Organization of nucleoli and nuclear bodies in osmotically stimulated supraoptic neurons of the rat

This study has analyzed variations in the number of nucleoli and nuclear bodies, as well as in their ultrastructural and cytochemical organization, after the osmotically induced activation of supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons of the rat. The number of nucleoli and nuclear bodies and also the nucleolar size were determined on smear preparations of previously block-impregnated SON. The mean number of nucleoli per cell was 1.35 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SDM) in control rats. No significant variations in this value were registered either in dehydrated or rehydrated rats. The mean nucleolar volume and the total nucleolar volume per cell showed a significant increase in dehydrated rats with respect to the controls, whereas these two parameters tended to return to control values in rats rehydrated after dehydration. The mean number of nuclear bodies per cell increased significantly from 0.56 +/- 0.50 (mean +/- SDM) in control rats to 1.54 +/- 1.1 after 6 days of dehydration. By electron microscopy, SON neurons displayed a reticulated nucleolar configuration. After the osmotically induced neuronal activation, there was an increase in the proportion of the total nucleolar area occupied by the granular component, and also a reduction in the mean fibrillar-center area. The most characteristic nucleolar features in rehydrated rats were the tendency for the granular component to be segregated and the occurrence of intranucleolar vacuoles. Ultrastructural cytochemistry with a specific silver method revealed a selective silver reaction on the coiled threads of the nuclear bodies--identified as "coiled bodies"--and on the nucleolar fibrillar components in all animal groups studied. Since nucleoli play a major role in ribosome biogenesis, a relationship between these nucleolar changes and the level of cellular activity of SON neurons is proposed. Furthermore, the response of nuclear "coiled bodies" to neuronal activation suggests their participation in the processing and transport of rRNA precursors.     

Distribution and metabolic fate of adenosine nucleotides in the membrane of storage vesicles from bovine adrenal medulla

Summary The reactions of adenosine ¹⁴C- and ³²P-labelled ATP with isolated membranes from catecholamine storage vesicles of the bovine adrenal medulla were studied. In presence of Mg²⁺ about twice as much of ³²P-radioactivity combined with the membrane as ¹⁴C-adenosine compounds at 31°C and also at 0°C, while in the absence of Mg²⁺ the amounts of ¹⁴C and ³²P incorporated were similar for both substances. Autoradiography of the SDS-polyacrylamide gel after electrophoresis of the ³²P-ATP-treated membrane protein showed two distinct zones corresponding to protein bands. Sonication released twice as much ³²P-ATP as ¹⁴C-ATP from the space within the membrane particles indicating that at least half of the ATP present in this space did not contain its original terminal phosphate group. About 40–45% of the ³²P-radioactivity was incorporated in the membrane lipids, whereas only small amounts of ¹⁴C-radioactivity were extracted with the lipids. About 1/3 of the incorporated ¹⁴C-radioactivity was not extractable with acids. The same amount remained in the ³²P-ATP treated preparation acid-stably bound after extraction of the lipids and thus must be firmly bound ATP. When the reaction of the membrane preparation with labelled ATP was performed at 0°C the fractions of the acid-stably bound ³²P- and ¹⁴C-radioactivity increased. About 1 nmole/mg of protein (10–15%) of the bound ³²P-radioactivity was exchangeable against unlabelled ATP, while only a very small fraction (<0.5 nmole/mg protein) of the ¹⁴C-radioactivity was exchanged against unlabelled ATP. Preincubation of the membrane particles with ATP-Mg²⁺ at 0°C induced 30% inhibition of the ATPase activity and abolition of the net uptake of catecholamines. Different K _m values obtained from initial velocity studies of ATPase activity and the overall-incorporation of ³²P-radioactivity indicated that a direct correlation between these processes did not exist. Different strong inhibitory effects exerted by ADP on the ATPase activity and net uptake of catecholamine at the one hand and the overall ³²P- and ¹⁴C-incorporation at the other hand supported that view. It is concluded that only small fractions of the observed ³²P-and ¹⁴C-incorporation can be involved in the ATP-hydrolyzing reaction.     

益母草的化学、药理和临床研究进展

查阅近20年有关文献，对益母草的化学成分、药理作用、临床应用研究进展进行综述。益母草主要含有生物碱类、黄酮类、二萜类、脂肪酸类、挥发油类等化合物；药理作用研究证明其具有调经止血、保护心肌缺血再灌注损伤、抗血小板聚集、降低血液黏度等作用；在临床上常用来治疗流产后出血、冠心病、心肌缺血、高黏血症、痛经等疾病。益母草具有广泛的药理活性，对其药效学物质基础进行深入研究和开发，将具有重要意义。     

鳞毛蕨属植物化学成分研究进展

目的：对鳞毛蕨属植物化学成分的研究进展进行综述。方法：总结有关鳞毛蕨属植物化学成分的研究文献，综述鳞毛蕨属植物所合化学成分的种类、数量、结构、提取分离方法及结构鉴定。结果：到目前为止已从鳞毛蕨属植物中分离出间苯三酚类化合物58种，菇类化合物13种，黄酮类化合物4种，而且该属植物具有多种生理活性。结论：我国鳞毛蕨属植物资源丰富，应将化学成分的研究与药理活性的研究紧密结合，从而更好地开发利用该属的植物资源。     

补阳还五汤及拆方对脑缺血再灌注模型血清、脑组织的SOD、MDA及NO含量影响

目的：揭示补阳还五汤及拆方抗脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用机理，并研究方剂配伍的意义。方法：通过四血管结扎法制作SD大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型，观察总方组与拆方黄芪组、活血组药物对模型血清、脑组织S0D、MDA及NO含量的影响。结果：模型组大鼠血清、脑组织MDA及NO含量明显增高，SOD含量明显降低；总方组与拆方黄芪组、活血组能降低MDA及NO含量，升高SOD含量，总方组作用最强。结论：补阳还五汤及拆方通过抗自由基，达到抗脑缺血再灌注损伤作用。总方组的疗效明显优于拆方组，符合方剂学“整体取性原理”。     

中药质量监控之我见

本文在对现有的指标成分检测及指纹图谱质量控制模式进行分析的基础上，结合本实验室的研究工作，提出有效成分检控应是中药质量控制的发展方向，并阐述了实施有效成分检控这一质量控制模式的方法与可能性。     

几种特色蒙药的活性成分及药理研究进展

本文重点介绍了几种特色蒙药蒙古黄芪、肉苁蓉、锁阳、文冠木的药理、毒性及活性成分的研究进展，以期对进一步开发利用蒙药，研制新的特色药，弘扬民族医药学打下基础。     

大蒜的主要化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

大蒜为百合科葱属植物蒜的鳞茎,具有抗肿瘤、抗病原微生物、降血脂等药理学作用.其化学成分主要为含硫有机化合物和皂苷类成分.含硫化合物又分为脂溶性和水溶性,前者有较强的抗肿瘤活性,后者则有较强的降脂作用,且水溶性成分毒性极低,值得进一步开发研究.     

眼镜蛇毒的化学成分研究进展

眼镜蛇毒具有广泛的生物学活性。文章综述了近年来眼镜蛇毒中研究较为深入的一些组分的分离提纯、理化性质及其生物活性等方面的研究进展。     

复方虎茵汤方药配伍对虎杖有效成分煎出的影响

通过复方虎茵汤方药配伍煎提对虎杖有效成分煎出的影响，探讨虎杖与大枣、茵陈的配伍规律。结果显示：虎杖单煎，其有效成分总蒽醌、游离蒽醌、总大黄素、游离大黄素含量最高，而复方煎煮虎杖有效成分的煎出率最低。