Pre- and postoperative nutritional care in liver transplantation in children

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is now a definitive treatment option for most cases of endstage liver disease (ESLD) in children. Efforts now focus on active supportive treatment to maintain, if not improve, the patient's clinical status before OLT and to ensure normal patterns of growth and development after OLT. Malnutrition adversely affects the outcome of OLT and is probably the single area in pre-operative management where the largest potential improvement can be made. Our studies indicate significant abnormalities of protein energy metabolism and body composition in children referred for OLT. We have shown that the use of enteral formulae, enriched with branched-chain amino acids, have significant advantages. Other adjunctive therapy, such as growth hormone, is the subject of current investigation. Following transplantation, catch-up weight and growth does occur with the advent of normal liver functioning, but patients at continuing risk for undernutrition, such as those with rejection and/or chronic infection, need to be targeted for specific nutritional therapy.     

Disposition of the neuroleptic zuclopenthixol cosegregates with the polymorphic hydroxylation of debrisoquine in humans

The pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of the neuroleptic drug zuclopenthixol (10 or 6 mg) was studied in 6 extensive and 6 poor metabolizers of debrisoquine. The peak plasma concentrations of zuclopenthixol did not differ between the phenotypes, whereas the plasma elimination half-life was significantly longer in poor than in extensive metabolizers (29.9 +/- 6.6 vs 17.6 +/- 6.9 h). Accordingly, the total oral plasma clearance was lower in poor than in extensive metabolizers (0.78 +/- 0.27 vs 2.12 +/- 0.65 1/h/kg). Ten of the volunteers had previously participated in a similar study in which the kinetics of perphenazine, another neuroleptic drug, were studied in poor and in extensive metabolizers of debrisoquine. There was a significant correlation between the oral clearance of perphenazine and that of zuclopenthixol among these 10 subjects. The study indicates that the disposition of zuclopenthixol, as well as that of perphenazine, is related to the genetically determined capacity to hydroxylate debrisoquine. The significance of this polymorphism for the clinical use of neuroleptics is discussed.     

民族药香青兰化学成分及药理作用研究进展

摘要：目的：对民族药香青兰进行化学成分及药理活性的研究,对该药材的综合应用和深入研究奠定基础。方法：通过查阅1995-2022年知网、PubMed中的中英文文献与相关文献对香青兰进行综述。结果：经过系统的研究,发现香青兰的组成主要包含总黄酮和黄酮苷类、挥发油、三萜类和蛋白质等。这些成分有着多种药理作用,如抗缺氧、抗血栓和降血压。结论：香青兰对于治疗高血压,心脏病等有一定疗效。香青兰在蒙医临床中应用广泛。研究表明,香青兰的化学成分和药理作用已经取得了一定的进展,其作用范围广泛,对心血管疾病有显著的疗效。     

Establishment and Characterization of Cell Lines from Human Adenovirus Type 12-induced Murine Tumors Producing Endogenous Virus Particles

Two cell lines designated IC KMS and D KMS were established from human adenovirus type 12 induced tumors of C3Hf/OK mouse. The cell lines retained the characteristics of the original tumor i.e., production of numerous C type and intracisternal A-type particles, integration of Adl2 El region DNA and amplification of the myc gene family. Chromosomal analysis revealed chromosome aberrations in both IC KMS and D KMS cells. The modal chromosome number of IC KMS cells was 54 and that of D-KMS cells was 48. Metacentric chromosomes and mini-chromosomes were found. Trisomy of chromosome 3, 7 and 12 was seen frequently in D KMS cells. Although DNA aneuploidy was revealed by flow cytometry, the DNA indices of these cells showed no relation to the copy number of integrated Adl2 DNA. These cells have been propagated by serial culture during the past 17 months. Production of endogenous virus particles is a unique characteristic of IC KMS and D KMS cells. These cell lines would be useful materials for examining the contribution of Adl2 carcinogenesis to activation of endogenous virus particles, and also the correlation between Adl2 carcinogenesis and cancer related genes. Acta Pathol Jpn 42: 242-248, 1992.     

用集中注意法对抑郁症患者进行押韵汉字的分听研究

目的:探讨抑郁症患者大脑半球机能不对称的特点.方法:用集中注意法及两种押韵词,对58名健康被试、115名抑郁症患者进行耳优势测试.结果:1.健康组真词测听未见耳优势,而假词测听呈右耳(左半球)优势.2.抑郁症患者真词测听未见耳优势,而假词测听呈增强的右耳(左半球)优势.3.真词测听,共病焦虑障碍组无耳优势,非共病组有增强的右耳(左半球)优势;假词测听,两组均表现为右耳(左半球)优势,非共病组强于共病组.4.HAMD、HAMA、SCL-90评分与真、假词偏侧指数无相关性.结论:1.健康中国人对真词的加工与认知无耳优势,表明健康中国人在加工真词时需要左右两侧半球的协同参与;对假词的加工与认知则表现出右耳(左半球)优势,表明更为纯粹的言语材料的加工以左半球为主.2.抑郁症患者对汉字词的加工与认知,表现出较健康人强的右耳(左半球)优势.3.共病和非共病焦虑障碍者对汉字词的加工与认知,表现出较健康人强的右耳(左半球)优势,而非共病者较共病者右耳(左半球)优势强.4.患者的言语偏侧化指数与症状严重程度无相关性.5.假词为较为理想的分听材料.     

HEREDITARY HEMORRHAGIC TELANGIECTASIA WITH MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA An Autopsy Case

A 60-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed at autopsy as having had hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) associated with systemic hemangiomas. In her repoduction period, premenstrual epistaxis frequently occurred. At the age of 60, the patient died of malignant lymphoma. At autopsy, multiple telangiectatic spots were noted on the face, limbs and trunk. The paraaortic lymph nodes, which were enlarged and irregularly conglomerated, were histologically diagnosed as malignant lymphoma of the diffuse large cell type. Submucosal telangiectatic lesions were found in the gastrointestinal system from the oral cavity to the rectum. Cavernous hemangiomas were present in various visceral organs including the liver, spleen, small and large intestines, rectum, appendix, uterus, and jejunal and colonic mesenteries. There was an arteriovenous fistula in the left lung. Examination of her family pedigree showed that the patient had an autosomal dominant trait of inheritance. The pathogenesis of the systemic visceral hemangiomas observed in this patient was considered to be similar to that of hamartoma.     

The influence of genetic counselling in the era of DNA testing on knowledge, reproductive intentions and psychological wellbeing

Subjects of reproductive age at risk of having an affected child with a severe single gene disorder such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or cystic fibrosis (CF) were surveyed to ascertain: their views on genetic counselling and antenatal testing; their knowledge of their risk of having an affected child; and their psychological wellbeing. Questionnaires were posted to 209 individuals at 130 addresses; a 65% response rate was achieved. The majority of those surveyed were under 40 years of age (91%), half of them had received genetic counselling only once and for 47% the first encounter was after the diagnosis of their affected child. Most patients expressed their intention to use prenatal testing. However, less than 50% of those counselled knew their risk of having an affected child. Knowledge of risk was associated with the type of disease in the family (p<0.001) (inheritance of DMD was poorly understood by relevant subjects) and was positively associated with the participant's level of education (p<0.05). We did not detect a significant association between the number of intended children and the risk of having an affected child. In terms of family relations, genetic counselling appears to be beneficial for the nuclear family, the couple and their children, but some counsellees reported a detericration in relations with other relatives. The results indicate that couples at risk of having a child with a severe genetic disorder value the counselling provided, but many of them do not remember important facts in relation to their risk status.