Avulsion and replantation of a primary incisor tooth

Avulsion of a primary tooth is a serious dental trauma, and the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology and textbooks in paediatric dentistry do not recommend replantation. Such management can result in severe damage to the supporting structures, and together with avulsion itself is commonly associated with developmental disturbances of the permanent tooth. We report the case of replantation in a 9‐month‐old child with a successful outcome, in a unique situation where conditions were optimal and careful long‐term follow up was possible.     

学龄前儿童牙面色素沉着形成原因及与龋病关系的研究

目的了解学龄前儿童牙面色素沉着形成的原因及其形成与乳牙龋病的关系。方法于2012年5—6月随机选取青岛市市南区3所公立幼儿园的434名3—6岁乳牙列儿童,由2名医生按WHO推荐的龋齿检查方法,对其进行龋齿及牙面色素检查,并对儿童家长进行关于儿童饮食结构及习惯、口腔卫生、刷牙习惯、用药史等方面的调查,调查结果采用SPSS15．0统计软件进行分析。结果学龄前儿童牙面色素沉着发生率为14．75％,男、女性儿童差异无统计学意义（13．95％VS15．53％,Х^2=0．21,P〉0．05）;有色素儿童患龋率为43．75％,无色素儿童患龋率为62．7％,二者比较差异有统计学意义（Х^2=8．16,P〈0．05）;色素的发生与进食含色素的食物或饮料的频率、进食海产品的频率以及使用抗生素的频率有关。结论学龄前儿童牙面色素沉着形成原因复杂,并且其形成与龋病发生呈负相关。     

Laterality of central venous sampling: lack of effect on the accuracy of intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine if laterality of internal jugular vein (IJV) sampling affects the accuracy of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) monitoring during parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Methods

In this study, 109 patients underwent parathyroidectomy (82 with unilateral disease, 27 with multigland disease). PTH samples were taken from both the left and the right IJV at these time points: preincision (baseline) and then at 5, 10, and, in selected patients, 20 minutes after excision. The Miami criterion was used to determine operative success.

Results

In all 109 patients combined, the mean decreases in intraoperative PTH levels were 73.8 ± 22.2% for the left IJV and 71.9 ± 23.0% for the right IJV (P = .22). The Miami criterion was met in 105 patients: in 100 (95%) left IJV samples and 99 (94%) right IJV samples (P = 1.00).

Conclusions

No difference was found in the accuracy of intraoperative PTH monitoring between patients' left and right IJV samples. Central venous laterality did not affect fulfillment of the Miami criterion.     

Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Cysts: a Case Report

Parathyroid cysts are infrequent lesions of which most are non-functional. They are often misdiagnosed as thyroid cysts. Pre-operative diagnosis and differentiation from thyroid cysts is generally difficult. We hereby report a case that was admitted to the emergency room and was diagnosed as hypercalcemic crisis. The mass found during the neck examination was thought to be a thyroid nodule. A right total and left subtotal thyroidectomy was performed. Palpable thyroid nodule was diagnosed as cystic parathyroid adenoma postoperatively. When a cystic lesion is found in the neck of a patient, a pararthyroid cyst should be considered.     

非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平对急性冠状动脉综合征患者事件的预测价值

目的:探讨非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者事件的预测价值。方法:对2008-2010年期间324例出院的ACS患者进行随访,通过多元Logistic回归方法分析血清基线non-HDL-C水平对随访期间初级终点事件(全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死及卒中)及次级终点事件(Ⅳ级心功能衰竭和再血管化治疗)的相关性。结果:①初级终点事件组患者血清non-HDL-C水平高于未发生事件组患者[(3.75±1.12)mmol/L∶(3.07±0.69)mmol/L,P<0.05]。②多因素Logistic回归分析发现,血清基线non-HDL-C对初级终点(OR值2.996,95%CI1.269～7.072,P=0.012)和全因死亡(OR值2.983,95%CI 1.189～7.482,P=0.020)的发生有预测价值,但对次级终点事件的发生无预测价值。结论:血清non-HDL-C对ACS患者初级终点事件及全因死亡的发生有预测价值,可以作为监测ACS预后及指导调脂治疗的重要临床指标。     

中国肝癌发病趋势和一级预防

原发性肝癌是全球最常见的癌症,发病率有特别大的地理变异,约82％的病例发生在发展中(欠发达)国家,特别是东亚、北亚和南亚,撒哈拉南部的非洲国家;而中亚和西亚,北欧和东欧是肝癌的低发区.全球原发性肝癌发病率位居癌症发病之第6位(男性第5位,女性第7位),由于肝癌有较高的致死率,因此其死亡率位居癌症死亡之第3位(男性第2位,女性第6位).在发展中国家,男女性肝癌的发病率分别位居第3位和第6位,死亡率分别位居第2位和第5位[1,2].     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化与肝血瘀证

目的:探讨原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)与肝血瘀证的关系.方法:根据我们制定的肝血瘀证辨证标准,将肝血瘀证划分为轻度、中度、重度3型,通过对84例PBC患者进行肝血瘀证辨证,探讨PBC患者肝血瘀证的发生率,且设40例正常人作为对照组,考察PBC肝血瘀证患者与非肝血瘀证患者及正常人的免疫学指标.结果:84例PBC中肝血瘀证患者71例(84.5％),其中轻度22例(26.2％),中度25例(29.8％),重度24例(28.5％);非肝血瘀证患者13例(15.5％).两组患者具体症状体征出现的频率则以舌质紫暗、舌下静脉曲张以及面部、齿龈及眼周紫黑为高,在84例PBC患者中所占比例分别为59.5％和57.1％.肝血瘀证与非肝血瘀证两组患者的免疫指标CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、IgG、IgM、IgA、B因子均异于正常对照组(P＜0.05),但两组之间差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);补体C3、C4不仅两组异于正常对照组(P＜0.05),且两PBC组间差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05),肝血瘀证者降低更为明显.结论:研究表明PBC患者中肝血瘀证者占84.5％,且与免疫功能异常密切相关.     

加味茵陈蒿汤联合熊去氧胆酸治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化的临床研究

目的:观察加味茵陈蒿汤联合熊去氧胆酸治疗30例原发性胆汁性肝硬化临床分期为早中期患者的临床疗效。方法:60例患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各30例。两组均给予基础治疗,对照组患者同时口服熊去氧胆酸胶囊15～20mg.kg-1.d-1;治疗组患者在对照组基础上加服加味茵陈蒿汤,1剂/d,疗程均为24周。观察治疗前后两组患者的临床疗效、肝功能(γ-GT、ALP、ALT、AST、TBil)、免疫指标(IgM、IgG及IgA)的变化。结果:治疗结束时,治疗组26例(86.7%)患者得到完全反应,与对照组19例(63.3%)比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后肝功能(γ-GT、ALP、ALT、AST、TBil)均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),治疗组治疗后肝功能下降明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗后两组患者免疫指标IgM、IgG、IgA均较前有所下降,经比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:加味茵陈蒿汤联合熊去氧胆酸治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化,较单用熊去氧胆酸疗效更好,并能明显改善患者的肝功能。     

阿司匹林与心脑血管疾病一级预防:2011新进展

充分的循证医学证据证实阿司匹林在心脑血管疾病的一级预防、二级预防及急性期治疗中有明确的疗效,从而使得阿司匹林成为心脑血管疾病防治的基础用药。因证据充分,阿司匹林是目前惟一被指南推荐用于一级预防的抗血小板药物。在过去的