广州市越秀区托幼机构流感样病例暴发疫情经济负担评估和流感疫苗卫生经济学评价

目的 对广州市越秀区学龄前儿童的流感经济负担进行评估,并针对流感疫苗开展卫生经济学评价,为制定免疫规划策略提供依据。方法 以广州市越秀区托幼机构2019年1—6月发生的9起流感样病例暴发疫情的患病儿童为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方式开展经济负担评估,并以其中1起暴发疫情为基础建立SEIAR动力学模型,模拟不同接种策略下的疫情趋势,评价其经济学效益。结果 患病儿童总经济负担人均1 293.56（95% UI:1 096.23~1 592.84）元,其中直接医疗费用人均422.56（95% UI:320.71~555.29）元,直接非医疗费用人均125.95（95% UI:82.41~188.80）元,间接经济损失人均797.03（95% UI:661.50~938.76）元。在流行季前接种1剂次三价流感疫苗,每投入226.19元,可减少1例流感病例,每投入1元,可获得5.72元效益;接种2剂次三价流感疫苗,每投入178.77元,可减少1例流感病例,每投入1元,可获得7.24元效益;接种四价流感疫苗,每投入315.83元,可减少1例流感病例,每投入1元,可获得4.10元效益。结论 广州市越秀区托幼机构流感样病例暴发疫情经济负担较高,如在流行季前接种2剂次三价流感疫苗,可以获得正效益和最好的效益成本比。     

基于GBD数据的中美德尘肺病疾病负担对比

目的基于GBD 2017与美国、德国及全球对比分析中国尘肺病疾病负担情况,为中国尘肺病防治攻坚战以及职业健康保护行动寻求努力方向和改革措施。方法主要采用流行病学描述方法分析GBD 2017中1990—2017年中国、美国、德国和全球尘肺病疾病负担指标的特征和趋势,对比尘肺病疾病负担的差异。根据数据分析造成尘肺病的主要原因,根据文献探讨了防控政策的完善提高。结果1990—2017年中国尘肺的患病率由12.96/10万上升到20.45/10万,增幅为57.79%;伤残导致的疾病负担则由1.95/10万上升到3.05/10万,增幅为56.41%;2017年中国尘肺病YLL/DALY为82.60%,早逝造成的寿命损失仍是中国尘肺病疾病负担的主要组成。2017年中国职业性接触硅的标化DALY率、标化YLL率各占总的环境职业因素负担的66.19%、72.62%,高于美国(30.24%、35.06%)、德国(52.17%、52.65%)与全球(50.95%、54.80%)。1990—2017年中国、美国、德国与全球尘肺病的标化DALY率总体均呈下降趋势,降幅分别为51.99%、37.69%、58.33%、48.20%,但2017年中国的标化DALY率(12.57/10万)仍高于美国(4.10/10万)、德国(3.45/10万)、全球(6.32/10万)。结论我国尘肺病的疾病负担仍高于美国、德国与全球,需要学习防控成效较好国家的经验,加强法律法规,以粉尘管控为重点防制尘肺病。     

2型糖尿病患者自我管理、饮食依从性、心理负担与血糖水平的相关研究

目的 了解2型糖尿病患者的自我管理知识态度行为、饮食依从性、心理负担的现状,探讨其与血糖水平之间的关联。 方法 采用随机抽样法选取2019年9月—2020年10月在潍坊市某三甲医院就诊的2型糖尿病患者330例为调查对象,应用一般资料调查表、人体指标检测表、糖尿病患者自我管理知识态度行为评价简化量表、糖尿病患者饮食行为依从性测评量表、糖尿病痛苦量表进行问卷调查,采用二元logistic回归分析自我管理、饮食依从性、心理负担的影响因素,应用Spearman相关分析自我管理、饮食依从性、心理负担的相关性,采用多重线性逐步回归分析血糖水平的影响因素。结果 330例研究对象中HbA1c<7%者共99例(30.00%),自我管理合格、饮食依从性合格、略微心理负担者分别为184、189、150例(占比:55.76%、57.27%、45.45%)。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,居住地(OR=0.495,95%CI:0.280～0.874)、病程(OR=1.771,95%CI:1.421～2.206)、因糖尿病住院次数(OR=2.481,95%CI:1.396～4.408)、是否接受过专业系统宣教(OR=3.649,95%CI:1.239～10.751)、药物饮食运动联合控制(OR=4.354,95%CI:2.419～7.838)是自我管理的影响因素;年龄(OR=1.525,95%CI:1.119～2.078)、性别(OR=2.543,95%CI:1.465～4.415)、是否接受过专业系统宣教(OR=3.085,95%CI:1.368～6.960)、药物饮食运动联合控制(OR=11.910,95%CI:6.323～22.432)是饮食依从性的影响因素;年龄(OR=0.739,95%CI:0.559～0.979)、病程(OR=0.543,95%CI:0.449～0.657)是心理负担的影响因素。自我管理与饮食依从性、与心理负担,饮食依从性与心理负担相关(r=0.586、-0.443、-0.168,P<0.05)。多重线性逐步回归分析结果显示,饮食依从性、握力、药物饮食运动联合控制、心理负担是2型糖尿病患者血糖水平的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 2型糖尿病患者血糖水平与饮食依从性、心理负担、联合控制方式等密切相关;制定综合防控措施,着力提高饮食依从性,提升握力水平,有助于糖尿病患者维持良好的血糖水平。     

Estimate of Burden and Direct Healthcare Cost of Infectious Waterborne Disease in the United States

Provision of safe drinking water in the United States is a great public health achievement. However, new waterborne disease challenges have emerged (e.g., aging infrastructure, chlorine-tolerant and biofilm-related pathogens, increased recreational water use). Comprehensive estimates of the health burden for all water exposure routes (ingestion, contact, inhalation) and sources (drinking, recreational, environmental) are needed. We estimated total illnesses, emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, deaths, and direct healthcare costs for 17 waterborne infectious diseases. About 7.15 million waterborne illnesses occur annually (95% credible interval [CrI] 3.88 million–12.0 million), results in 601,000 ED visits (95% CrI 364,000–866,000), 118,000 hospitalizations (95% CrI 86,800–150,000), and 6,630 deaths (95% CrI 4,520–8,870) and incurring US $3.33 billion (95% CrI 1.37 billion–8.77 billion) in direct healthcare costs. Otitis externa and norovirus infection were the most common illnesses. Most hospitalizations and deaths were caused by biofilm-associated pathogens (nontuberculous mycobacteria, Pseudomonas, Legionella), costing US $2.39 billion annually.     

石家庄市居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病检出情况及影响因素研究

目的探讨石家庄市居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病检出情况及影响因素。方法2021年9—12月采用整群随机抽样方法抽取石家庄市3个社区,对抽中社区的所有居民进行问卷调查和肺功能检查。利用描述流行病学方法分析社区人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病现状。应用单、多因素方法分析影响慢性阻塞性肺疾病发生的危险因素。结果共2348名居民完成问卷调查和肺功能检查,其中男1205人,占51.32%,女1143人,占48.68%,年龄31~76岁。共有146例检出慢性阻塞性肺疾病,检出率为6.22%,其中轻度69例,占47.26%,中度54例,占36.99%,重度23例,占15.75%,未检出极重度者。检出来的症状分布中,以咳嗽及咳痰的比例较高,分别为52.05%(76例)和49.32%(72例)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄≥40岁(OR=1.705、1.936)、男性(OR=3.404)、居住在农村(OR=2.469)、偶尔或经常吸烟(OR=1.592、1.800)、有职业粉尘接触史(OR=2.179)、有哮喘家族史(OR=3.164)、有慢性阻塞性肺疾病家族史(OR=5.170)、有呼吸道反复感染史(OR=3.414)是石家庄市居民慢性阻塞性肺病患病的影响因素。结论石家庄市居民的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病情况不容乐观,且危险因素众多。重点针对中老年、吸烟、农村、有各种相关家族史的男性高危人群开展早期筛查和采取针对性干预措施,有助于对居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病进行防控。     

1990—2019年中国丙型病毒性肝炎疾病负担评估

 目的 分析1990—2019年中国丙型病毒性肝炎疾病负担变化趋势与流行现状,为推动消除丙型病毒性肝炎行动提供科学依据。方法 利用2019全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2019)数据,分析中国人群丙型病毒性肝炎发病、患病、伤残调整生命年(DALY)及寿命损失年(YLL)的30年变化趋势与现状,应用GraphPad Prism 8.0作图。结果 2019年,中国丙型病毒性肝炎疾病总负担之标化DALY率约101/10万人年;急性丙型病毒性肝炎标化发病率约47/10万;丙型病毒性肝炎相关慢性肝病的发病率高峰在40~44岁,标化患病率约1 247/10万。1990—2019年,丙型病毒性肝炎总标化发病率和标化患病率均于2015年降到波谷,之后4年急转上升;标化DALY率30年持续下降。结论 丙型病毒性肝炎疾病负担以丙型病毒性肝炎相关慢性肝病为主;因直接抗病毒药物治疗周期短、疗效好,建议加大宣传力度,加强丙型病毒性肝炎筛查,推进健康中国建设。     

Projected Economic Burden of Periprosthetic Joint Infection of the Hip and Knee in the United States

BackgroundIn addition to the significant morbidity and mortality associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), the cost of treating PJI is substantial. Prior high-quality national estimates of the economic burden of PJI utilize data up to 2009 to project PJI growth in the United States through 2020. Now in the year 2020, it is appropriate to evaluate these past projections and incorporate the latest available data to better understand the current scale and burden of PJI in the United States.MethodsThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002-2017) was used to identify rates and associated inpatient costs for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) and PJI-related revision TKA and THA. Poisson regression was utilized to model past growth and project future rates and cost of PJI of the hip and knee.ResultsUsing the most recent data, the combined annual hospital costs related to PJI of the hip and knee were estimated to be $1.85 billion by 2030. This includes $753.4 million for THA PJI and $1.1 billion for TKA PJI, in that year. Increases in PJI costs are mainly attributable to increases in volume. Although the growth in incidence of primary THA and TKA has slowed in recent years, the incidence of PJI and the cost per case of PJI remained relatively constant from 2002 to 2017.DiscussionUnderstanding the current and potential future financial burden of PJI for surgeons, patients, and healthcare systems is essential. There is an urgent need for efficacious preventive strategies in reducing rates of PJI after THA and TKA.     

Liver transplantation versus liver resection for colorectal liver metastasis: a survival benefit analysis in patients stratified according to tumor burden score

Liver transplantation (LT) for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) may provide excellent survival rates in patients with unresectable disease. High tumor load is a risk factor for recurrence and low overall survival (OS) after liver resection (LR). We tested the hypothesis that LT could offer better survival than LR in patients with high tumor load. LR performed at Padua University Hospital for CRLM was compared with LT for unresectable CRLM performed both at Oslo and Padua. High tumor load was defined as tumor burden score (TBS) ≥ 9, and inclusion criteria were as in the SECA-I transplant study. 184 patients were eligible: 128 LRs and 56 LTs. 5-year OS after LR and LT was 40.5% and 54.7% (P = 0.102). In the high TBS cohort, 5-year OS after LR and LT was 22.7% and 52.2% (P = 0.055). In patients with Oslo score ≤ 2 and TBS ≥ 9 (13 LR; 24 LT) the 5-year OS after LR and LT was 14.6% and 69.1% (P = 0.002). The corresponding disease-free survival (DFS) was 0% and 22.9% (P = 0.005). Selected CRLM patients with low Oslo score and high TBS could benefit from LT with survival outcomes that are far better than what is achieved by LR.