Polyphyllin D punctures hypertrophic lysosomes to reverse drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting acid sphingomyelinase

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水飞蓟宾对索拉非尼在大鼠体内药动学的影响及机制研究

目的 研究不同剂量水飞蓟宾对索拉非尼在大鼠体内药动学的影响并探究相关机制。方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为索拉非尼（100 mg/kg）组、低剂量（50 mg/kg）水飞蓟宾＋索拉非尼（100 mg/kg）组和高剂量（100 mg/kg）水飞蓟宾＋索拉非尼（100 mg/kg）组，每组6只，连续8 d ig空白溶剂或水飞蓟宾后ig索拉非尼，于不同时间点采集血样，测定血浆索拉非尼质量浓度。采用qRT-PCR检测大鼠肝组织中细胞色素P450 3A1（cytochrome P450 3A1，CYP3A1）、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1A7（UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7，UGT1A7）和小肠组织中P-糖蛋白（P-glycoprotein，P-gp）和乳腺癌耐药蛋白（breast cancer resistance protein，BCRP）mRNA表达。结果 50 mg/kg水飞蓟宾使索拉非尼的C_max、AUC_0～t和AUC_0～∞分别增加了47.4%、57.1%和64.7%，100 mg/kg水飞蓟宾使索拉非尼的C_max、AUC_0～t和AUC_0～∞分别增加了47.6%、80.5%和79.8%；联合给药组小肠组织中P-gp和BCRP mRNA表达明显受到抑制（P<0.05），但肝组织中CYP3A1和UGT1A7 mRNA表达没有变化。结论 水飞蓟宾和索拉非尼联用存在药动学相互作用，可能会增加索拉非尼不良反应发生风险，临床联合使用时应加强监测，必要时调整给药剂量。     

Cabozantinib in Japanese patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Final results of a multicenter phase II study

Aim

Cabozantinib showed a favorable benefit–risk profile in Japanese patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in an open-label, phase II study (NCT03586973). This analysis presents cumulative data to final database lock.

Methods

Patients with previously treated, advanced HCC received cabozantinib 60 mg/day. Progression-free survival (PFS) and tumor response rates in prior-sorafenib and sorafenib-naïve cohorts were assessed by independent radiology committee (IRC) and an investigator. Liver function was evaluated by albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score.

Results

Median cabozantinib exposure was 5.6 months. In the prior-sorafenib cohort (n = 20), median PFS was 7.4 months per IRC assessment and 5.6 months per investigator assessment. In the sorafenib-naïve cohort (n = 14), median PFS was 3.6 and 4.4 months per IRC and investigator assessment, respectively. Six-month PFS rate per IRC and investigator assessment in the prior-sorafenib cohort was 59.8% and 49.5%, respectively, and in the sorafenib-naïve cohort was 16.7% and 35.7%, respectively. Disease control rate by both IRC and investigator assessment was 85.0% in the prior-sorafenib cohort and 64.3% in the sorafenib-naïve cohort. Median overall survival (Kaplan–Meier estimate) was 19.3 and 9.9 months in the prior-sorafenib and sorafenib-naïve cohort, respectively. Mean ALBI score remained relatively constant in patients able to continue treatment. The most frequent adverse events were palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, diarrhea, hypertension, and decreased appetite. No new safety concerns were identified.

Conclusions

Cabozantinib showed efficacy and a manageable safety profile in Japanese patients with advanced HCC.