血液流变学及动力学在妊娠期高血压患者中的变化及临床意义

目的:探讨血液流变学及动力学在妊娠期高血压疾病患者中的变化及临床意义.方法:选择146例妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇(纳入观察组)及同期正常妊娠孕妇145例(纳入对照组)作为研究对象,采用全自动血粘度仪和无创伤监测仪监测两组孕妇血液流变学和血液动力学指标并进行组间比较.结果:观察组全血粘度(包括高切、中切、低切)、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组MAP明显高于对照组,而心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、心搏量(SV)、心搏指数(SI)及血管顺应性(AC)等则均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:监测孕妇血液流变学结合血液动力学指标对妊娠期高血压疾病发生有一定的预测价值,同时根据上述参数变化合理用药以改善患者血液流变学及血液动力学情况,对预防及控制妊娠期高血压疾病的进一步恶化有利.     

Epicardial Coronary Spasm in Women With Angina Pectoris and Unobstructed Coronary Arteries Is Linked With a Positive Family History: An Observational Study

Purpose

Coronary spasm is frequently found in patients with angina and unobstructed coronaries. The pathophysiology is incompletely understood, although sex differences have been described. Often a positive family history (PFH) is encountered. We assessed the relationship between sex, coronary spasm, and a PFH for cardiovascular disease.

Nitroglycerin-resistant coronary spasm treated with intracoronary linsidomine chlorhydrate (SIN-1)

Spontaneous left anterior descending coronary artery spasm occurred in two patients during coronary angiography. After intravenous injection of 0.75 mg of nitroglycerin, the narrowing was unchanged in one patient and only partially relieved in the other. The coronary narrowing completely disappeared after intracoronary injection of 1 mg of the active metabolite of molsidomine, linsidomine chlorhydrate (SIN-1). In the first patient, this injection was performed just prior to the initiation of coronary balloon dilatation, which was then cancelled. Although rare, these two observations demonstrate the limitations of the intravenous use of nitroglycerin during diagnostic coronary angiography and point out the efficacy of intracoronary administration of SIN-1.     

Long-Term Follow-Up in Patients With Stable Angina and Unobstructed Coronary Arteries Undergoing Intracoronary Acetylcholine Testing

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis of a large cohort of patients with stable angina and unobstructed coronaries undergoing acetylcholine spasm testing.BackgroundCoronary artery spasm can be found in up to 60% of patients with symptoms of myocardial ischemia despite unobstructed coronary arteries.MethodsConsecutive symptomatic patients with unobstructed coronary arteries undergoing acetylcholine testing to detect epicardial or microvascular coronary spasm were prospectively enrolled. After a median follow-up period of 7.2 years (6.5 to 7.9 years), data regarding mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, repeat coronary angiography, recurrent symptoms, and quality of life were obtained in 736 patients (57% women, mean age 62 ± 12 years).ResultsIn total, 55 deaths (7.5%), 8 nonfatal myocardial infarctions (1.4%), and 12 strokes (2.2%) occurred during the follow-up period. Recurrent symptoms were reported by 64% of patients, and repeat coronary angiography was performed in 12% of cases. Multivariate analysis revealed epicardial spasm as a predictor of nonfatal myocardial infarction (hazard ratio: 14.469; 95% confidence interval: 1.735 to 120.646) and repeat angiography (hazard ratio: 1.703; 95% confidence interval: 1.062 to 2.732), whereas patients with microvascular spasm more often had recurrent angina at follow-up (hazard ratio: 1.311; 95% confidence interval: 1.013 to 1.697).ConclusionsIn this long-term follow-up study, the overall prognosis of patients with coronary spasm was favorable. Patients with epicardial spasm were at increased risk for myocardial infarction and repeat angiography, while microvascular spasm was associated with recurrent angina. Acetylcholine testing may help identify patients at increased risk for adverse cardiac events among this overall low-risk population.     

Familial migraine and coronary artery spasm in two siblings

A common pathophysiology for the clinical association of variant angina and migraine has been suggested, but the pathogenesis of both illnesses is yet unknown. Our report presents two siblings with both illnesses and a familial history of migraine where coronary artery spasm was documented, spontaneously in one and after the administration of ergonovine maleate in the other one. Our study strongly supports the hypothesis that genetic factors possibly play a role in the etiology of variant angina and migraine at least in some patients.     

Lack of compensatory enlargement at sites of coronary vasospasm: identification by ultrasound and successful treatment with stenting

The case of a young man with spontaneous vasospasm at two sites in his left anterior descending coronary artery is described. Intravascular ultrasound demonstrated mild eccentric atherosclerosis with smaller total artery cross-sectional area (defined as the external elastic membrane) compared with reference segments. Impaired compensatory enlargement (remodeling) in response to mild atherosclerosis may derive from one or more biologic mechanisms that are also responsible for vasospasm. This characteristic is easily identified by intravascular ultrasound. In this case, coronary stenting of the vasospastic sites led to excellent long-term control of symptoms more than 1 year after intervention.     

3D-FIESTA-C联合3D-TOF-MRA序列在面肌痉挛微血管压迫的诊断价值

目的评价3D-FIESTA-C联合3D-TOF-MRA序列在诊断原发性面肌痉挛微血管压迫的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经微血管减压术(MVD)的84例原发性面肌痉挛患者的影像学资料,所有患者均采用3D-FIESTA-C和3D-TOF-MRA序列扫描,以MVD手术结果为金标准,对比分析3D-FIESTA-C、3D-TOF-MRA序列及序列组合对面肌痉挛责任血管的显示能力。结果与MVD术中结果对照分析显示,3D-FIESTA-C检出责任血管70例,其阳性率83.3%;3D-TOF-MRA序列检出责任血管68例,其阳性率81.0%。3D-FIESTA-C联合3D-TOF-MRA序列共检出责任血管79例,其阳性率94.0%;面肌痉挛责任血管的种类以小脑前下动脉(48.8%,41/84)和小脑后下动脉(26.2%,22/84)为主。结论3D-FIESTA-C联合3D-TOF-MRA序列应用能有效提高对原发性面肌痉挛责任血管的显示。     

针刺夹脊穴结合温针灸治疗原发性面肌痉挛临床疗效观察

目的:比较针刺夹脊穴结合温针灸与常规针刺治疗原发性面肌痉挛的疗效差异。方法:选择60例符合纳入标准的原发性面肌痉挛病人随机分成两组,每组各30例。对照组用常规针刺治疗,治疗组在对照组的针刺选穴基础上取颈部夹脊穴(C3-C6棘突下旁开0.5寸,左右各4穴)和温针灸养老穴。结果:两组患者的面肌痉挛强度和频率均降低(P<0.05)。总有效率比较,治疗组(90%)>对照组(63.3%),(Z=-2.815,P=0.005<0.01)。结论:针刺夹脊穴结合温针灸与常规针刺均可改善患者面肌痉挛症状,且夹脊穴结合温针灸治疗疗效更佳。     

Intravenous verapamil therapy in imminent myocardial infarction

We studied 16 patients with small myocardial infarction who had further episodes of chest pain with ST-segment elevation, a sign of transmural myocardial ischemia and imminent infarction extension. Coronary angiography in 14 showed a critical lesion in 13. Intravenous verapamil abolished chest pain and ST-segment elevation. It caused a fall in right atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP) and cardiac output, reflex systemic vasoconstriction, and a rise in systemic vascular resistance. There was no reflex tachycardia. Volume expansion raised LVEDP and restored a normal cardiac output. Accelerated junctional rhythm with isorhythmic A-V dissociation occurred in 5 patients. Two patients sustained a transmural infarction, 10 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, and 4 are symptom-free with oral treatment. Intravenous treatment was an effective method of treating acute episodes of transmural myocardial ischemia and preventing their recurrence in patients with critical coronary artery narrowing. Continuous verapamil infusion stabilized the patients' condition and enabled smooth coronary angiography and induction of anesthesia for surgery.