃、８００℃时镍铬合金支架断口出现二次断裂及气孔机会多，当６５０℃、７００℃时二次断裂出现机会少。结论：在常规牙科操作中，钛接圈烘烤温度为６５０℃、７００℃时，浇注镍铬合金较好。     

完全随机设计的方差分析中检验效能的估计

在实验设计时应保证一定的检验效能；当统计检验结果是阴性时，应估计其检验效能。本文探讨了完全随机设计的方差分析中检验效能的估计方法。结果表明，检验效能与样本含量的大小及样本均数间的差别有关。同时，用医学实例说明其应用。     

Central tumour necrosis factor-α mediates the early gastrointestinal motor disturbances induced by lipopolysaccharide in sheep

Cytokines are involved in fever and other symptoms of the acute phase response induced by endotoxins. The aim of this work was to study the involvement of central tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the changes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gastrointestinal (GI) motility in sheep. Body temperature and myoelectric activity of the antrum, duodenum and jejunum was recorded continuously. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of LPS (0.1 micro g kg-1)-induced hyperthermia, decreased gastrointestinal myoelectric activity and increased the frequency of the migrating motor complex (MMC). These effects started 40-50 min after LPS and lasted for 6-7 h. TNF-alpha (50 and 100 ng kg-1) mimicked these effects when injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) but not i.v. Pretreatment with soluble recombinant TNF receptor (TNFR:Fc, 10 micro g kg-1, i.c.v.) abolished the TNF-induced actions and reduced those evoked by LPS. Furthermore, the effects induced by either LPS or TNF were suppressed by prior i.c.v. injection of indomethacin (100 micro g kg-1). In contrast, the i.v. injections of TNFR:Fc or indomethacin were ineffective. Our data suggest that LPS disturbs GI motility in sheep through a central pathway that involves TNF-alpha and prostaglandins sequentially.