基于CT和MRI膝关节有限元模型建立与不同载荷下生物力学特性分析

基于CT和MRI图像数据建立膝关节有限元模型,采用六面体网格对不同载荷系统下人体膝关节生物力学特性进行研究,并进行有效性验证。建立膝关节有限元模型包括:股骨、胫骨、髌骨、腓骨、股骨软骨、胫骨软骨、腓骨软骨、半月板、前后交叉韧带、内外侧副韧带、髌韧带和股四头肌腱等。对膝关节施加1 kN轴向压缩载荷、134 N后向抽屉力和5、10、15 N[?m内翻力矩和外翻力矩,分析膝关节内软骨和半月板的接触应力和接触面积,股骨内外翻倾角以及位移变化情况。在1 kN压缩载荷和134 N抽屉力作用下,股骨软骨、内外侧半月板和内外侧胫骨软骨的接触应力峰值分别为4.47、3.25、2.83、2.70、2.53 MPa,Von Mises应力峰值分别为2.22、2.44、2.25、2.07、1.64 MPa。股骨相对胫骨前向位移为4.19 mm。施加5、10、15 N[?m内翻和外翻力矩时,股骨内翻和外翻倾角分别为3.49°、4.48°、4.91°和3.22°、3.62°、4.01°。随着力矩的线性增大,膝关节各组成部分的应力呈非线性变化趋势。膝关节软骨、半月板和韧带的研究结果符合其生物力学特性,与前人数值分析和实验研究结果相一致,可为临床膝关节生理病理分析和治疗提供一定的理论依据。     

盆底补片用于骶棘韧带固定术的临床疗效

目的探讨盆底补片用于骶棘韧带固定术(SSLF)对盆底支持结构的有效性和安全性。方法选取64例中盆腔缺陷患者,采用双盲法随机分为观察组(31例)和对照组(33例)。观察组采用“Y”形补片实施SSLF,对照组采用传统SSLF。比较2组患者围术期相关指标、并发症、手术前后阴道轴向变化、POP-Q分期以及Aa、Ap、Ba、Bp、C指示点位置变化。采用盆底障碍影响简易问卷7(PFIQ-7)、盆底功能障碍问卷简短版20(PFDI-20)、视觉模拟量表(VAS)及POP-Q分期评价疗效。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。观察组手术时间、术中出血量均短/少于对照组(P<0.05),2组患者并发症、肛门排气时间、尿管留置时间、住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6、12个月POP-Q分期以及Aa、Ba、Ap、Bp、C指示点位置组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组阴道轴向右侧偏离角度小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者PFIQ-7和PFDI-20评分较术前均下降(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论SSLF采用补片重建阴道顶端的盆底支持结构,可克服坐骨棘深藏、术野狭窄、操作困难等问题,且具有快捷、微创、治愈率高的特点,对于全身状况欠佳的中盆腔缺陷患者安全、有效。     

直立式聚丙烯输液袋壁厚度对输液性能影响的数值研究

目的研究直立式聚丙烯输液袋（简称直立式输液袋）壁厚度对袋体输液性能的影响,寻求输液袋各参数随壁厚度改变的变化规律。方法针对标示容量为100、250、500mL3种直立式输液袋,分别设置4种不同壁厚度（n2、n3、0．4、0．5mm）,采用有限元方法模拟排液过程．研究直立式输液袋应力分布、实际加药空间及排空率等参数的变化规律。结果在标示容量一定的条件下．100mL的直立式输液袋应力随壁厚度变化不显著;250mL直立式输液袋随壁厚度的增加应力逐渐减小．最大应力降幅为65％：500mL直立式输液袋壁厚度为0-2～0．3mm时,应力变化不明显,而壁厚度由0．3mm到0．5mm,最大应力下降28％。3种直立式输液袋的实际加药空间、排空率和袋壁接触面积均随壁厚度的上升而降低,100mL直立式输液袋为27％、11％和67％,250mL直立式输液袋为54％、11％和38％,500mL直立式输液袋为49％、11％和43％。结论综合考虑应力分布、实际加药空间、排空率和袋壁接触面积等参数的变化规律,直立式输液袋壁厚度不宜过大。在所考虑的壁厚度参数中．最佳壁厚度为0．2mm,但最终的壁厚度确定还需要综合考虑直立式输液袋的透气、透湿性和抗穿刺能力等因素。     

Reoperation with laparoscopic mesh repair for recurrent lumbar hernia due to iliac crest bone harvest

Previous reports have described laparoscopic mesh repair for lumbar hernia due to iliac crest bone harvest, but there have been no reports of reoperation with laparoscopic mesh repair for recurrent cases after laparoscopic mesh repair. Here, we describe the case of a 72-year-old Japanese woman with lumbar hernia recurrence 6 years after laparoscopic mesh repair for lumbar hernia due to iliac crest bone harvest. We performed a successful reoperation with laparoscopic mesh repair. Laparoscopic surgery should be considered to elucidate the mechanism of recurrence, previous mesh position, and the area that must be covered to prevent recurrence again.     

Laparoscopy-assisted repair with Ventralex ST Hernia Patch for a small subcostal hernia: A case report

A 55-year-old woman with a history of right hepatic lobectomy via a Benz incision presented for evaluation of a new abdominal bulge in the right upper quadrant. We diagnosed an incisional hernia, but because we could neither reduce the hernia contents nor locate the orifice, we performed a laparoscopic evaluation. Laparoscopy revealed subcostal herniation of the greater omentum via a 2-cm defect on the caudal side of the right ribs, which we repaired using a Ventralex ST Hernia Patch. Laparoscopic placement of this mesh with straps allowed for reliable deployment, fixation, and confirmation of defect closure, including the cranial aspect—often a major challenge in subcostal hernia repair.     

微孔钛网应用于犬牙槽骨增量术中的实验研究

目的探究微孔钛网在犬下颌牙槽骨增量术中的作用效果。方法选择6只成年健康杂种犬,建立双侧下颌牙槽骨缺损动物模型。将每只犬的左侧下颌牙槽骨缺损区作为第Ⅰ组,右侧作为第Ⅱ组。两组均采用GBR+自体骨修复牙槽骨缺损,第Ⅰ组采用微孔钛网,第Ⅱ组采用海奥口腔修复膜。观察植骨术后4周、8周、12周时两组大体标本、Masson染色、HE染色、荧光素标记、CT三维重建后骨微结构参数的结果。结果术后12周第Ⅰ组及第Ⅱ组植骨区域表面均形成明显新生软骨组织,移植骨与原骨之间界限模糊,其中第I组新生成骨面积略大于第Ⅱ组,新生成骨形态略优于第Ⅱ组,其它方面大体标本上肉眼观察结果差异不明显,两组牙槽嵴高度比较也无显著差异(P>0.05)。Masson染色及HE染色显示两组均有明显新生骨组织、骨小梁生成。术后12周两组骨矿化率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。术后12周两组骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度、骨体积比较也无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论微孔钛网在犬下颌牙槽骨缺损的GBR手术中能获得良好成骨效果,临床中可根据患者具体情况,合理应用。     

Reliability and accuracy assessment of morphometric measurements obtained with software for three-dimensional reconstruction of brain aneurysms relative to cerebral angiography measures

ObjectiveTo analyze the reliability and accuracy of morphological measurements of software employed to three-dimensionally reconstruct aneurysms and vessels (VMTKlab, version 1.6.1,) with computed tomography angiography (CTA) as the source of images. Agreement with measurements from three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3 D-DSA) was evaluated.MethodsWe evaluated 40 patients presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We analyzed four main variables of the aneurysm morphology: absolute height (size), neck (maximum neck width), perpendicular height, and maximum width. The CTA images were uploaded to the software and then segmented to reconstruct the aneurysm. This new method was compared to the current gold standard—3D reconstruction of pretreatment cerebral angiography. We used intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot analyses to evaluate the agreement between these methods.ResultsThe ICCs obtained for absolute height, neck, perpendicular height, and maximum width were 0.85, 0.57, 0.85, and 0.89, respectively. This implied good agreement except for the neck of the aneurysm (moderate agreement). Bland-Altman plots are presented for the four indexes. The average of the differences was not significant in terms of absolute height, perpendicular height, and maximum width indicating good agreement. However, it was significant for the neck of the aneurysm.ConclusionsWe report good agreement between the values generated using VMTKlab and cerebral angiography for three of the four main variables. Discrepancies in neck diameter are not surprising and its underestimation with a traditional delineation from cerebral angiography has been reported before.     

三维塑型钛网颅骨成形术在颅骨缺损修复中的应用

目的研究三维塑型钛网颅骨成形术在颅骨缺损修复中的效果。方法将45例额颞部颅骨缺损患者随机分为观察组(n=29)和对照组(n=16),观察组采用三维塑形钛网行颅骨成形术,对照组采用二维钛网人工塑形进行颅骨修补。比较2组美容满意度相关指标。结果术后随访3个月,观察组颅骨修补侧和健侧头型对称29例,颞肌塌陷1例;对照组颅骨修补侧和健侧头型对称12例,颞肌塌陷4例,头皮感染6例,线结外露5例,钛网翘起或外露3例,皮下积液3例。2组美容满意度相关指标和发生常见并发症患者例数比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论三维塑型钛网颅骨成形术常见并发症发生率较低,患者美容满意度较高。