广西壮族7~12岁小学生不同身体成分与心肺耐力的关联分析

目的 了解广西壮族7~12岁小学生不同身体成分与心肺耐力之间存在的关联,为小学生心肺耐力促进和干预提供参考和借鉴。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,以广西壮族3 877名7~12岁小学生为调查对象,进行身体成分和心肺耐力的测试与评价。结果 广西壮族7~12岁小学生身体成分的体质量指数为（16.85±2.41）kg/m²、腰围（58.06±9.00）cm、体型指数（0.08±0.01）。心肺耐力的20米往返跑次数为（16.21±7.69）laps、最大摄氧量（43.76±2.54）ml/（kg·min）。不同体质量指数小学生心肺耐力的20米往返跑次数、最大摄氧量成绩相比较,差异均有统计学意义（F值为13.124、25.511,P＜0.01）;不同腰围方面相比较,差异也有统计学意义（F值为223.762、216.741,P＜0.01）;不同体型指数方面相比较,差异也有统计学意义（F值为88.285、45.992,P＜0.01）。线性回归分析表明,身体成分的体质量指数（β=-0.072）、腰围（β=-0.075）、体型指数（β=-0.036）均能有效预测小学生的最大摄氧量水平。结论 广西壮族7~12岁小学生身体成分的体质量指数、腰围、体型指数均能有效预测VO2max水平,存在关联。     

Bile Salt–Fatty Acid Mixed Micelles as Nasal Absorption Promoters of Peptides. I. Effects of Ionic Strength,Adjuvant Composition,and Lipid Structure on the Nasal Absorption of [D-Arg2]Kyotorphin

Bile salts and synthetic surfactants have been used to promote nasal absorption of peptide drugs. Although a marked increase in nasal absorption has been achieved, this may not be adequate and the possibility of adjuvant-induced membrane toxicity exists. The present study employs a rat in situ nasal perfusion technique and mixed micelles between sodium glycocholate (NaGC) and various lipids as potential nasal absorption enhancers of a stable model dipeptide, [D-Arg²]kyotorphin. NaGC alone enhanced the nasal absorption of the dipeptide in a concentration-dependent manner. When linoleic acid was added to form mixed micelles with NaGC, the absorption was further enhanced (P < 0.01). The effect of mixed micelles was synergistic and much greater than with single adjuvants. Increasing ionic strength was found to increase the adjuvant activity of both NaGC and NaGC–lipid mixed micelles. Structure of the lipid component of the mixed micelles also affected the adjuvant potency. Oleic acid, a cis-unsaturated fatty acid, was more effective than elaidic acid, the trans-isomer, whereas cis-linoleic acid and trans-linolelaidic acid were equally effective ( = 0.05). Mixed micelles of mono-glycerides such as monoolein and monolinolein were also more effective than NaGC alone ( = 0.05). Micellar solubilization of these polar lipids by NaGC appears to be important for nasal absorption enhancement to occur. Reversal of the membrane permeability was also observed within approximately 20–40 min after removal of the adjuvants from the rat nasal cavity. These observations are similar to the effects of mixed micelles on the rectal mucosa and may involve the same mechanism.     

武警某部战士,学员体脂成分的研究

目的：评价武警阅队成员体脂成分现状,为科学选兵,合理制定训练计划和正确指导膳食营养提供资料,方法：以皮褶厚度测量法推算体脂指标。结果：武警甘部战士,学员在多项体脂指标方面都优于同龄地方大学生和通讯兵某部战士,对体脂百分率评价,男性均值尚属正常,肥胖占２．２％;女性均值超标了２．６６％,肥胖占１２．４％,结论：武警某部战士、学员体脂成分现尚好,但应注意严格选兵标准,科学调整膳食,加大耐力性训练力度。     

金石散胶囊溶解胆石的临床研究

自１９８７年迄今,用金石散（４－６胶囊／次,２－３次／天）治疗胆结石患者１７７例,３月为一疗程,共２－４疗程。治疗前后均经Ｂ超检查以判断疗效。结果显示：１．服药一月,９０％病人的发热、腹胀、疼痛等临床症状消失。２、６２例胆囊结石经服药平均８．１８＋７．１４月后,３例结石完全消失（４．８４％）,３７例结石减少变小,总有效率６４．５２％;而临床类型型相似的另外２３例,用ＵＤＣＡ治疗作为对照组,总有效率     

Small supplements of N-3 fatty acids change serum low density lipoprotein composition by decreasing phospholipid and apolipoprotein B concentrations in young adult women

Summary In order to investigate the effect of a short-term application of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the composition of serum very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL), nine women aged 29±4.2 years, following a diet with a SFA/MUFA/PUFA profile of 2.4/3/1, received supplements of six capsules daily, each capsule containing 0.137 g of n-3 fatty acids (14.5% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 8.9% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) for 10 d. Food consumption, assessed during two 10-days periods indicates that percentage contribution of SFA, MUFA, and PUFA to the daily energy intake did not change through the fish-oil supplementation period, but the daily consumption of n-3 fatty acids increased 2.3 times. N-3 fatty supplementation increased EPA and DHA percentages in serum phospholipids, but failed to decrease (p>0.05) the cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in serum LDL and HDL, although it did so in VLDL. In contrast, the lipoprotein-phospholipid and lipoprotein-protein concentrations were markedly affected, mainly in LDL and HDL (at least p<0.01). HDL and VLDL compositions were not affected but the total mass (lipid+protein in mg/dl) concentration of these lipoproteins significantly decreased (p<0.05), suggesting a lower number of these particles in circulating blood after the n-3 treatment. The LDL-cholesterol/LDL-apolipoprotein B ratio increased (p<0.01) reflecting a probable increase in LDL size. Following fish oil supplementation, LDL particles contained a significantly lower amount of phospholipids, which also suggests changes in the surface/core ratio of the average LDL. Changes in serum lipoprotein lipids did not significantly correlate with any dietary change other than the n-3 fatty acid increase. The results indicate that a 10-day application of a small supplement of n-3 change the LDL composition leading to less atherogenic LDL particles with lower phospholipid and apolipoprotein (Apo) B concentrations. Received: 15 May 1998, Accepted: 28 August 1998     

N—苯基马来酰亚胺／苯乙烯／丙烯腈共聚合体系的研究

测定了６０℃下Ｎ－苯基马来酰亚胺在苯溶剂中分别与苯乙烯,丙类腈共聚的二元竞聚率,并据此估算其三元共聚物组成,研究表明,实验值和计算值较为接近,如果适当控制混合单体比例和反应条件,可望得到组成较均一的共聚物。     

A comparison of skinfold anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the evaluation of body fat in cirrhotic patients

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Skinfold anthropometry has been used to evaluate the nutritional status in cirrhosis. Such estimates are based on the calculations which derive from healthy subjects and may not apply to cirrhotic patients. We aimed to calculate the limits of agreement between Skinfold anthropometry (SA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in estimating body fat in cirrhotics. METHODS: Forty cirrhotic patients were studied by both methods. The limits of agreement were estimated by the Bland and Altman method. RESULTS: Percentage body fat was similar when measured by DXA and SA (29.6 +/- 9.2 vs 28.9 +/- 7.5 %). Body fat mass was also similar (20.3 +/- 8.4 vs 20.3 +/- 7.7 kg). The limits of agreement between DXA and SA measurements were -7.04 (95%CI: -9.55 to -5.2) +8.56 (95%CI: +10.7 to +6.4.) in the assessment of percentage body fat and -5.32 (95%CI: -6.77 to -3.87) +5.24 (95%CI: +3.79 to +6.69) in the assessment of fat mass. CONCLUSION: Percentage body fat can be evaluated by SA or DXA with a difference of less then 5% in the majority of cirrhotic patients without overt fluid retention. This result is important when considering the large applicability of SA.