女性银屑病患者血清性激素浓度测定

对20例女性、非妊娠期、生育年龄的寻常型、进行期银屑病患者检测了雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P)和睾酮(T)的血清浓度。结果为:卵泡期E_2平均值为84±61.6pg/ml,黄体期E_2平均值为164.9±115pg/ml,均显著高于正常平均值(P值分别为<0.001,<0.005);黄体期P平均值为2.67±4.62ng/ml,显著低于正常平均值(P<0.005);T平均值在正常范围,提示银屑病可能与血清E_2和P浓度有关。     

The Bactrocera tryoni homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster sex-determination gene doublesex

A homologue of the bifunctional sex-determining gene, doublesex (dsx), has been identified in the tephritid fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, and has been found to be expressed in a sex-specific manner in adult flies. The male- and female-specific cDNAs are identical at their 5′ ends but differ at their 3′ ends and appear to be the products of alternate splicing. The level of identity of the sex-specific DSX proteins of B. tryoni with the D. melanogaster DSX proteins, across the region corresponding to the DNA binding domain and the oligomerization domains, is greater than 85%. Four sequence motifs which are ten to thirteen bases identical to the TRA/TRA-2 binding sites (thirteen-nucleotide repeat sequences) are present in the female-specific exon of the B. tryoni dsx gene.     

维丁胶性钙预防关节腔内注射皮质类固醇引起骨关节的损害

目的：采用维丁胶性钙预防关节内注射皮质类固醇对骨关节的损害。方法：４５只健康新西兰白兔，随机分为三组，每组１５只。Ａ组：右膝关节内注射醋酸强的松龙７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。Ｂ组：用药同Ａ组，同时每周肌注维丁胶性钙三次，每次１ｍｌ。Ｃ组：右膝关节内注射生理盐水０．３７５ｍｌ／ｋｇ，作为对照。于实验的第３、５、７、９、１１周的第１天，每组取３只动物作髋关节和膝关节Ｘ光照片，并取膝关节及股骨头标本作病理组织学和超微结构检查。结果：Ａ组。用药２次后，Ｘ线照片、病理组织学检查和超微结构观察均有骨关节损害的表现，并随给药次数的增加而加重。Ｂ组。用药６次后才出现轻度病理组织学和超微结构改变。Ｃ组。各项指标均正常。从而证实维丁胶性钙有预防或减轻皮质类固醇所致骨关节损害的作用。结论：在疼痛治疗中，关节内注射皮质类固醇应尽量减少注射次数和延长间隔时间，并同时应用维丁胶性钙肌注有一定预防骨质损害作用。     

Sex differences in spatial ability in children

There is considerable evidence that sex differences in spatial ability exist in adults, with males outperforming females at every age after puberty. It is difficult, however, to find sex differences in children younger than 13. This is due in part to the lack of adequate measures of spatial ability for use with children. We report the use of spatial tests for children that are similar to those that have shown large sex differences in adults and may be measuring ability comparable to adult spatial ability. Four tests of mental rotation and spatial visualization were given to two samples of children. The first sample consisted of 81 children (39 males and 42 females) aged 9 to 12 years. The second sample consisted of 42 children (21 males and 21 females) aged 9 to 13 years. Sex differences of .4–.6 standard deviations were found on three tests in both samples. These results indicate that sex differences in spatial ability can be found in preadolescents if appropriate tests are used. Measurement of these abilities in children facilitates the investigation of possible biological and sociocultural contributors to the sex differences in spatial ability.This study was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant HD19644 and NIH Biomedical Research Support Grant S07 RR05366-24.     

大鼠实验性肝硬化时甲状腺激素水平及甲状腺形态学变化的研究

将Wistar大鼠分为三组：肝硬化组，给予四氯化碳等复合因素，给药组，除给CCl4等复合因素外，用赤栀黄合剂灌胃41天；正常组给以一般饮食及饮水。结果，与正常组及给药组相比，硬化组血T3、T4测定值低，甲状腺滤泡中胶质明显减少，滤泡细胞与胶质间空泡增多，滤泡上皮细胞内PAS阳性小滴数日增多。表明在实验性肝硬化期间甲状腺参与了抗疾病的代谢活动，其机理可能是肝硬化时肝细胞合成、转运T3，T4的蛋白质减少。运输中的T3，T4减少，活性甲状腺素不足，从而导致甲状腺代偿性功能活跃。赤栀黄合剂具有保肝，恢复甲状腺素水平的作用。     

Parental alcoholism and early child development

In a cohort of 532 pregnant women from the general population, it was found by compilation of the results from interviews, police records, hospital records and social welfare records that 23 mothers and 51 fathers in 64 families (12%) were suffering from alcoholism/heavy drinking. In these 64 families, the mother was an addict in only 13 families, both parents were addicts in 10 families, and in the remaining 41 families only the father was an addict. Pregnancy, delivery, the newborn child and the child's development until their fourth year of life have been described using a multidisciplinary approach and a longitudinal prospective design. An hypothesis on mental and physical development, and the occurrence of psychopathological symptoms in the children was tested. None of the children of the 13 alcoholic mothers was born with foetal alcohol syndrome, but foetal hazard was indicated by lower birth weight and a higher rate of perinatal deaths. Children of alcoholic parents had retarded mental development and showed more behavioural problems until 4 years of age than controls, but the differences related to physical development during the first year of life had then disappeared. Boys were found to be more vulnerable than girls. The consequences of behaviour seemed to be more pronounced when both parents were alcoholics. No obvious deviation was found when only the father was addicted. Regarding mental development, it appears that factors related to parental alcoholism, including genetic and social factors, and the sex of the child, are of greater importance than the neonatal score on reduced optimality.     

Thoracic epidural analgesia in aortocoronary bypass surgery II: effects on the endocrine metabolic response

Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) may offer haemodynamic benefits for patients with coronary heart disease going through major surgery. This may – in part – be secondary to an effect on the endocrine and metabolic response to surgery. We therefore investigated the effect of TEA on the endocrine metabolic response to aortocoronary bypass surgery (ACBS).
Thirty male patients (age < 65 years, ejection fraction > 0.5) were randomized into 3 groups; the HF group receiving a high dose fentanyl (55 μg–kg^-1) anaesthesia, the HF + TEA group with the same fentanyl dose + TEA with 10 ml bupivacain 5 mg ml^-1, followed by 4 ml every hour, and the LF + TEA group receiving fentanyl 15 μg kg^-1 + TEA. Adrenalin, noradrenalin, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), glucose, Cortisol, lactate and free fatty acids were followed during the operation and for 20 h postoperatively.
A significant increase in adrenalin, noradrenalin and SVR was found in the HF group whereas this increase was blocked in both epidural groups. An increase in glucose and Cortisol was noticed in all groups, but the increase was delayed in the epidural groups.
Our results suggest that a more effective blockade of the stress response during ACBS is obtained when TEA is added to general anaesthesia than with high dose fentanyl anaesthesia alone.     

性罪错人群阴道毛滴虫寄生情况的连续观察

目的:为了解阴道毛滴虫在性罪错人群寄生的情况,探讨和分析阴道毛滴虫寄生与性罪错人群间可能存在的联系。方法:对南通市公安局收容教育所性罪错人群以及本市某国营纺织厂健康纺织女工阴道毛滴虫的寄生情况进行了6个月～1年的连续性观察。对1998～2001年间南通市公安局收容教育所性罪错人群3490人和随机抽样国营纺织厂纺织女工284人分别采用生理盐水涂片法镜检阴道毛滴虫滋养体。结果:性罪错人群中淋病双球菌、解脲文原体、沙眼衣原体和梅毒螺旋体感染者阴道毛滴虫滋养体的平均阳性检出率为31.54％,明显高于正常对照组(2.46％,7/284),差异非常显著(x~2=29.97,P<0.005),并且淋病双球菌、解脲支原体、沙眼衣原体和梅毒螺旋体混合感染者,阴道毛滴虫滋养体的阳性检出率高于单纯淋病、解脲支原体感染、沙眼衣原体感染和梅毒螺旋体感染者。结论:建议性罪错人群在接受淋病双球菌、解脲支原体、沙眼衣原体、梅毒螺旋体时,甚至包括艾滋病毒等特异性检测的同时,必须常规检查阴道毛滴虫滋养体,尤其应当高度重视性传播疾病混合感染,务必选用抗性病和抗滴虫相结合的治疗方法,有利于患者迅速痊愈。