Translation and validation of the Canadian diabetes risk assessment questionnaire in China

Objectives

To adapt the Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire for the Chinese population and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Design and Sample

A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 194 individuals aged 35–74 years from October 2014 to April 2015.

Methods

The Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire was adapted and translated for the Chinese population. Test–retest reliability was conducted to measure stability. Criterion and convergent validity of the adapted questionnaire were assessed using 2‐hr 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated to establish its predictive validity.

Results

The test–retest reliability was 0.988. Adequate validity of the adapted questionnaire was demonstrated by positive correlations found between the scores and 2‐hr 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests (r = .343, p < .001) and with the Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores (r = .738, p < .001). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.705 (95% CI .632, .778), demonstrating moderate diagnostic value at a cutoff score of 30. The sensitivity was 73%, with a positive predictive value of 57% and negative predictive value of 78%.

Conclusions

Our results provided evidence supporting the translation consistency, content validity, convergent validity, criterion validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the translated Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire with minor modifications. This paper provides clinical, practical, and methodological information on how to adapt a diabetes risk calculator between cultures for public health nurses.     

Analysis of Research and Scholarship Criteria Within Promotion and Tenure Documents of US Pharmacy Schools

Objective. To describe criteria for evaluating faculty scholarship within the promotion and tenure guidance documents of US schools and colleges of pharmacy.Methods. Promotion and tenure documents were obtained from the websites of US pharmacy schools or requested via electronic mail, and institutional characteristics were collected from publicly available online data. A qualitative content analysis was conducted to systematically catalogue document characteristics and criteria for promotion and tenure.Results. Promotion and tenure guidance documents from 121 (85%) of 142 pharmacy schools were analyzed. Institutions were 55% public and equally distributed across Carnegie institutional classifications as well as geographic and extramural funding stratifications. Publications (94%) and grants and contracts (87%) were the most frequently included criteria for faculty advancement. More than 50% of schools recognized the criteria within promotion and tenure guidance documents but did not explicitly require faculty to achieve them before receiving promotion and/or tenure. For institutions that required publications for advancement, the most frequently required criterion was publication in peer-reviewed journals (47%). Few schools (22%) documented a specific number of required publications.Conclusion. This analysis provides a comprehensive review of scholarship criteria in academic pharmacy promotion and tenure guidance documents. There was wide variability among scholarship criteria, and documents often lacked specific language defining scholarship requirements. As a result, faculty may find the documents less helpful for self-assessment and preparation toward promotion and/or tenure. These benchmark data can assist pharmacy faculty and administrators in developing and revising promotion and tenure guidance documents to include clear criteria and better align with peer institutions.     

Ubuntu: a Cultural Method of Mental Health Promotion

The context of this article is an indigenous knowledge system of health promotion. Visitors to South Africa have often remarked on a universal yet unique form of humanity they have experienced. Based on their shared experience as psychologists working together over many years in Zululand, the authors present a phenomenology of ubuntu as a deeply human, meaningful way of life and an original, cultural method of mental health promotion.     

初创社科类英文学术期刊国际影响力提升的探索与实践——以Financial Innovation为例

【目的】 探讨如何在稿源欠缺、显示度低、参与度差的情况下快速有效提升我国初创社科类英文学术期刊的国际影响力。【方法】 结合数据统计分析,结合《金融创新》(Financial Innovation)实际案例,归纳初创英文学术期刊提升国际影响力的途径及方法。【结果】 《金融创新》创刊5年中,跨越式实现从无到有,再到进入SSCI检索并进入学科Q1分区的进步。【结论】 前沿专刊筹措、邮件精准推广、期刊数据库挖掘是初创英文学术期刊在有限资源下取得突破、提升国际影响力的重要路径。     

School children's own views,roles and contribution to choices regarding diet and activity in Spain

Background Behaviours regarding food and activity are learned during childhood and continue throughout life. Children can be very important agents in making decisions concerning their own well‐being and care and their perspective is essential to understanding how they and/or others make choices for them to achieve a healthy lifestyle. However, their perspectives remain under‐researched. This study provides an insight into school children's own perspectives, behaviours and contribution to food and activity choices. Methods The paper reports on the findings from an ethnographic study with 38 Spanish children aged 5–7 years. Information was obtained through participant observations, diaries kept by children and group interviews. Data were analysed using techniques of analytical induction and constant comparison. Results The children who took part in this study described choices about activities with enthusiasm. Children saw activity as a way of learning new things, mastering skills and socializing. They were willing to try and experience new activities and games. However, the activities performed depended on parents' agendas and security issues. In contrast, children reported less interest in and active involvement in food choices. They contributed to family food choices indirectly through the expression of their preferences, not wanting to eat what they disliked or tasting new foods. Conclusion Children had strong preferences and motivations, particularly about activities which could be harnessed in interventions to prevent obesity and promote healthy diet and activity. Parental involvement and commitment is also important both to encourage exercise according to children's interests and active informed food choices, including introduction to unfamiliar foods.     

Promotion and Prevention in Child,Adolescent and Young People Mental Health: The Greek Experience of Participation in the Mental Health Network Programme of the European Commission

In 1997 the European Commission established the Mental Health Promotion Network to seek out, disseminate and promote best practice in mental health promotion and the prevention of mental disorders. The Network has commissioned a number of projects including two projects addressing the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Anticipated results included the establishment of criteria to identify good practice, development of a European database of good practice and widespread dissemination of good practice that could be implemented throughout the Community. The paper discusses the involvement and experiences of the staff employed in one organisation, from Greece, who have participated in the work Network, and highlights some of the difficulties faced and lessons learnt from participation in a multi-national project.     

La toma de decisiones en salud comunitaria a través del mapeo de activos en salud

This is a report about the experience on redefining the health asset mapping methodology. The aim of this experience consisted of making an analysis on health inequalities, as well as of using it as a tool in decision-making participative processes in the local administration area. Thus, a replicable procedure for all ages and groups was designed. Besides this, assets have been widely classified, in accordance with the territorial distribution, people's profiles and asset features. Both the upload of data to a geographical information system and the large amount of data gathered allowed us to enlarge the common interpretation of data and present the information in a dynamic way.