基于行动研究理论的健康教育在体外受精胚胎移植术后异位妊娠病人中的应用

[目的]探讨基于行动研究理论的健康教育对体外受精胚胎移植术后异位妊娠病人生育压力和生活质量的影响。[方法]采用随机数字表法将2018年1月—2018年9月深圳市某三级甲等综合医院生殖医学中心的102例体外受精胚胎移植术后异位妊娠病人分为观察组和对照组各51例,对照组采用常规护理健康教育,观察组采用基于行动研究理论的健康教育方法。采用生育压力量表(FPI)和生活质量量表(FertiQoL)比较两组病人干预后生育压力和生活质量状况。[结果]观察组病人干预后FPI评分低于对照组,FertiQoL评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]基于行动研究理论的健康教育方法有利于改善体外受精胚胎移植术后异位妊娠病人的压力状况,提高其生活质量。     

Gambling and Problem Gambling in Canada in 2018: Prevalence and Changes Since 2002

Objective:The purpose of this study was to provide an updated profile of gambling and problem gambling in Canada and to examine how the rates and pattern of participation compare to 2002.Method:An assessment of gambling and problem gambling was included in the 2018 Canadian Community Health Survey and administered to 24,982 individuals aged 15 and older. The present analyses selected for adults (18+).Results:A total of 66.2% of people reported engaging in some type of gambling in 2018, primarily lottery and/or raffle tickets, the only type in which the majority of Canadians participate. There are some significant interprovincial differences, with perhaps the most important one being the higher rate of electronic gambling machine (EGM) participation in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The overall pattern of gambling in 2018 is very similar to 2002, although participation is generally much lower in 2018, particularly for EGMs and bingo. Only 0.6% of the population were identified as problem gamblers in 2018, with an additional 2.7% being at-risk gamblers. There is no significant interprovincial variation in problem gambling rates. The interprovincial pattern of problem gambling in 2018 is also very similar to what was found in 2002 with the main difference being a 45% decrease in the overall prevalence of problem gambling.Conclusions:Gambling and problem gambling have both decreased in Canada from 2002 to 2018 although the provincial patterns are quite similar between the 2 time periods. Several mechanisms have likely collectively contributed to these declines. Decreases have also been reported in several other Western countries in recent years and have occurred despite the expansion of legal gambling opportunities, suggesting a degree of inoculation or adaptation in large parts of the population.     

Online and offline video game use in adolescents: measurement invariance and problem severity

Background: Despite the increasing popularity of video game playing, little is known about the similarities and differences between online and offline video game players. Objectives: The aims of this study were (i) to test the applicability and the measurement invariance of the previously developed Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ) in both online and offline gamers and to (ii) examine the differences in these groups. Methods: Video game use habits and POGQ were assessed in a sample of 1,964 (71% male) adolescent videogame players. Those gamers who played at least sometimes in an online context were considered “online gamers,” while those who played videogames exclusively offline were considered “offline gamers.” Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the measurement invariance across online and offline videogame players. According to the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model, online gamers were more likely to score higher on overuse, interpersonal conflict, and social isolation subscales of the POGQ. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that online and offline gaming can be assessed using the same psychometric instrument. These findings open the possibility for future research studies concerning problematic video gaming to include participants who exclusively play online or offline games, or both. However, the study also identified important structural features about how online and offline gaming might contribute differently to problematic use. These results provide important information that could be utilized in parental education and the prevention program about the possible detrimental consequences of online vs. offline video gaming.     

Comparison between burning mouth syndrome patients with and without psychological problems

The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and socio-demographic characteristics between burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients with and without psychological problems. Of 644 patients with symptoms of oral burning, 224 with primary BMS were selected on the basis of laboratory testing, medical history, and psychometric tests: 39 with psychological problems (age 62.5 ± 11.5 years) and 185 without psychological problems (age 58.4 ± 11.4 years). Comprehensive clinical and socio-demographic characteristics, including psychological profiles and salivary flow rates, were compared between the two groups. No significant difference in sex ratio, duration and diurnal pattern of symptoms, unstimulated whole saliva flow rate, or marital status was found between the groups. The patients with psychological problems had a significantly higher mean age, reduced stimulated whole saliva flow rate, and lower level of education than those without psychological problems. The patients with psychological problems also displayed higher rates and greater severity of various types of BMS-related symptom in most parts of the oral mucosa, higher rates of stress-related symptoms, and greater difficulties in daily activities. The severity of taste disturbance was the factor most significantly correlated with the level of psychometry. In conclusion, psychological problems in BMS patients are associated with an aggravation of BMS symptoms.     

An integrative view of Luria’s perspective on arithmetic problem solving: The two sides of environmental dependency

Introduction: A. R. Luria was the first author to hypothesize that executive dysfunction can lead to specific deficits in arithmetic problem solving, showing that patients’ performance depends on the structure of the tasks. Cummings (1995. Anatomic and behavioral aspects of frontal-subcortical circuits. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 15, 1–13) proposed the term “environmental dependency” to define such behavioral disorders triggered by the characteristics of the test and pointed out also the role of executive impairments. Few studies compare executive functioning and problem solving in brain-damaged patients, and none have examined the question from this point of view. Thus, the main aim of the present paper was to study the relationship between environmental dependency and executive functions. Method: Fifty neurological patients with frontal, subcortical, and posterior brain lesions were compared to 45 matched healthy controls and were divided into two groups (dysexecutive/nondysexecutive) according to their performances on executive tasks. Then, we confronted the results of the two groups on an experimental protocol designed in accordance with Luria’s proposals. We made also comparisons between groups on the basis of lesion location. Results: Our findings indicate a high association between executive functions and environmental dependency, showing that dysexecutive patients’ performances were dependent on task demands. In addition, a specific frontal behavior not associated with executive functions and characterized by the solving of insoluble problems was highlighted. Conclusion: The discussion focused on the interest to take into account the methodological and clinical contributions of environmental dependency. Based on our findings and theoretical arguments, we highlight the need to fractionate this concept.     

Rumination in problem drinkers

The present study explored the role of the general tendency to ruminate as a predictor of problem drinking (alcohol abuse) in clinical and community samples. A sample of 36 patients with a diagnosis of problem drinking and 37 social drinkers from the general population were compared on the following measures: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) and Quantity Frequency Scale (QFS). Mann-Whitney U-tests, and logistic and hierarchical regression analyses were performed on the data. Mann-Whitney U-tests revealed that depression, rumination and alcohol use were significantly higher for problem drinkers than for social drinkers. The logistic regression analysis indicated that rumination was an independent predictor of classification as a problem drinker over and above depression. Finally, the hierarchical regression analysis on the combined samples showed that rumination independently predicted alcohol use. These results highlight the potential relevance of targeting the general tendency to ruminate in the treatment of problem-drinking behaviour.     

Attitudes Toward Alcoholism Among a Group of College Students

More and more investigations regarding attitudes toward alcoholism are being reported, as awareness of the importance of this variable in, for example, the treatment of alcoholism is heightened. Many of the studies are concerned with the attitudes of professionals towards alcoholism and alcoholics. Almost the entire remainder of this body of literature deals with the attitudes of the general public concerning alcoholism. Only the former group of studies include any significant concern with students, e.g., medical students (Chodorkoff, 1967) and student nurses (Ferneau, 1967; Chodorkoff, 1969). This may be a manifestation of a belief that only professionals are involved in the treatment of alcoholism. We know, of course, that this is not so: professionals operate in a societal context of norms, sanctions, and mores.     

Screening for distress in patients with cancer: methodologic considerations

Distress has been declared the 6th vital sign in Canadian cancer care. Accordingly, health care professionals in Canada are expected to screen for distress in patients with cancer, for which a toolkit has been developed. Identifying patients who may be in need of further resources has the potential to improve quality of care because those patients are more likely to have their existing distress identified and to be referred for appropriate follow-up services. The present article briefly reviews the background literature and the validation of the measures in the toolkit, and highlights future directions for methodologic validation of the toolkit for use according to the protocol.     

针对性护理对标本采集质量的影响

目的：分析针对性护理对标本采集质量的影响。方法收集本院2011年1月～2012年1月行检验标本采集的1000人作为参考组（未实施针对性护理），收集2012年2月～2013年2月行检验标本采集的1000人作为观察组（实施针对性护理），比较两组护理问题的总发生率。结果观察组护理问题（标本量不足、患者准备不充分、标本留取不规范、送检不及时、其他）的总发生率明显低于参考组（P＜0.05）。结论在检验标本采集中，医护人员要采取有效措施，从而减少存在的问题，提高检验质量。