Nd—YAG激光在可摘局部义齿基牙预备的应用

为了解决可摘局部义齿修复过程中牙本质过敏基牙预备的困难和戴牙后加重磨耗等问题，于１９９１年起，对２０例（３０颗）牙本质过敏基牙在预备前、后进行了Ｎｄ－ＹＡＧ激光治疗。经过０．５～４年的临床观察，结果表明该疗法可以明显减轻患者在基牙预备时的敏感与不适，使得基牙预备顺利完成且无副作用，治疗后支托窝与隙卡沟均无明显磨耗。根据本研究结果，建议将Ｎｄ－ＹＡＧ激光治疗作为对可摘局部义齿的牙本质过敏基牙预备的常规方法，对健康基牙亦可在预备后应用。     

Rh phenotype prediction by DNA typing and its application to practice

The complexity of the RHD and RHCE genes, which is the greatest of all blood group systems, confounds analysis at the molecular level. RH DNA typing was introduced in 1993 and has been applied to prenatal testing. PCR-SSP analysis covering multiple polymorphisms was recently introduced for the screening and initial characterization of partial D. Our objective is to summarize the accrued knowledge relevant to the approaches to Rh phenotype prediction by DNA typing, their possible applications beyond research laboratories and their limitations. The procedures, results and problems encountered are highly detailed. It is recommended that DNA typing comprises an analysis of more than one polymorphism. We discuss future directions and propose a piecemeal approach to improve reliability and cost-efficiency of blood group genotyping that may eventually replace the prevalent serology-based techniques even for many routine tasks. Transfusion medicine is in the unique position of being able to utilize the most extensive phenotype databases available to check and develop genotyping strategies.     

Intraoperative measurement of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time with a new compact monitor

A prospective study was conducted to evaluate a new compact portable coagulation monitor (Ciba–Corning Biotrack 512 Monitor), which enables the clinician to perform instantaneous activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT). 126 patients scheduled for heparinized and nonheparinized vascular surgery, and gynaecological surgery, were included. A drop of capillary or venous whole blood was applied in disposable cartridges to successively perform APTT and PT, and the results of the tests were compared with conventional laboratory methods, performed in two different laboratories (Lab. A and B). Comparisons between Lab. A. and Lab. B. enables determination of the bias, precision, and percent of outliers (patients whose values differed more than 20%) in conventional methods. The reference value was defined as the mean of Lab. A. and Lab. B. values. For PT, there were no statistical differences between the capillary and venous samples performed with the portable monitor, and the reference value, for the bias, the precision and the proportion of outliers. For APTT, there were no statistical differences between the capillary and venous samples performed with the portable monitor, and the reference value, for the bias and the precision. The percent of outliers, however, was significantly greater with the venous sample of the compact monitor than with the reference (48 versus 22%), and even if it did not reach the statistical significance ( P = 0.07) it was also higher with the capillary sample performed with the Ciba Monitor than with the reference (33%). In conclusion the assessment of blood coagulation using this new compact monitor could be of major interest during the intraoperative period when immediate results are mandatory, even if PT is more accurate than APTT with this new method.     

ASSESSMENT OF THE PREVALENCE INDEX ON SIGNS OF COMBINATION SYNDROME IN PATIENTS TREATED AT BAURU SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY,UNIVERSITY OF SAO PAULO

A group of destructive changes occurring in jaws in patients with maxillary complete dentures and mandibular removable partial dentures (bilaterally) has been described in the literature as the combination syndrome. However, this condition is not clinically observed in all patients. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence index on signs of combination syndrome and to verify whether these changes also occurred in patients rehabilitated with a mandibular removable partial denture (unilaterally). Sample was composed of 44 patients, completely edentulous in the maxilla. Thirty-two patients had a Kennedy Class I removable partial denture and 12 a Kennedy Class II. Three major alterations were observed in 20.5% of the studied population. Nevertheless, these changes were present only in 25% of patients with Kennedy Class I removable partial denture. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that patients with Kennedy Class II removable partial denture do not have similar signs that lead to the combination syndrome’s condition.     

“凝血抑制物”影响骨折患者凝血功能的探讨——附12例骨折患者凝血试验结果分析

目的:对骨折患者凝血功能的改变进行探讨。方法:凝固法测凝血酶原时间(PT),活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT),凝血酶时间。结果:患病组的PT和APTT较正常对照组有显著延长,且不能被正常新鲜血浆纠正。结论:骨折患者凝血异常多因凝血抑制物增多所致。     

Partial k-space reconstruction in single-shot diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging.

Partial k-space sampling is frequently used in single-shot diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (DW-EPI) to reduce the TE and thereby improve the SNR. However, it increases the sensitivity of the technique to bulk rotational motion, which introduces a phase gradient across the tissue that shifts the echo in k-space. If the echo is displaced into the high spatial frequencies, conventional homodyne reconstruction fails, causing intensity oscillations across the image. Zero-padding, on the other hand, compromises the image resolution and may cause truncation artifacts. We present an adaptive version of the homodyne algorithm that detects the location of the echo in k-space and adjusts the center and width of the homodyne filters accordingly. The adaptive algorithm produces artifact-free images when the echo is shifted into the high positive k-space range, and reduces to the standard homodyne algorithm in the absence of bulk motion.     

A 2‐year report on maxillary and mandibular fixed partial dentures supported by Astra Tech dental implants. A comparison of 2 implants with different surface textures.

In 50 partially edentulous patients, 133 (48 maxillary; 85 mandibular) Astra Tech dental implants of 2 different surface textures (machined; TiO‐blasted) were alternately installed, supporting 52 fixed partial dentures (FPDs). Before abutment connection 2 machined implants (1 mandibular; 1 maxillary) were found to be non-osseointegrated and were replaced. Another implant could not be restored due to a technical complication. Two FPDs were remade because of technical complications, both because of abutment fractures. Thus, after 2 years in function, the cumulative survival rates were 97.7% and 95.7% for implants and prostheses, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in survival rate between the 2 types of implants, 100%(TiO‐blasted) vs 95.3%(machined), P =0.24. After 2 years in function, when both jaw and type of implants were combined, the mean (SD) marginal bone loss was 0.24 (0.69) mm. No statistically significant difference in bone loss was found between the 2 tvues of implant after 2 years of loading, 0.04 (0.82) mm, P >0.30.     

Pharmacokinetics of xamoterol after intravenous and oral administration to volunteers

Summary The pharmacokinetics of xamoterol, a -adrenoceptor partial agonist under clinical evaluation for the treatment of mild to moderate heart failure, have been studied in 12 healthy male subjects. They received 14 mg i.v. and oral doses of 50 and 200 mg as a tablet and 200 mg as a solution in a 4 way cross-over design.After i.v. dosing the elimination half-life was 7.7 h, the total body clearance was 224 ml·min^–1 and the volume of distribution at steady-state (V_ss) was 48 l. Sixty-two percent of the dose was recovered unchanged in urine. After oral doses, the absolute bioavailability of xamoterol was shown to be 5% irrespective of whether the dose was administered as a tablet or solution. Peak plasma concentrations occurred at about 2 h for the tablet dose and slightly earlier (1.4 h) for the solution. Peak plasma concentration, AUC and urinary recovery of unchanged drug increased in proportion to dose. The apparent elimination half-life after oral doses (16 h) was significantly longer than that observed after an intravenous dose.Despite the low bioavailability, the degree of inter-subject variability of oral bioavailability was small probably indicating that the controlling factor is the hydrophilic nature of the molecule rather than extensive first pass metabolism or poor dissolution of xamoterol from the tablet formulation.     

Limited long-term naive CD4+ T cell reconstitution in patients experiencing viral load rebounds during HAART

Long-term (3.5 years) immune reconstitution in relation to viral load response was determined. Plasma HIV-1 RNA was suppressed in 40 patients (full responders) up to 42 months, and 17 patients achieved partial response. The measurements of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocyte subsets (CD45RA, CD45RACD62L, CD45RO, CD28, CD38) were carried out by flow cytometry. Full responders had a significant increase of CD4⁺ and all CD4⁺ T subsets both up to 6 and from 6 to 42 months, while the increase for partial responders was only up to 6 months. By 6 months, higher slopes were observed in full versus partial responders in the % of CD28 on CD4⁺ and the % of CD4⁺ memory subset and in both naïve and memory CD4⁺ subsets from 6 to 42 months. The percentage of CD8⁺ and its subsets was decreased significantly in full responders both up to 6 and from 6 to 42 months (except for an increase in the CD8⁺CD45RA⁺ CD62L⁺ cells), while in partial responders this decrease was only up to 6 months. Lower slopes were observed in full versus partial responders from 6 to 42 months in the percentages of CD8⁺, CD8⁺CD45RO⁺, CD8⁺CD28⁻, and CD8⁺CD38⁺ T cells. In conclusion, full responders have a stronger long-term naive CD4⁺ T cell subset reconstitution than partial responders. J. Med. Virol. 73:235–243, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.