专科护理质量指标在呼吸内科使用吸入剂患者管理中的应用

目的探讨专科质量指标在呼吸内科使用吸入剂患者管理中的应用。方法以专科疾病特点及循证为基础,建立吸入剂使用前评估、吸入剂使用方法、吸入剂使用宣教及交接班四个方面的护理质量标准与细则,运用这四个方面的专科指标对呼吸内科使用吸入剂患者进行护理质量管理。比较专科护理指标实施前(2015年3月)与实施半年后(2015年9月),吸入剂使用护理质量中评估正确率、操作使用方法正确率、患者及家属对吸入剂相关知识的掌握率和交接班的合格率的情况。结果专科质量指标实施后,吸入剂使用护理质量中评估正确率、操作使用方法正确率、患者及家属对吸入剂相关知识的掌握率和交接班的合格率均高于实施前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论吸入剂专科质量指标的实施,能有效的提高呼吸专科优质护理质量,进一步提高专科护士的业务素质,且该指标的数据易于收集,指标和标准基于科学文献于临床实践,是有效和可靠的,具有科学性和可行性。     

Do family physicians need more payment for working better? Financial incentives in primary care

IntroductionFinancial incentives are widely used in health services to improve the quality of care or to reach some specific targets. Pay for performance systems were also introduced in the primary health care systems of many European countries.ObjectiveOur study aims to describe and compare recent existing primary care indicators and related financing in European countries.MethodsLiterature search was performed and questionnaires were sent to primary care experts of different countries within the European General Practice Research Network.ResultsTen countries have published primary care quality indicators (QI) associated with financial incentives. The number of QI varies from 1 to 134 and can modify the finances of physicians with up to 25% of their total income.ConclusionsThe implementations of these schemes should be critically evaluated with continuous monitoring at national or regional level; comparison is required between targets and their achievements, health gains and use of resources as well.     

胸痹心痛病因病机研究述评

目的：探讨胸痹心痛病因病机及其各证型与临床检测指标相关性。方法：收集整理并归纳、总结古今中外关于胸痹心痛病因病机理论研究、冠心病的病理机制及危险因素研究以及胸痹心痛各证型与临床检测指标相关性的研究资料。结果：胸痹心痛相当于西医的冠心病,系因胸阳不振,阴寒痰浊留踞胸廓,或心气不足,鼓动乏力,使气血痹阻,心失血养所致,以胸闷及发作性心胸疼痛为主要表现的内脏痹病类疾病。病机上焦阳虚,阴邪上乘,邪正相搏。现代医学研究表明,冠心病的发生与炎症反应、超敏C-反应蛋白、D-二聚体、胱抑素-C、热休克蛋白60、冠心病易感基因、脂联素等密切相关。关于胸痹心痛各证型与临床检测指标相关性研究方面,学者们做了很多有益的尝试并取得可喜进展,但观点并不统一。结论：胸痹心痛各证型与临床检测指标相关性方面,有待进一步研究。     

Amphetamine Prescribing as a Harm Reduction Measure: A Preliminary Study

The study evaluated prescribing dexamphetamine for injecting primary amphetamine users. Subjects were prescribed dexamphetamine, up to 40mg daily, dispensed up to six times weekly. The treatment group were those 63 clients who had been prescribed dexamphetamine and fulfilled the study criteria. The control group comprised all 25 clients who fulfilled the same criteria but who had attended the service before dexamphetamine prescribing began. Three questions were addressed: does prescribing amphetamine attract high risk users, does it retain them in contact with the service and does it change behaviour. There were statistically significant increases in the number and proportion of amphetamine users attending the service and in the duration of contact with the treatment group. There were statistically significant reductions in the quantity and frequency of illicit amphetamine use, benzodiazepine use, money spent on drugs, injecting, needle sharing and track marks among the treatment group. Dexamphetamine prescribing merits further study.     

Maturing Out of Narcotic Addiction in New York City

The effect of methadone maintenance on criminal behavior remains ambiguous, in part because of major methodological problems with most studies. We attempted to approach the problem more precisely than previous studies by comparing official police arrest records of 100 heroin addicts for 1 year before admission with those for 1 year after admission. The total number of criminal charges decreased from 189 before admission to 129 after admission. Excluding vagrancy, because of a change in police arrest practice, we found only a 14% reduction in criminal charges. A statistically significant decrease of 40% occurred in one category, burglary and theft. Arrest frequencies were generally correlated with other outcome measures such as employment status and continuation in methadone treatment. The results suggest a modest reduction in criminal behavior as a result of methadone maintenance, with insignificant reduction in crime not directly related to narcotic addiction.