大鼠在体肠灌流模型中补骨脂素的吸收研究

目的：研究补骨脂素在大鼠小肠的吸收特性及其机制,探讨其在临床上血药浓度差异较大的原因。方法：采用改良大鼠在体单向肠灌流模型,通过颈静脉插管补充血液、肠系膜静脉插管采集血样,同时收集灌流流出液,以反相高效液相色谱法测定补骨脂素含量,计算其通透率。结果：补骨脂素在大鼠小肠内通透率较高,吸收较好。不同浓度的补骨脂素灌流时均以约30%的比例吸收入血,且通透率Plumen,Pblood在所测浓度范围内基本保持不变。结论：补骨脂素在大鼠小肠的转运机制为被动转运,不受P-糖蛋白的影响,临床上血药浓度个体差异大可能与肝脏的首过效应有关,而非小肠吸收代谢所致。     

总谷胱甘肽的测定方法

本文介绍了测定谷胱甘肽总含量的循环法。原理是,在NADPH和GR维持谷胱甘肽总量不变的条件下,GSH和D7NB反应,生成TNB的速率与样品中总谷胱甘肽量呈正比。由于采用了γ-GT抑制剂和快速测定,克服了人血浆中谷胱甘肽含量极低,离体后消退极快,不易准确测定的困难。本法灵敏度可达0.1μM左右,回收率为93～106％。     

151例男性精浆和血浆FSH、LH、T和PRL的放射免疫测定

本文报告151例男性精浆和血浆FSH、LH、T和PRL放射免疫测定结果。被检对象:正常生育力男性49例,少精症27例、精子活率低下症12例,无精症12例,输精管结扎8例及服棉酚避孕药者43例。测定结果:精浆激素正常值:FSH2.251±0.945mIU/ml,LH14.665±3.904mIU/ml,T 0.483±0.327ng/ml,PRL 11.901±7.012ng/ml;在少精症、无精症中血浆和精浆FSH的比值(B/S)升高;各组精浆LH值均无明显变化,精浆中T和PRL在少精症、精子活率低下症及服棉酚避孕药者有明显升高;输精管结扎后的男性精浆中FSH、LH、T和PRL值和正常生育力男性比较无明显变化。本文对血浆和精浆FSH、LH、T和PRL的测定结果及临床意义进行讨论。     

高效液相色谱法检测人血浆中的依托泊甙

本文指出一种地球化学闭合模型的热中子瞬发活化伽马分析方法，它是地球化学测井的核心技术，而标准谱的获得、基于标准谱的加权最小二乘解谱方法、灵敏度刻度及地球化学闭合模型是这一方法的关键环节。我们在模拟井场条件下，对这一方法进行了实验研究。用Ｎａｌ（Ｔ１）探测器获得了Ｆｅ，ＳＩ，Ｃｌ，Ｈ等元素的标准谱，并进行解说拟合和灵敏度刻度；同时，用高纯锗探测器进行了分析对照。     

Eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester supplementation in cachectic cancer patients and healthy subjects: effects on lipolysis and lipid oxidation

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Recent reports suggest that weight loss in cachectic cancer patients may be inhibited by supplementation of the n-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA), presumably due to inhibition of lipolysis. The aim of the present double-blind, randomized trial was to assess whether short-term oral EPA ethyl ester (EE) supplementation inhibits lipolysis and lipid oxidation in weight-losing cancer patients and in healthy subjects. METHODS: Seventeen weight-losing, cancer patients of different tumor types, and 16 healthy subjects were randomized to receive EPA-EE (6 g/d) or placebo (oleic acid (OA)-EE; 6 g/d) for seven days. At baseline (day 0) and during supplementation (days 2 and 7) whole-body lipolysis and palmitic acid release were measured in the overnight fasting state using [1, 1, 2, 3, 3-(2)H(5)]glycerol and [1-(13)C]palmitic acid. Palmitate oxidation was determined by measuring(13)CO(2)enrichment in expired breath. RESULTS: No significant effects of EPA-EE on whole-body lipolysis, palmitic acid release, or palmitate oxidation were detected in cancer patients nor in healthy subjects in comparison with OA-EE. EPA-EE supplementation reduced plasma-free fatty acid and triacylglycerol concentrations significantly in healthy subjects but not in cancer patients. CONCLUSION: We conclude that supplementation of EPA-EE does not significantly inhibit lipolysis or lipid oxidation in weight-losing cancer patients or in healthy subjects during short-term supplementation when using OA-EE as a placebo supplement.     

急性白血病患者血浆16种游离氨基酸含量的检测

使用ＨＩＴＡＣＨＩ８３５－氨基酸自动分析仪对３０例急性白血病患者治疗前，１８例治疗后骨髓完全缓解和３３例合格献血员检测了血浆１６种游离氨基酸的含量。结果显示：１．３０例急性白血病患者治疗前血浆总游离氨基酸明显高于对照组（ｐ＜０．０１），其中谷氨酸、蛋氨酸水平明显升高（ｐ＜０．０５），丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸９种游离氨基酸也明显高于对照组（ｐ＜０．０１）。２．１８例急性白血病患者经治疗骨髓完全缓解血浆总游离氨基酸仍维持在治疗前的高水平。含硫氨基酸水平显著下降趋于正常，而组氨酸水平却高于治疗前。同时对急性白血病患者血浆游离氨基酸的变化进行了初步探讨。     

Nicotine and Cotinine Concentrations in the Nursing Mother and Her Infant

ABSTRACT. Twenty-two smoking mothers and their healthy newborn infants (mean postnatal age of 3.7 days) was studied in the maternity ward. A close correlation was found (r=0.94) between nicotine concentrations in the mothers' plasma and milk after smoking, the milk: plasma ratio being 2.9. The amount of nicotine transferred to the infant increased from 0.09 to 1.03 μg/kg infant body weight when mothers smoked before breast-feeding. The daily dose of nicotine via the mothers' milk was 6 μg per kg infant body weight. Cotinine but not nicotine concentrations in the plasma and milk of the mothers and the urine of the infants reflected the smoking habits of the mothers during pregnancy. There was no correlation between nicotine and cotinine concentrations in the infant's urine and the amount of nicotine given to the infant via the mother's milk.     

Prevalence and manifestations of endometritis among women with cervicitis

Thirty-five women referred from a clinic treating sexually transmitted diseases, because of suspected cervicitis, were studied for the presence of endometritis by transcervical endometrial biopsies and cervical and endometrial cultures. Fourteen (40%) of the patients had histologic evidence of endometritis. Findings that significantly correlated with endometritis included a history of intermenstrual vaginal bleeding, the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or Streptococcus agalactiae in the cervix, and the presence of serum antibodies to C. trachomatis or to Mycoplasma hominis.     

Influence of the Maternal Plasma Glucose Concentration at Delivery on the Risk of Hypoglycaemia in Infants of Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Mothers

Plasma glucose concentrations at birth and at two hours of age were measured in 53 infants of insulin-dependent mothers (IDMs). The plasma glucose concentrations at delivery were measured in the mothers of 17 IDMs and in the remaining 36 mothers, glucose was estimated by interpolation from concentrations achieved just before and after delivery. Clinical and laboratory data from the two groups were otherwise similar, so the groups were combined for further analyses. The maternal plasma glucose at delivery correlated positively with the glucose concentration of the IDMs at birth (Q=0.82, p <0.001) and negatively with the glucose concentration at two hours of age (Q= -0.46, p <0.001). Maternal plasma glucose concentration was higher in mothers delivered by caesarean section than in vaginally delivered mothers ( p <0.05). Eleven IDMs became hypoglycaemic at two hours of life (plasma glucose ≥1.7 mmol/1). These infants had higher cord plasma glucose concentrations at birth than those who remained normoglycaemic; the maternal glucose concentration was also higher. None of the IDMs became hypoglycaemic if the maternal glucose concentration at delivery was less than 7.1 mmol/l. In 28 IDMs the simultaneous plasma concentrations of non-antibodybound immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were recorded. Cord plasma IRI correlated with glucose and IRI at two hours of age (Q=-0.73, p <0.001 and Q=0.77, p <0.001, respectively). Cord plasma IRI was higher in IDMs who became hypoglycaemic than in the remaining infants. The results suggest that among the factors which may be responsible for neonatal hypoglycaemia in IDMs a major factor may be the maternal plasma glucose concentration at the time of delivery.