Septicemia Caused by Tick-borne Bacterial Pathogen Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis

We have repeatedly detected Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, a bacterium first described in Rattus norvegicus rats and Ixodes ovatus ticks in Japan in 2004 in the blood of a 61-year-old man with signs of septicemia by 16S rRNA and groEL gene PCR. After 6 weeks of therapy with doxycycline and rifampin, the patient recovered.     

Acinetobacter Endocarditis Presenting as a Large Right Atrial Mass: An Atypical Presentation

This paper discusses a 26‐year‐old woman with end‐stage renal disease on hemodialysis and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus‐baumannii complex endocarditis. The patient had an indwelling right internal jugular catheter that was probably the nidus of infection. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed an atypical presentation of the endocarditis as a large intracardiac mass, measuring in centimeters and occupying more than 50% of the right atrial cavity. The mass was attached to the lateral wall of the right atrium without valvular involvement. The patient was treated with prompt removal of the indwelling catheter, intravenous antibiotics, and surgical resection of the mass with an uneventful recovery. A literature search for cases of “Acinetobacter endocarditis” reveals this as the first case reported of Acinetobacter endocarditis presenting in this manner. (Echocardiography 2010;27:E39‐E42)     

Development and Application of Quantitative Detection Method for Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) Genogroup IVa

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a problematic pathogen in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) aquaculture farms in Korea. Thus, it is necessary to develop a rapid and accurate diagnostic method to detect this virus. We developed a quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) method based on the nucleocapsid (N) gene sequence of Korean VHSV isolate (Genogroup IVa). The slope and R² values of the primer set developed in this study were −0.2928 (96% efficiency) and 0.9979, respectively. Its comparison with viral infectivity calculated by traditional quantifying method (TCID₅₀) showed a similar pattern of kinetic changes in vitro and in vivo. The qRT-PCR method reduced detection time compared to that of TCID₅₀, making it a very useful tool for VHSV diagnosis.     

人间鼠疫间隔31年后首例腺鼠疫的确诊及流行病学

1955年控制了云南省人间鼠疫,间隔31年后,于1986年7月在云南省盈江县发生了1例腺鼠疫续发败血症鼠疫,从患者血液及腹股沟淋巴腺穿刺液中检出鼠疫菌,从患者恢复期血清中检出鼠疫 F1抗体;从当地鼠、蚤中检出鼠疫菌18株。经鼠疫动物病流行调查分析认为:人间鼠疫的发生来源于当地的鼠间鼠疫、而鼠间鼠疫则来源于居民区潜在的疫源、防治对策宜采取灭鼠、蚤并重,防、灭鼠兼施的综合性防治措施。     

新亚型胎儿弯曲菌引起败血症1例报告

弯曲菌属引起肠外感染较少见，多与机体免疫低下有关。本例是非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者接受化疗后，感染新亚型胎儿弯曲菌引起败血症。本株菌经DNA序列测试1cll-17322基因位点变异，变异的胎儿弯曲菌是否改变其致病能力，有待研究。     

以眼部、皮肤损伤为首发症状的单核细胞增生性李斯特菌败血症1例并文献复习

【摘要】目的 探讨1例由血培养证实的系统性红斑狼疮并发李斯特菌感染患者的临床症状，病情演变，治疗经过及转归情况，并进行相关文献复习，进一步了解结缔组织病患者感染李斯特菌后的相关情况。方法 分析该例患者原发病治疗情况，感染后临床表现、病情演变及治疗转归情况。结果 该患者在控制原发病治疗中出现眼睑肿胀，结膜充血，皮肤瘀斑，并发热。2次血培养确定病原菌为单核细胞增生性李斯特菌。加用青霉素、阿米卡星、复方磺胺甲基异恶唑片抗感染治疗，并减轻激素用量后，患者体温正常，症状好转出院。结论 结合病例并文献复习后考虑在非围产期患者中结缔组织病患者可能较其他免疫缺陷病患者更易感染单核细胞增生性李斯特菌。相对于长时间使用稳定剂量免疫抑制剂者而言近期（4周内）使用或加量免疫抑制剂诱发本病危险性更大。除败血症及中枢神经系统感染外应警惕一些症状不典型的局灶感染（如眼部、皮肤、关节腔、心内膜等），及时治疗避免危及生命。     

血液肿瘤并发败血症143株病原菌分布及耐药分析

目的探讨血液肿瘤患者并发败血症病原菌分布及对抗生素的敏感性。方法回顾分析2004-01/2006-12住院的血液肿瘤患者血培养标本中分离的病原菌。结果472份血培养标本检出致病菌143株,阳性率30.3%。革兰阴性菌95株（66.4%）,以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主;革兰阳性菌40株（28.0%）,以表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为主;真菌8株（5.6%）。革兰阴性杆菌除对亚胺培南、美洛培南的耐药率较低外,对其他抗菌药耐药性较高,铜绿假单胞菌对美洛培南也有一定耐药性。3种主要革兰阴性菌大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌对氨苄西林均高度耐药。革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素、替考拉宁耐药率低,尚未检出耐万古霉素菌株,部分肠球菌和溶血葡萄球菌株对替考拉宁耐药。结论血液肿瘤患者并发败血症的病原菌中,以革兰阴性菌为主;抗生素的大量使用,使革兰阴性菌和阳性菌的耐药率都增高,应根据细菌培养及药敏实验在临床中合理使用抗生素。     

Recurrent Staphylococcus aureus abscess and fatal pneumococcal septicemia due to IRAK‐4 deficiency

We describe the case of an infant with recurrent episodes of staphylococcal skin abscess and subsequent lethal pneumococcal meningitis/septicemia due to interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 4 (IRAK‐4) deficiency. In this case, systemic signs of inflammatory response were poor and delayed. Among all other reported cases of IRAK‐4 deficiency, none involved severe viral or fungal disease, and the range of infecting bacteria was narrow.     

Transcription of immune genes upon challenge with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in DNA vaccinated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Even though DNA vaccination has proven as one of the most effective methods in controlling fish rhabdoviruses, the immune mechanisms responsible for protection are still unknown. Many studies have focused on studying which cytokines and immune genes are triggered in response to the vaccine at different times post-vaccination. However, to elucidate the mechanism(s) responsible for protection, to our understanding it is also of great relevance to study the immune response to the virus in fish that have been previously vaccinated and compare it to the effects that the virus might have on non-vaccinated fish. This type of study has never been performed to date in fish. Thus, in the current work, we vaccinated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a DNA vaccine against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and 30 days post-vaccination we challenged the fish with a virulent VHSV. It was then, that we studied the immune response to the virus at very early times post-infection in fish, in order to compare the effects of VHSV on vaccinated or non-vaccinated trout. We studied the levels of expression of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ialpha and IIalpha genes, immunoglobulin M (IgM), CD8alpha, type I interferon (IFN), Mx, IFN-gamma and natural killer enhancing factor (NKEF) in head kidney, spleen and blood. When we compared the effect that VHSV had on vaccinated fish to the effect that the virus produced in fish vaccinated with the empty plasmid, the genes that were significantly up-regulated were IL-1beta and MHC IIalpha in the spleen at day 1 post-infection, MHC Ialpha in all organs at day 1 post-infection, and IFN and Mx in the spleen and blood at days 1 and 3 post-infection, respectively. Genes that correlate with an increased specific immune response were not significantly increased in response to VHSV in these vaccinated animals. The results suggest that DNA vaccination induces a memory state in fish that, on the contrary to what would occur in mammals, primes the non-specific immune responses upon a later encounter with the virus.