A genetic and environmental time series analysis of blood pressure in male twins

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured on 254 monozygotic (MZ) and 260 dizygotic (DZ) male twin pairs, during middle age (average age 48 years) and at two later age points. Genetic and environmental components of covariation were modeled by time series. For both measures, shared environmental influences were absent and specific environmental influences were largely time-specific. Although heritability was about 0.5 at each time point, genetic variation present at middle age contributed only about 60% to that present 9 years later, the remaining 40% being new. Fifteen years later, at the third time point, no new genetic variation was evident, variation in individual differences being entirely attributable to genetic differences laid down at the two earlier ages. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

中西医结合治疗坏死性筋膜炎

本文积累了１９８１～１９９４年近十余年的临床资料，总结了中西医结合治疗坏死性筋膜炎的临床治疗经验。指出坏死性筋膜炎是一种少见的严重的软组织感染，发展迅速，病死率高，应引起临床医生的高度警惕，做出早期诊断是非常必要的。提出了扶正祛邪的中西医结合的整体治疗方案，全身治疗与局部处理相结合。对患处要采取早期，这时的多切口引流，给＂邪＂以出路。取得良好的疗效。     

应把防治医患纠纷作为临床医德教育的重要内容

不断强化医务人员的服务意识是消除医患纠纷的首要条件,认真培养敬业精神是避免医患纠纷的根本途径;提高道德境界是避免医患纠纷的决定因素.     

Congenital defects of lower limbs and associated malformations: A population based study

As part of a detailed study of limb defects and associated patterns of congenital malformations, cases with lower limb deficiencies were analysed separately. We identified a total of 130 cases with deficiencies of the lower limbs without defects of the upper limbs. This gives an incidence of 1.07/10,000 livebirths, or 1/9,337 for this group of limb defects. Most common were femur deficiencies and deficiencies of the foot. A preponderance of males was found in the group of transverse defects of the leg (fibula/tibia deficiencies) and central axis deficiencies, while females had significantly more often longitudinal tibia defects and preaxial ray defects. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

维持肢体正常的运动感觉功能所需最少神经根数的实验研究

目的 研究臂丛神经根单发断，２根切断（不同方式联合）及３根切断后对肢体的影响，为治疗臂丛根性撕脱伤寻找更多的潜在移位神经，方法 ２５２只ＳＤ大鼠随机分为１３组：（１）第１－５组（单根神经根切断组）；每组１２只大鼠。分别切断Ｃ５－８Ｔ１各神经根；（２）第６－１２组（２根神经根切断组）；每组２４只大鼠。分别切断相邻及不相邻２根神经根，即Ｃ５，６，Ｃ６，７，Ｃ７，８，Ｃ８Ｔ１，Ｃ５，７，Ｃ６，８和Ｃ７Ｔ     

开式涡轮转盘塔的操作区域

考察了开式涡轮转盘塔(OTRDC)中的分散相滞留率和液泛特性。采用五种不同的液-液体系,在两种不同直径的塔中进行了实验。给出了估算分散相滞留率的关联式及无传质时临界转速的判据,进而大体上确认了OTRDC的操作区域。     

Comparison of the enzymatic and edema-produscing activities of two venom phospholipase A2 enzymes

The edema-producing activity of NNAVPLA₂, an acidic phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) enzyme from Naja naja atra venom (NNAV), was less potent than that of TMVPLA₂ II, a basic PLA; from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom (TMV). These edema-forming effects were greatly suppressed by pretreatment of rats with diphenhydramine/ methysergide or compound 48/80, which reduced the tissue content of histamine and serotonin. Heparin abolished and suppressed the paw edema caused by protamine and TMVPLA₂ II, respectively, but had no effect on the NNAVPLA₂-induced response. In isolated rat peritoneal mast cells, both PLA₂ concentration dependently induced the release of histamine and β-glueuronidase. Again, TMVPLA₂ II was more potent than NNAVPLA₂. This degranulation effect of mast cells caused by TMVPLA₂ II and protamine was inhibited by heparin, while that caused by NNAVPLA₂ was unaffected. The edema-forming and mast cell degranulation effects were greatly decreased in both PBPB-modified NNAVPLA₂ and PBPB-modified TMVPLA₂ II, in which the catalytic activity of the enzymes was completely lost. PBPB-modified TMVPLA₂ II-induced paw edema was also suppressed by heparin. Furthermore, this edematous response was totally reversed in rat pretreated with aspirin in combination with diphenhydramine and methysergide. These results suggest that the edema-forming effect of PLA₂ is probably dependent on the presence of catalytic, positive charge and pharmacological sites on its molecule.     

Reduction in sodium chloride intake: effects on urinary Na, K and aldosterone output in healthy free-living adults

Eleven healthy free-living adults (six women, five men) weighed and recorded all food and drink consumed and collected all urine for two non-consecutive 7-day periods whilst eating their usual diet (Period 1) and attempting to reduce salt intake (Period 2). Bread (including pitta bread) provided on average a quarter of total Na intake of subjects in Period 1 so that wholemeal bread made without added salt was made available in Period 2. All subjects achieved substantial reductions (mean 65%) in Na intake in Period 2 with no change in K intake so that the Na:K molar ratio fell from 1.3 to 0.5. Urinary Na output closely followed intakes and there was a large increase (mean 11.2 μg/d) in aldosterone excretion with a non-significant increase in K output. Simple linear relationships which allow prediction of Na and K intake from the more easily measured urinary output were derived.     

兔自体神经原位移植限制创伤性神经瘤形成机理

本实验采用家兔近端正中神经和尺神经原位移植法研究预防创伤性神经瘤形成之机理。经光镜,透射电镜及免疫组化标记观察表明:(1)自体神经原位移植法能有效地抑制创伤性神经瘤形成。两神经再生的神经纤维在移植段中排列整齐,来自两神经的轴索末端髓鞘对接是抑制创伤性神经瘤形成的关键;(2)移植段中由于雪旺氏细胞增生所形成的雪旺氏鞘对近端神经轴索的再生有趋化和引导作用;(3)单纯吻合法不能抑制创伤性神经瘤的发生。     

小鼠经口投镉的慢性毒性研究——病理形态学改变的探讨

选用昆明种小鼠60只,体重18～24克,随机分成三组,每组20只,雌雄各半。通过饮水染毒。一组正常对照,饮自来水,二组饮30ppm含镉水,三组饮300ppm含镉水,染毒时间三个半月。观察指标:体重增长速度、脏器系数、肝肾中镉含量、重点病理形态学改变(光镜和电镜)。结果,30ppm组小鼠肝肾组织有一定病变,300ppm组小鼠的光镜和电镜的病理形态学改变更为明显。提示,小鼠长期摄入镉可引起一定的损害。