A Radial Basis Function Neural Network Model for Classification of Epilepsy Using EEG Signals

Epilepsy is a disorder of cortical excitability and still an important medical problem. The correct diagnosis of a patient’s epilepsy syndrome clarifies the choice of drug treatment and also allows an accurate assessment of prognosis in many cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate epileptic patients and classify epilepsy groups such as partial and primary generalized epilepsy by using Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) and Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNNs). Four hundred eighteen patients with epilepsy diagnoses according to International League against Epilepsy (ILAE 1981) were included in this study. The correct classification of this data was performed by two expert neurologists before they were executed by neural networks. The neural networks were trained by the parameters obtained from the EEG signals and clinic properties of the patients. Experimental results show that the predictions of both neural network models are very satisfying for learning data sets. According to test results, RBFNN (total classification accuracy = 95.2%) has classified more successfully when compared with MLPNN (total classification accuracy = 89.2%). These results indicate that RBFNN model may be used in clinical studies as a decision support tool to confirm the classification of epilepsy groups after the model is developed.     

钛表面自组装聚L-赖氨酸和海藻酸钠多层膜对成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的在钛表面沉积聚L-赖氨酸(PLL)和海藻酸钠(ALG)聚电解质多层膜,以评价其对成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响。方法用层层自组装的方法在钛表面沉积PLL和ALG,形成Ti-(PLL-ALG)10-PLL涂层,用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对涂层进行表征。以纯钛作为对照组,Ti-(PLL-ALG)10-PLL作为实验组,分别在其表面进行MC3T3细胞培养,1d、3d、5d和7d后用CCK-8检测细胞增殖率,用ALP检测碱性磷酸酶的活性。结果 FTIR和SEM显示PLL和ALG已沉积到钛表面。MC3T3细胞在Ti-(PLL-ALG)10-PLL表面的增殖率在第1天和3天时明显高于对照组,P值分别为0.04和0.028;第5天和7天则无显著性差异(P>0.05)。第7天和14天Ti-(PLL-ALG)10-PLL组碱性磷酸酶值明显高于对照组,P值分别为0.08和0.02。结论通过层层自组装的方法在钛种植体表面沉积Ti-(PLL-ALG)10-PLL聚电解质多层膜能促进MC3T3细胞在其表面的增殖和分化。     

One-Step Etching Characteristics of ITO/Ag/ITO Multilayered Electrode in High-Density and High-Electron-Temperature Plasma

This paper presents the dry etching characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO)/Ag/ITO multilayered thin film, used as a pixel electrode in a high-resolution active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) device. Dry etching was performed using a combination of H₂ and HCl gases in a reactive ion etching system with a remote electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma source, in order to achieve high electron temperature. The effect of the gas ratio (H₂/HCl) was closely observed, in order to achieve an optimal etch profile and an effective etch process, while other parameters—such as the radio frequency (RF) power, ECR power, chamber pressure, and temperature—were fixed. The optimized process, with an appropriate gas ratio, constitutes a one-step serial dry etch solution for ITO and Ag multilayered thin films.     

Missing value imputation on missing completely at random data using multilayer perceptrons

Data mining is based on data files which usually contain errors in the form of missing values. This paper focuses on a methodological framework for the development of an automated data imputation model based on artificial neural networks. Fifteen real and simulated data sets are exposed to a perturbation experiment, based on the random generation of missing values. These data set sizes range from 47 to 1389 records. A perturbation experiment was performed for each data set where the probability of missing value was set to 0.05. Several architectures and learning algorithms for the multilayer perceptron are tested and compared with three classic imputation procedures: mean/mode imputation, regression and hot-deck. The obtained results, considering different performance measures, not only suggest this approach improves the quality of a database with missing values, but also the best results are clearly obtained using the Multilayer Perceptron model in data sets with categorical variables. Three learning rules (Levenberg-Marquardt, BFGS Quasi-Newton and Conjugate Gradient Fletcher-Reeves Update) and a small number of hidden nodes are recommended.     

钛表面接枝溴代十六烷后的杀菌效果研究

目的 在钛表面沉积透明质酸(HA)和壳聚糖(CHI)聚电解质多层膜,并用溴代十六烷对CHI上的氨基季铵化,以评价其杀菌效果.方法 在碱化处理过的钛片上吸附带正电荷的聚乙烯亚氨(PEI),再用层层自组装的方法在钛表面交替沉积带负电荷的HA和带正电荷的CHI,并用溴代十六烷(C16H33Br)对CHI上的氨基季铵化,形成Ti-PEI-(HA-CHI)20-N+(C16H33)3Br涂层,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对涂层断面进行表征;以纯钛为对照组,Ti-PEI-(HA-CHI)20和Ti-PEI-(HA-CHI)20-N+(C16H33)3Br-为实验组,分别在其表面进行变形链球菌(S.m)培养24h后用荧光显微镜和SEM检测钛片表面的细菌活性.结果 SEM显示聚电解质多层膜已沉积到钛片表面并具有一定的厚度.荧光显微镜显示纯钛表面有大量的活细菌,Ti-PEI-(HA-CHI)20上细菌数量较少,且有部分死菌;而Ti-PEI-(HA-CHI)20-N+(C16H33)3Br-上细菌几乎全为死菌.SEM结果显示纯钛、Ti-PEI-(HA-CHI)20、Ti-PEI-(HA-CHI)20-N+(C16H33)3Bf 3组钛片上的细菌数量依次减少.结论 钛表面沉积HA/CHI聚电解质多层膜,并对多层膜中的CHI季铵化后,其表面具有显著的杀菌作用.     

Multilayer Casting of Eco-Efficient Self-Compacting Concrete with Reduced Binder Content

In the study, experiments were performed on two eco-efficient self-compacting concrete mixes of reduced binder content containing supplementary cementitious materials. The behaviour of the eco-efficient self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixture was examined to determine whether it is suitable for multilayer casting. It is recommended that the SCC should be poured in an uninterrupted manner. However, it is not uncommon that contractors are forced to take breaks as a result of delivery delays. Casting the elements in multiple poorly prepared layers may cause the creation of cold joints between them. Two technological variants of the multilayer casting of eco-efficient SCC on beam elements were analysed: pouring the mixture from a minor height on the previously placed layer and placing the subsequent layer on the mechanically disturbed surface of the underlying material. Different delay times were used: 15, 30, 45 and 60 min between the execution of two layers of eco-efficient SCC. The load-bearing capacity of the joint was determined using a splitting tensile strength test on cubic elements. It was observed that, regardless of the mixture and casting variant, the interlayer bond strength decreased as the delay time increased. This effect was less pronounced when the first layer was mechanically disturbed. It was also demonstrated that concrete with reduced binder content is characterized by a lower drop in bond strength between successive layers. Finally, it is noted that the current recommendations and normative guidelines for the multilayer casting of self-compacting concrete should be specified with regard to the time delay allowed for the execution of the next layer in the absence of interference with the previously placed layer. Lack of clarity in this respect may result in the creation of a cold joint and hence a reduction in the load-bearing capacity between layers.     

Effect of the Graded Silicon Content in SRN/SRO Multilayer Structures on the Si Nanocrystals and Si Nanopyramids Formation and Their Photoluminescence Response

Two multilayer (ML) structures, composed of five layers of silicon-rich oxide (SRO) with different Si contents and a sixth layer of silicon-rich nitride (SRN), were deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. These SRN/SRO MLs were thermally annealed at 1100 °C for 180 min in ambient N₂ to induce the formation of Si nanostructures. For the first ML structure (MLA), the excess Si in each SRO layer was about 10.7 ± 0.6, 9.1 ± 0.4, 8.0 ± 0.2, 9.1 ± 0.3 and 9.7 ± 0.4 at.%, respectively. For the second ML structure (MLB), the excess Si was about 8.3 ± 0.2, 10.8 ± 0.4, 13.6 ± 1.2, 9.8 ± 0.4 and 8.7 ± 0.1 at.%, respectively. Si nanopyramids (Si-NPs) were formed in the SRO/Si substrate interface when the SRO layer with the highest excess silicon (10.7 at.%) was deposited next to the MLA substrate. The height, base and density of the Si-NPs was about 2–8 nm, 8–26 nm and ~6 × 10¹¹ cm⁻², respectively. In addition, Si nanocrystals (Si-ncs) with a mean size of between 3.95 ± 0.20 nm and 2.86 ± 0.81 nm were observed for the subsequent SRO layers. Meanwhile, Si-NPs were not observed when the excess Si in the SRO film next to the Si-substrate decreased to 8.3 ± 0.2 at.% (MLB), indicating that there existed a specific amount of excess Si for their formation. Si-ncs with mean size of 2.87 ± 0.73 nm and 3.72 ± 1.03 nm were observed for MLB, depending on the amount of excess Si in the SRO film. An enhanced photoluminescence (PL) emission (eight-fold more) was observed in MLA as compared to MLB due to the presence of the Si-NPs. Therefore, the influence of graded silicon content in SRN/SRO multilayer structures on the formation of Si-NPs and Si-ncs, and their relation to the PL emission, was analyzed.