医用回旋加速器机房放射防护与配套设施配置

本文首先阐述回旋加速器机房的工作流程、各个房间的布局、功能、防护要求,最后介绍了个人防护,以及购买设备中的注意事项。     

广东高本底辐射地区老年居民淋巴细胞永生化细胞系的建立

目的 建立辐射高本底地区老年居民外周血永生化细胞系,以保存高本底居民特有的基因组资源,为进一步开展天然本底辐射的遗传学和分子生物学研究提供材料。方法 在知情同意的情况下收集20例高本底地区老年男性居民的外周血样品,采用EB病毒转化技术,把外周血B淋巴细胞转化成永生化淋巴母细胞系,冻存复苏后,进行细胞活性检测和排除细菌、支原体污染,并用遗传学方法检测其建系前后的遗传稳定性。结果 成功建立20例40株细胞株,所有建成的细胞株冻存后复苏成功率为100%。活性细胞大于90%,无细菌和支原体污染,G显带分析结果为转化后第20代细胞的染色体核型未发生改变。结论 本研究建立的高本底地区老年居民永生细胞系在遗传学特性上是稳定的,可用于进一步的天然本底辐射的遗传学和分子生物学研究。     

射线诱发的恶性肿瘤及对组织学发生的探讨

本文报告了7例射线诱发恶性肿瘤及60例慢性放射性皮肤损伤活检材料。着重观察了慢性放射性硬肤损伤的增生性病变,包括重度表皮增生,假上皮瘤样增生,表皮不典型增生及纤维组织细胞的不典型增生。这些病理组织学表现,可能是癌前不同阶段的病变。根据组织学观察,射线皮肤损伤到发生恶性肿瘤,大致可分为四个阶段,即(1)坏死退变期,(2)良性增生期,(3)不典型增生期,(4)恶变期。皮肤增生性病变与照射后时间长短及照射累积剂量有关：照射后时间越长,增生性病变例数越多,照射剂量越大,增生性病变例数也有增多的倾向。     

有机锗的抗放射作用

ICR小鼠受致死量射线照射以后,接受有机锗治疗14天.剂量为500mg/kg的小鼠30天活存率比对照组提高37.5％;当Ce—132剂量为500mg/kg和1000mg/kg时,其内源性脾结节的数量明显地高于对照组。实验结果表明,Ce—132具有一定的治疗急性骨髓型放射病的作用和刺激内源性造血干细胞的增殖与分化作用。     

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and prostate in children

Fifteen children, 14 males and 1 female with a mean age of 4.9 years, were treated for rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and the prostate, between 1976 and 1985. In 14 patients, the disease was limited to the pelvis, while one had pulmonary metastases. The lesions were trigonal in 12 patients and involved the prostate in the other three. Eleven patients received vincristine-Adriamycin-cyclophosphamide (VAC) chemotherapy, followed by radiation therapy. Four of these 11 patients required cystoprostatectomy for residual or persistent disease. Of the remaining four patients, two underwent radical cystoprostatectomy, one partial cystectomy and the patient with pulmonary metastases received only chemotherapy. Six patients were alive at 5 years (40% 5-year survival). Six patients died of local relapse within 18 months, one patient died of an unknown cause, while two patients were lost to follow-up free of disease after 2 years.     

急性放射病患者骨髓巨核细胞中出现其它血细胞现象的观察

本文对l0例急性放射病;3倒亚急性放射病及4例一次超剂量外照射病人的骨髓涂片进行了观察与分析。发现巨核细胞中出现其它血细胞的规律与病情轻重及病期有关, 有助于急性放射病的分度诊断。巨核细胞中出现其它血细胞现象是血细胞落入巨核细胞分界膜系统内的一种共生现象, 但不排除有少数巨核细胞有吞噬作用。未见巨核细胞被噬现象。另外对产生上述现象的机理进行了讨论。     

Rectal Cancer: Changing Patterns Of Referral For Radiation Therapy 1982–1997

Background : The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the changing role of radiation therapy in rectal cancer and to determine the patterns of referral of patients during a 15‐year period. Methods : From 1982 to 1997, 464 patients with carcinoma of the rectum were referred to the Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; 79% of patients had locoregional disease alone and 21% had distant metastasis. Radiation therapy consisted of irradiation (definitive or palliative) alone to the primary tumour in 9.7% of cases; preoperative radiation in 7.3% of cases; preoperative chemoradiation in 7.5% of patients; postoperative radiation in 15.3% of patients; postoperative chemoradiation in 12.3% of patients; treatment of pelvic recurrence in 23.5% of patients and treatment of metastases in 9.1% of patients. The remainder were treated elsewhere (1.9%) or not treated (13.4%). Results : There was an average annual 14% increase in referrals over the accrual period. Recurrent rectal cancer decreased from approximately 30% of referrals during 1982–91 to approximately 10% in 1995–7. The use of postoperative adjuvant radiation reached a peak of 50% in 1993. The use of preoperative radiation increased suddenly in 1994 from < 10% to a sustained rate of approximately 30% of referrals. The use of chemoradiation commenced in 1990 for postoperative adjuvant treatment and in 1994 for preoperative treatment. The median survival time from initial diagnosis was 35 months, with 2‐ and 5‐year survival rates of 62 and 28%, respectively. Survivals at 5 years for patients treated with preoperative and postoperative radiation (with or without chemotherapy) and with recurrent disease were 56, 44 and 21%, respectively. Conclusions : The present study illustrates the changing role of radiation therapy in the management of rectal cancer. The increase in referrals over the observation period was due to increased multidisciplinary input into the initial management of these patients, based on reported clinical trials. The steady increase in the use of adjuvant therapy has paralleled a decrease in referrals for treatment of recurrence and reflects current clinical results. The sequencing of adjuvant therapy is changing currently, with greater emphasis on preoperative adjuvant treatment. Currently most adjuvant therapy includes chemotherapy.