碱性成纤维细胞生长因子与垂体腺瘤增殖及侵袭能力的关系

利用免疫组织化学方法检测 5 1例人类垂体腺瘤标本的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)与增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)蛋白表达。结果显示 ,在 2 9例 (5 6 9% )垂体腺瘤标本中检测到bFGF呈中等强度以上的阳性表达 ;bFGF表达水平与PCNA标记指数呈正相关 ;在无功能腺瘤中 ,bFGF的表达与肿瘤侵袭性相关 ,但在激素分泌性腺瘤中两者相关性不明显。提示bFGF可能参与了垂体腺瘤的增殖过程及部分腺瘤的侵袭过程。     

结直肠锯齿状腺瘤的临床特征及恶变影响因素分析

目的锯齿状腺瘤被公认为结直肠癌的癌前病变,锯齿状通路被认为是可以独立发展成结直肠癌的重要通路,但目前对于锯齿状腺瘤恶变的相关危险因素还知之甚少。本文旨在分析锯齿状腺瘤在结直肠中的分布特点及潜在恶变因素。方法采用病例对照研究方法,回顾性收集2017年4月至2019年7月期间在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院行肠镜检查并经病理诊断为锯齿状腺瘤患者的临床资料,排除同时具有两种及以上病理类型病变的患者。总结锯齿状腺瘤的临床特征,并进行单因素和Logistic多因素回归分析,探讨锯齿状腺瘤发生恶变的影响因素。结果共在28730例行肠镜检查患者中,发现311例(1.08%)锯齿状腺瘤患者,共发现锯齿状腺瘤372枚。按WHO分类,无蒂锯齿状腺瘤/息肉22枚(5.9%),传统锯齿状腺瘤84枚(22.6%),未分类锯齿状腺瘤266枚(71.5%)。病理结果显示:无异型增生病变106枚(28.5%),低级别上皮内瘤变病变228枚(61.3%),高级别上皮内瘤变或癌变38枚(10.2%)。病变长径<10 mm有204枚(54.8%),≥10 mm有168枚(45.2%);病变位于左半结直肠238枚(64.0%),右半结肠134枚(36.0%)。内镜下大体分型:扁平型16枚(4.3%),无蒂型174枚(46.8%),亚蒂型117枚(31.5%),带蒂型59枚(15.9%)。窄带成像国际结直肠内镜(NICE)分型:Ⅰ型85枚(22.8%),Ⅱ型280枚(75.3%),Ⅲ型4枚(1.1%)。单因素分析显示,病变大小、病变位置、病变部位及不同WHO分类与结直肠锯齿状腺瘤发生恶变有关(均P<0.05);不同NICE分型的锯齿状腺瘤,其恶变率的差异亦有统计学差异(P=0.001)。多因素分析结果显示,病变长径≥10 mm(OR=6.699,95%CI:2.843~15.786)以及病变位于左半结直肠(OR=2.657,95%CI:1.042~6.775)是结直肠锯齿状腺瘤发生恶变的独立危险因素。结论锯齿状腺瘤主要位于左半结直肠,当病变长径≥10 mm或病变位于左半结直肠时,易发生恶变。     

超声造影评估继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症结节功能

目的分析超声造影(CEUS)评估继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(SHPT)结节功能的价值。方法回顾性分析16例SHPT(16枚结节),观察其CEUS特点;获取结节长宽乘积、总亮度计数(TBC)及时间-强度曲线(TIC)相关参数,包括绝对峰值强度(API)、相对峰值强度(RPI)、达峰时间(TTP)及上升支斜率(BPAS)等,分析其与全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)及钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶水平的相关性。结果二维超声声像图显示SHPT结节边界清晰,呈圆形或椭圆形,其中9枚为低回声-无回声囊实性结节,6枚为实性低回声结节,1枚呈等-低混合回声。CEUS示9枚呈高增强,相应患者血清iPTH为1 639.80(1 328.80,2 144.80)pg/ml; 7枚呈低增强,患者血清iPTH为974.20(211.00,1 221.80)pg/ml,差异有统计学意义(U=53.000,P=0.023)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,iPTH与BPAS(r~2=0.341,P=0.003)、RPI(r~2=0.465,P=0.002)及TBC(r~2=0.485,P=0.002)均呈正相关,与TTP呈负相关(r~2=0.790,P=0.001),与结节长宽乘积(r~2=0.029,P=0.248)及API(r~2=0.065,P=0.175)无明显相关性;CUES参数与钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶水平均无明显相关性(P均0.05)。结论 CEUS可用于初步预测SHPT结节的分泌功能。     

超声引导下热消融治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的有效性及安全性:Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析评价超声引导下热消融治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(SHPT)的有效性及安全性。方法检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普数据库及万方医学网中热消融治疗SHPT相关文献,检索时间自建库至2020年8月。依据纳入及排除标准筛选文献。采用ReveMan 5.3软件对消融前后血清全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)、钙、磷水平及并发症行Meta分析。结果共纳入19篇文献、634例SHPT患者。热消融术后1天、1周、1个月及6个月,血清iPTH水平、钙及磷水平均较术前下降(P均0.01)。术后声音嘶哑发生率14.08%[OR=6.99,95%CI(3.00,16.26)],低钙血症发生率34.62%[OR=38.59,95%CI(16.64,89.47)]。结论超声引导下热消融治疗SHPT安全有效。     

利用CT表现鉴别肾上腺隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤和皮质腺瘤

目的探讨如何利用CT表现对肾上腺隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤和肾上腺皮质腺瘤进行鉴别诊断。方法收集2010年1月至2020年1月期间中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的177例肾上腺肿瘤患者进行回顾性分析,对比各组患者之间的一般临床资料和CT表现。结果隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤56例、皮质醇腺瘤32例、醛固酮腺瘤44例、无功能腺瘤45例,隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤组在肿瘤侧别上与无功能腺瘤组差异有统计学意义,在肿瘤最大直径、平扫CT值、动脉期和延迟期增强CT值上均显著大于三组肾上腺腺瘤组。以肿瘤直径≥2.95 cm诊断隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.872,敏感度为87.5%,特异性为76.0%;当平扫CT值≥24.5 Hu时,AUC为0.929,敏感度为94.0%,特异性为82.5%;当动脉期增强CT值≥89.5 Hu时,AUC为0.886,敏感度为72.7%,特异性为90.6%;当延迟期增强CT值≥82.5 Hu时,AUC为0.937,敏感度为84.6%,特异性为95.3%;联合以上四个指标时,AUC为0.981,阈值为≥0.118,敏感度为100%,特异性为90.6%。结论以肿瘤直径2.95 cm、平扫CT值24.5 Hu、动脉期增强CT值89.5 Hu和延迟期增强CT值82.5 Hu为阈值对肾上腺隐匿型嗜铬细胞瘤有较好的鉴别诊断价值。     

Multifocal Parotid Oncocytic Cystadenomatosis: A Rare Process that Can Mimic Malignancy

Multifocal cystic oncocytosis (MCO) is a rare, benign process accounting for approximately 0.1% of salivary gland lesions. Salivary oncocytosis is characterized by multiple unencapsulated solid nodules of oncocytic cells derived from transformed striated ducts. MCO is a variant of salivary oncocytosis which manifests as cystically dilated striated ducts. It is difficult to obtain a definitive preoperative diagnosis of MCO; therefore, these lesions are commonly treated with surgery. We report the unique case of a 66-year-old male who previously underwent a superficial left parotidectomy for a pleomorphic adenoma. Four years later, he presented with clinical and radiographic suspicion of a multifocal recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. The patient subsequently underwent a revision parotidectomy. However, final pathology confirmed a diagnosis of MCO. Although MCO is commonly treated with surgery due to lack of a definitive preoperative diagnosis, surgery is unnecessary outside of diagnostic, functional or cosmetic considerations. Thus, if a patient with parotid oncocytosis treated by superficial parotidectomy develops disease re-manifestation in the residual deep lobe, further surgery is not indicated. There is no risk of malignant progression in this process. We report on this unusual entity as it may mimic salivary malignancy or, as in this case, recurrence of benign disease.     

A case report of a rare nasopharyngeal myoepithelial dominant pleomorphic adenoma

IntroductionPleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland neoplasm. The majority of cases occur in the major salivary glands; however, they can also originate from the minor salivary glands. The nasopharynx is an uncommon site, but it has been reported in the literature. The characteristic difference of our report from the literature is the young age of our patient and his previous unremarkable medical or surgical history.The objective of this report is to present a case of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma, discuss radiological and histopathological findings and treatment options.Case presentationHerein we report a case of a 25-year-old male patient presenting with a long-term history of snoring, mouth breathing, and progressive left nasal obstruction. After examining the patient and confirming the diagnosis, patient successfully underwent tumor resection using a combined transnasal/transoral endoscopic approach with no complications following surgery and significant improvement of the previously reported symptoms.DiscussionPleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands can occur anywhere throughout the distribution sites of these glands such as: along the upper aerodigestive tract, parapharyngeal fat spaces, soft palate, the sinonasal, and nasopharyngeal areas.ConclusionThe occurrence of pleomorphic adenoma in uncommon sites has been reported in the literature, and the nasopharynx is considered to be one of these uncommon sites. The mainstay of treatment for nasopharyngeal pleomorphic adenoma is surgical excision as they can grow to giant sizes if left untreated.     

自发性高血压大鼠甲状旁腺的异常表现

观察自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）的甲状旁腺。发现在其腺体中除大量正常的主细胞外，还具有一种特殊的新型细胞。这些细胞的形态不规则，边界不清。ＨＥ染色后胞浆比主细胞着色深，核的形态不规则且染色更暗。此种细胞在甲状旁腺中成团状分布，与主细胞形成鲜明的对比。另外，经实验证实在ＳＨＲ的血浆中存在一种特殊的高血压因子（ＨＦ），可以使正常大鼠的血压产生延迟性升高，其高峰在４５ｍｉｎ出现，此特点与血中已知的增压物质的即刻效应和延期出现的效应有本质的不同。因此，推论这种具有独特的理化性质和生理功能高血压因子的来源与甲状旁腺有密切关系。