一种对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠认知和记忆功能具有明显改善作用的中药方剂

目的 :探索对阿尔茨海默病 (AD)病人认知和记忆能力具有明显改善作用的中药方剂。方法 :通过Balb/c小鼠侧脑室微量注射聚集态 β 淀粉样多肽 (β-AP_25-35) ,建立模拟AD的小鼠动物模型 ,并通过行为学实验和脑组织组织化学检测 ,研究了中医经典药方柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤、当归芍药散和作者自己研制的两种中药复方CHPI和CHPⅡ对该小鼠模型认知和记忆能力的疗效作用。同时 ,以西药脑复康做对照。结果 :CHPⅡ对AD模型小鼠的认知和记忆能力具有明显的改善。结论 :本研究提示从中药中寻找治疗AD的药物具有较好的前景。     

The CEC behaviour of several synthetic peptides related to the activin βA–βD subunits

Abstract: The resolution of several structurally related synthetic peptides, derived from the loop 3 region of the activin β_A–β_D subunits, has been studied using capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with Hypersil n‐octadecylsilica as the sorbent. The results confirm that the CEC migration of these peptides can be varied in a charge‐state‐specific manner as the properties of the background electrolyte, such as pH, salt concentration and content of organic modifier, or temperature are systematically changed. Acidic peptides followed similar trends in retention behaviour, which was distinctly different to that shown by more basic peptides. The CEC separation of these peptides with the Hypersil n‐octadecyl‐silica involved distinguishable contributions from both electrophoretic mobility and chromatographic retention. Temperature effects were reflected as variations in both the electro‐osmotic flow and the electrophoretic mobility of the peptides. When the separation forces acting on the peptides were synergistic with the electro‐osmotic flow, as, for example, with the positively charged peptides at a particular pH and buffer electrolyte composition, their retention coefficient, κ_cec, decreased with increasing capillary temperature, whereas when the separation forces worked in opposite directions, as for example with negatively charged peptides, their κ_cec values increased slightly with increasing temperature. Moreover, when the content of organic modifier, acetonitrile, was sufficiently high, e.g. > 40% (v/v) and nonpolar interactions with the Hypersil n‐octadecyl‐silica sorbent were suppressed, mixtures of both the basic and acidic synthetic peptides could be baseline resolved under isocratic conditions by exploiting the mutual processes of electrophoretic mobility and electrostatic interaction. A linear relationship between the ln κ_cec values and the volume fractions, ψ, of the organic modifier over a limited range of ψ‐values, was established for the negatively charged peptides under these isocratic conditions. These findings thus provide useful guidelines in a more general context for the resolution and analysis of structurally related synthetic peptides using CEC methods.     

Subjective and functional results after total gastrectomy: prospective study for longterm comparison of reconstruction procedures

Background: Many reconstruction procedures have been developed in efforts to resolve patients' complaints after total gastrectomy. However, there have been few reports of longterm comparisons between reconstruction procedures, especially with regard to the prevention of duodenal food passage. This study was undertaken to compare the longterm subjective and functional results among Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy (R-Y), R-Y with pouch (P-Y), and jejunal interposition with pouch (P-I) after total gastrectomy. Methods: Consecutive patients requiring curative total gastrectomy were enrolled in this prospective study by the envelope method. Results: Hospital stay was longer following a P-I than an R-Y or a P-Y. Over 50% of R-Y patients complained of heartburn, and 20% of R-Y patients showed dumping syndrome throughout the postoperative period, with this rate being significantly different from rates in the other two groups. P-Y patients complained of early satiety in the late postoperative period, while P-I patients complained of early satiety in the early postoperative period. The nutritional index in P-I patients was higher than those in patients with the other two procedures. Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary dual scintigraphy (GHDS) showed that the rate of bile reflux with an R-Y was relatively high after surgery. Food reflux with a P-Y was increased (9.4% to 11.1%), but with a P-I food reflux was decreased at 3 years after surgery (13.3% to 9.9%). Patients with a P-Y had a faster recovery of body, weight in the early postoperative period; however, at 5 years after operation, body weight recovery with a P-I was greatest. Conclusion: Reconstruction should be performed with pouch formation after total gastrectomy with curative intent. Received: March 7, 2002 / Accepted: September 26, 2002 Acknowledgments This study was partly supported by the University of Tsukuba Research Project. Offprint requests to: S. Adachi     

Long-term potentiation in the insular cortex enhances conditioned taste aversion retention

Long-lasting changes in synaptic strength, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), are thought to underlie memory formation. Recent studies on the insular cortex (IC), a region of the temporal cortex implicated in the acquisition and retention of conditioned taste aversion (CTA), have demonstrated that tetanic stimulation of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (Bla) induce LTP in the IC of adult rats in vivo, as well as, that blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors disrupts CTA and IC-LTP induction in vivo. Here, we present experimental data showing that induction of LTP in the Bla-IC projection previous to CTA training enhances the retention of this task. These findings are of particular interest since they provide support for the view that the neural mechanisms underlying neocortical LTP may contribute to memory related functions performed by the IC.     

A prospective randomized trial comparing transurethral resection of the prostate and laser therapy in men with chronic urinary retention: The CLasP study

PURPOSE: We assessed the effectiveness of laser therapy versus transurethral prostatic resection in men with symptomatic chronic urinary retention secondary to benign prostatic enlargement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This trial was multicenter, pragmatic and randomized. Analysis was done by intent to treat. Laser therapy involved neodymium:YAG noncontact visual prostate ablation, while transurethral prostatic resection was performed by standard electroresection. Patients were included in our study if they reported moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms with an International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) of 8 or more, benign prostatic enlargement and a persistent post-void residual urine volume of more than 300 ml. Followup was 7.5 months. Primary outcome measures included the I-PSS, I-PSS quality of life score, maximum urinary flow and post-void residual urine volume. Secondary outcome measures included treatment failure, complications, hospital stay and catheterization time. RESULTS: A total of 82 patients agreed to be randomized to receive laser therapy (38) or transurethral prostatic resection (44). There were significant improvements in all primary outcomes in each group from randomization to followup. Transurethral prostatic resection was significantly better than laser therapy for I-PSS and maximum urinary flow values (p = 0.035 and 0.029, respectively) but there were no differences in post-void residual urine volume and I-PSS quality of life score between the groups. We noted significantly more treatment failures with laser therapy than resection (8 versus 0, p = 0.0014), although only 3 patients required resection after laser therapy because of persistent symptoms. In addition, hospital stay after resection was 2-fold that after laser therapy (ratio of geometric means 2.01, 95% confidence interval 1.54 to 2.61, p <0.0001). However, time to catheter removal was 9 times longer in the laser therapy group (p <0. 0001). Complication rates were significantly higher for transurethral prostatic resection (chi-square 5.05, 1 df, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral prostatic resection is more effective than laser ablation in men with chronic urinary retention in terms of symptom score, maximum urinary flow and failure. However, men who underwent resection had significantly more treatment complications and were hospitalized longer than those who received laser therapy. This finding implies that laser ablation therapy may have a role in patients at higher risk who are willing to accept a lower level of effectiveness in exchange for decreased complication rates and hospital stay.     

Free radical scavengers, catalase and superoxide dismutase provide protection from oxalate-associated injury to LLC-PK1 and MDCK cells

PURPOSE: Current studies have provided evidence that exposure of renal epithelial cells to oxalate and calcium oxalate crystals induces lipid peroxidation and injures the cells. Since oxidant/antioxidant balance is likely to play a critical role, we determined the effect of antioxidant scavengers on production of free radicals and injury to LLC-PK1 and MDCK cells from exposure to oxalate (Ox) or Ox + calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LLC-PK1 and MDCK cells were grown in monolayers and exposed to 1.0 mmol. Ox or 1.0 mmol. Ox + 500 microg. /ml. COM crystals for 120 or 240 minutes. We measured the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a marker for cell injury and malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation. Superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were measured in the presence or absence of 400 U/ml. catalase, or superoxide dismutase (SOD). RESULTS: Exposure of LLC-PK1 cells to Ox resulted in a significant increase in MDA and release of LDH, which was further elevated when COM crystals were added. MDCK cells responded similarly to both challenges, but showed significantly less impact when compared with LLC-PK1 cells. Both treatments were associated with significant increase in the generation of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals by both cell types. In both cell lines, the addition of catalase or SOD significantly reduced the increase of MDA and release of LDH. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the present study indicate that both Ox and COM crystals are injurious to renal epithelial cells and the injury is associated with generation of free radicals. Cells of proximal tubular origin are more susceptible than those of distal tubules and collecting ducts. Free radical scavengers, catalase and SOD provide significant protection.     

磁性附着体覆盖义齿的临床效果评价

目的：评价采用磁性固位改善覆盖义齿固位的远期应用效果。方法：对21位患者采用磁性附着体覆盖义齿修复，并对义齿的固位、咀嚼、修复体使用情况的满意度以及义齿应用后出现的问题进行0．5～2．5年的随访。结果：磁性附着体可为覆盖义齿提供长期稳定的固位力且有助于基牙健康；21例义齿均正常使用，美观，咀嚼效能好，患者总体满意度高；应用磁力固位的覆盖义齿戴用后并发症较少。结论：磁性附着体能明显改善覆盖义齿的固位及咀嚼效率，具有良好的远期效果。     

全宫切除术后留置镇痛泵患者拔除尿管的临床探讨

目的探讨全宫切除术后留置镇痛泵患者24小时夹泵拔除尿管的适宜时机。方法选择我院妇科2005年6月至10月行全宫切除术后留置镇痛泵患者均于术后24小时夹泵120例，随机分成3组，每组40例，观察3组病人的排尿成功率、尿潴留、尿路感染率等情况。结果排尿成功率A组80％，B组97．5％，C组97。5％。尿潴留A组20％，B组2．5％，C组2。5％。尿路感染率A组2．5％，B组5％，C组20％。结论全宫切除术后留置镇痛泵患者24小时夹泵，术后30小时夹闭尿管后有尿意时拔除尿管可提高排尿成功率，降低尿潴留及尿路感染率的发生，是全宫切除术后留置镇痛泵患者拔除尿管的适宜时机。