缪刺法治疗面肌痉挛33例

目的:观察缪刺法治疗面肌痉挛的临床效果。方法:选取2010年5月—2012年5月在本院诊治的面肌痉挛患者66例,所有患者排除神经系统器质性病变,行脑电图和头颅CT等检查排除癫痫及占位性病变,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组33例。两组患者入院后均给予基础治疗,对照组患者采用常规患侧取穴针刺治疗,观察组患者采用缪刺法治疗。结果:对照组有效率为69.7%,观察组有效率为87.9%,观察组优于对照组(P0.05);观察组治疗后中医证候积分优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:缪刺法治疗面肌痉挛疗效显著。     

Hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous recurrent perforating artery: A case report

IntroductionWhen the culprit vessel in hemifacial spasm (HFS) is hard to determine, this is a challenge in microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery. In such a situation, small arteries such as perforators to the brainstem might be suspected. But small arteries are omnipresent near the facial nerve root exit/entry zone (fREZ). How to decide whether a given small artery is responsible for HFS is unclear.MethodWe report a case with a previously unreported form of neurovascular impingement, in which the culprit was found to be the recurrent perforating artery (RPA) from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). An aberrant anatomic configuration of the RPA was found intraoperatively, which we thought was responsible for generating focal pressure on the facial nerve.Case reportA 62-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of paroxysmal but increasingly frequent twitching in her right face. MRI showed tortuosity of the vertebral artery and apparently marked neurovascular impingement on the asymptomatic left side, while only the right AICA could be implicated as the possible culprit. Hemifacial spasm was diagnosed based on the typical clinical manifestation, and MVD was performed. The pre-meatal segment of the AICA was found not to be impinging the facial nerve at any susceptible portion near the fREZ: root exit point, attached segment, or root detachment point. The real culprit was in fact the RPA. This occult culprit vessel was tortuous, forming a coil-shaped twist which was interposed between the facial nerve and the intermediate nerve near the root detachment point. Focal pressure atrophy of the nerve was clearly observed at the compressing site. The patient achieved total spasm relief immediately after surgery, and remained spasm-free at 1-year follow-up, without any postoperative complications.ConclusionMVD is the only curative treatment for hemifacial spasm, but with a failure rate of around 10%. Mistaking the real culprit has been reported to be the most likely reason for surgical failure. Therefore, intraoperative identification of atypical occult forms of vascular compression is of importance to improve surgical outcome. In the present case, the RPA formed a coil-shaped twist, which inflicted focal vascular compression causing hemifacial spasm. We recommend careful inspection of the recurrent perforating artery during MVD for HFS, and decompressing any such neurovascular impingement.     

多沙唑嗪联合双氯芬酸钠治疗前列腺电切术后膀胱痉挛的安全性和有效性

目的：观察多沙唑嗪联合双氯芬酸钠治疗前列腺电切术（TURP）后膀胱痉挛（BS）的安全性和有效性。方法：以2017年1月-2018年1月某院经TURP治疗的良性前列腺增生患者126例作为研究对象，采用随机数表法，将126例患者分为观察组和对照组，每组63例。对照组于TURP术后口服甲磺酸多沙唑嗪缓释片进行治疗，观察组口服甲磺酸多沙唑嗪片联合双氯芬酸钠栓肛塞进行治疗。比较2组BS时间和次数、视觉模拟评分量表（VAS）评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分、膀胱冲洗液变淡时间、导管留置时间、术后住院天数和不良反应的发生率。结果：观察组BS发生频率、BS持续时间和VAS评分均较对照组高，差异有显著性（P<0.05）。观察组HAMD评分和HAMA评分均高于对照组，差异有显著性（P<0.05）。2组膀胱冲洗液变淡时间、导管留置时间和术后住院天数的比较无显著差异（P>0.05）。126例患者均成功完成手术，术后服用期间未见任何药物相关不良反应。结论：多沙唑嗪联合双氯芬酸钠治疗TURP术后BS安全和有效。     

虚拟现实术前计划在特发性面肌痉挛微血管减压术中的应用

目的评价虚拟现实术前计划用于特发性面肌痉挛导微血管减压术的效果。方法收集33例做虚拟现实术前计划（计划组）和27例未做虚拟现实术前计划（对照组）的特发性面肌痉挛患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析。计划组患者分别行脑血管CT和头颅MRI检查，影像数据输入Vitrea虚拟现实系统进行三维重建，模拟枕下乙状窦后入路显露面听神经复合体，判断责任血管和面神经的空间关系，在术前计划基础上进行面神经微血管减压术。比较2组手术疗效和并发症发生率。结果2组患者责任血管均为小脑前下动脉，虚拟现实术前计划中面神经与责任血管空间关系清晰显示，责任血管判定结果与术中观察结果一致。计划组和对照组Cohen分级0级比例差异有统计学意义[100．0％（33例）比85．2％（23例）]（P=0．036），手术疗效总体良好率差异无统计学意义[100．0％（33例）比85．2％（23例）]（P=0．450）。并发症总体发生率差异无统计学意义[0．0％比11．1％（3例）]（P=0．085）。结论虚拟现实术前计划有助于清晰直观地显示面神经与责任血管的空间关系，可提高手术疗效和安全性。     

Acute myocardial infarction due to simultaneous spasm of 3 coronary arteries that worsened over time

Coronary artery spasm (CAS) rarely worsens from single-vessel to simultaneous multivessel CAS naturally, and simultaneous multivessel CAS leads to serious conditions such as cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). A 77-year-old Japanese man who took medications for CAS was transferred to our hospital due to persistent chest pain. On arrival, his vital signs were stable, but his electrocardiogram (ECG) showed ST-segment elevation in leads II, III and aVF. Ventricular fibrillation developed suddenly. Although routine cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) including intravenous administration of epinephrine was performed immediately, he could not be resuscitated. After initiation of percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS), there was a return of spontaneous circulation. His ECG showed exacerbation of myocardial ischemia with ST-segment elevation in leads I, II, III, aVL, aVF and V3–V6. Emergency coronary angiography revealed severe CAS of the right and left coronary arteries, which was relieved completely by intracoronary administration of nitrates. He was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction due to simultaneous 3-vessel CAS that progressed over time. About 6 h after arrival, he developed hemodynamic instability and died. CAS worsened from single-vessel to simultaneous 3-vessel spasm, and intracoronary administration of nitrates was effective in relieving CAS, which was documented by the ECG and coronary angiogram. Since CAS can progress over time, nitrates must be administered immediately. When CAS leads to CPA, epinephrine may be ineffective in CPR because of its vasoconstrictive effect on coronary arteries; therefore, PCPS should be initiated, and intracoronary nitrates should be administered.     

Impact of drug-eluting stent-associated coronary artery spasm on 3-year clinical outcomes: A propensity score matching analysis

BackgroundIt has been reported that significant endothelial dysfunction or clinically evident vasospasm can be associated with drug-eluting stents (DESs). However, the impact of DES associated coronary artery spasm (CAS) on long-term clinical outcomes has not been fully elucidated as compared with those of patients with vasospastic angina.MethodsA total of 2797 consecutive patients without significant coronary artery lesion (<70%), who underwent the Acetylcholine (Ach) provocation test, were enrolled between Nov 2004 and Oct 2010. DES-associated spasm was defined as significant CAS in proximal or distal to previously implanted DES site at follow-up angiography with Ach test. Patients were divided into two groups (DES-CAS; n = 108, CAS; n = 1878). For adjustment, propensity score matching (PSM) was done (C-statistics = 0.766, DES-CAS; n = 102, CAS; n = 102). SPSS 20 (Inc., Chicago, Illinois) was used to analyze this data.ResultsBaseline characteristics were worse in the DES-CAS group. After PSM, both baseline characteristics and the Ach test results were balanced except higher incidence of diffuse CAS and ECG change in the DES-CAS group. During Ach test, the incidence of diffuse spasm (93.1% vs. 81.3%, p = 0.012) and ST-T change (10.7% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.010) were higher in the DES-CAS group. At 3-year, before and after adjustment, the DES-CAS group showed a higher incidence of coronary revascularization (9.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.001), recurrent chest pain requiring follow up coronary angiography (CAG, 24.5% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.001) and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs, 9.8% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.005).ConclusionIn this study, DES associated CAS was associated with higher incidence of diffuse spasm, ST-T change and adverse 3-year clinical outcomes. Special caution should be exercised in this particular subset of patients.     

How to tackle complications in radial procedures: Tip and tricks

Transradial interventions (TRI) are becoming increasingly popular because of accumulating recent evidence suggesting improved survival and reduced morbidity. Complications, though rare, do occur, especially for operators on their learning curve. The complications are best prevented by utilization of proper technique. Forearm hematoma are preventable and easy to treat, but a delay in detecting and managing them can lead to disastrous consequences compartment syndrome being the most dreaded one. This review deals with tips and tricks to prevent as also treat the common and rare complications.     

八髎穴治疗出口梗阻型便秘的机制探讨

出口梗阻型便秘(outlet obstruction constipation,OOC)已经成为影响现代人生活质量的重要疾病之一。本文就近年来国内外有关OOC的发病机制及针刺八髎穴治疗OOC的研究进行了回顾,发现针刺八髎穴可能通过提高神经节内板状末梢改善机械扩张的敏感性,升高血清胆囊收缩素水平,抑制脊髓前角的γ-运动神经元、脊髓内侧角的交感中枢的兴奋性及减少5-羟色胺、组织胺的释放等多途径达到治疗OOC的作用。深入探讨八髎穴治疗OOC的作用机制,可为寻找更为特异和有效的治疗靶点提供实验依据和理论基础。