Effect of misoprostol (PGE1) on glucose metabolism in type-2-diabetic and control subjects

In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that prostaglandins of the E series enhance muscle glucose uptake. We examined the effect of acute misoprostol (PGE1) administration on whole body insulin-mediated glucose disposal, as well as the major intracellular pathways of glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic (n = 10) and non-diabetic (n = 4) subjects. Each subject received two 240-min euglycaemic insulin (40 mU/m²/min) clamp studies with tritiated glucose and indirect calorimetry. During one of the insulin clamp studies, 200 µg of misoprostol was ingested at 90 and 150 min after the start of the insulin infusion. Insulin-mediated total body glucose disposal, glycolysis, glycogenesis and glucose oxidation were similar during the insulin clamp studies performed without and with misoprostol in both the diabetic and non-diabetic groups. These results demonstrate that the acute administration of misoprostol does not enhance insulin-mediated glucose disposal in either type-2-diabetic or non-diabetic subjects.     

Analgesic effects of acetaminophen,diclofenac and hyoscine N-butylbromide in second trimester pregnancy termination: a prospective randomized study

Objectives: This prospective, randomized study aimed to compare the analgesic effects of acetaminophen, diclofenac and hyoscine-N-butylbromide (HnBB) in cases of second trimester pregnancy termination.

Methods: In 60 women with indications for second trimester pregnancy termination, three analgesic agents were randomized into three groups: group 1, acetaminophen; group 2, diclofenac; and group 3, HnBB. A visual analog scale (VAS) used for the evaluation of pain perception. The primary outcome of the study was mean VAS score during the procedure and last VAS score before the completion of termination. The secondary outcomes were the induction-to-abortion interval, the percentage of aborted cases within the first 24?h and finally the need for parenteral analgesia.

Results: Demographic characteristics were similar among the groups. The mean VAS and last VAS scores before termination did not differ among the groups (p?=?0.3 and 0.2, respectively). The need for parenteral analgesia did not differ among the groups (p?=?0.3). Although a shorter induction-to-abortion interval and greater number of cases with successful termination before 24?h were found in the HnBB group, the differences were not statistically significant (p?=?0.6 and 0.5, respectively).

Conclusions: Our study did not demonstrate a difference in pain perception among second trimester pregnancy termination cases using acetaminophen, diclofenac and HnBB.     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇及一次性宫颈扩张棒终止12至18周妊娠100例

目的：观察米非司酮配伍米索前列醇及一次性宫颈扩张棒终止12~18周妊娠的临床效果。方法选取自愿来医院要求引产的正常孕妇100例,孕周在12~18周,入院后第1,2天均给予口服米非司酮,第2天晨起放置一次性宫颈扩张棒,第3天晨起取出扩张棒后在阴道后穹窿处放置米索前列醇,观察终止妊娠的效果。结果成功98例,成功率为98.00%,其中24 h 内成功终止妊娠94例,成功率为94.00%;终止妊娠后清宫率为30.00%,且孕周越小完全流产率越高,出血量越少。结论米非司酮配伍米索前列醇及一次性宫颈扩张棒终止12~18周妊娠,成功率高,操作简单,不良反应较少,值得临床借鉴。     

Misoprostol protection against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat

The hepatoprotective effects of misoprostol on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced toxicity were studied in the rat. Liver injury was evaluated at 36 hr after APAP administration by measuring serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, by using tetranitroblue tetrazolium (TNBT) staining and by histological analysis. After APAP administration, peak serum levels of the drug were detected at 15 min. Liver GSH was depleted from control levels of 448±48 µg/g to 82±2 µg/g (P<0.01) within 3 hr. Serum ALT levels increased significantly after 16 hr and H&E staining revealed significant hepatic necrosis after 12 hr. Rats treated with misoprostol before and after APAP administration showed reduced OCT and ALT levels at 36 hr of overdose (454±446 IU/liter and 2571±2944 IU/liter, respectively) compared to those without misoprostol treatment (1348±480 IU/liter and 6077±3025 IU/liter, respectively,P<0.01). TNBT staining showed a reduced area of damage from 28.6±22.3% to 7.3±8.9% (P<0.01), and H&E staining also showed less extensive hepatic necrosis in rats treated with misoprostol before and after the overdose. In a time sequence study, misoprostol treatment starting within 10 hr of overdose showed the same protective effect as when it was given before and after APAP ingestion. No protection was detected when the treatment was started during the development of hepatic injury. However, misoprostol given when injury was established seemed to be protective. Our results show that misoprostol protects the liver against APAP-induced injury if given within 10 hr of overdose. Late administration of misoprostol may also be beneficial and thus may be considered in treating patients with APAP toxicity.This study is supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Grant 91/0662.     

产后大出血高危因素分析及欣母沛的预防效果

目的探讨产妇产后出血的高危因素,并研究欣母沛的预防效果。方法对631例待产妇的临床资料进行回顾性研究,分析引起产后出血的独立危险因素。另将有产后出血高危因素的173例产妇分为治疗组88例和对照组85例,治疗组给予欣母沛,对照纽注射缩宫素及舌下含服米索前列醇。对比两组产妇产后2、24h的出血量,产后出血发生率,并对比产后24h血红蛋白变化水平。结果Logistic回归分析显示,宫缩乏力、剖宫产、胎盘粘连和胎儿巨大是导致产妇产后出血的高危因素。治疗组2、24h出血量均低于对照组（t值分别为4．524、6．575,均P〈0．05）,且产后出血发生率及产后24h血红蛋白水平也低于对照组（X2=4．309、t=5．325,均P〈0．05）。结论产后出血的高危因素主要有宫缩乏力、剖宫产、胎盘粘连和胎儿巨大;欣母沛用于预防产后出血效果优于缩宫素及米索前列醇,具有安全、有效等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

宫腔纱布填塞联合米索前列醇直肠给药治疗顽固性产后出血的疗效分析

目的：探讨宫腔纱布填塞联合米索前列醇直肠给药治疗顽固性产后出血的疗效。方法选取2009年12月至2013年12月山东省临沂市经济技术开发区人民医院妇产科住院的宫缩乏力性产后出血产妇,经按摩子宫、应用缩宫素治疗无效的68例,随机分为两组,观察组34例采用宫腔纱布填塞联合米索前列醇直肠给药,对照组34例采用单用米索前列醇,对比两者的疗效。结果对照组及观察组均有1例产妇止血效果不佳,半小时出血1500 mL以上,遂行子宫切除。观察组第三产程时间、产后2h出血量、产后24h出血量均较对照组少,差异具有统计学意义（t值分别为3．31、5．88和6．59,均P＜0．05）。观察组与对照组血压差异具有统计学意义（t＝2．54,P＜0．05）,心率、血氧饱和度差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论应用宫腔纱布填塞联合米索前列醇直肠给药治疗顽固性产后出血可有效缩短第三产程时间,降低产后2 h、24 h出血量,安全性高。     

Provision of medical abortion using telemedicine in Brazil

Objective

To evaluate the need for and outcome of self-administered medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol in Brazil, provided through Women on Web, a global telemedicine abortion service.

Study Design

A retrospective case review of women from Brazil who contacted Women on Web in 2011. Information from the online consultation, follow-up questionnaire and emails were used to analyze data including demographics, gestational age, outcome of the medical abortion and symptoms that lead to surgical interventions.

Results

The Women on Web website had 109779 unique visitors from Brazil, 2104 women contacted the helpdesk by email. Of the 1401 women who completed the online consultation, 602 women continued their request for a medical abortion. Of the 370 women who used the medicines, 307 women gave follow-up information about the outcome of the medical abortion. Of these, 207 (67.4%) women were 9 weeks or less pregnant, 71 (23.1%) were 10, 11 or 12 weeks pregnant, and 29 (9.5%) women were 13 weeks or more pregnant. There was a significant difference in surgical intervention rates after the medical abortion (19.3% at < 9 weeks, 15.5% at 11–12 weeks and 44.8% at > 13 weeks, p=.06). However, 42.2% of the women who had a surgical intervention had no symptoms of a complication.

Conclusion

There is large need for medical abortion in Brazil. Home use of mifepristone and misoprostol provided through telemedicine is safe and effective. However, after 13 weeks gestation, there is an increased risk of surgical intervention that may be due to the regimen used and local clinical practices in Brazil.

Implications

The current study shows that there is an unmet need for medical abortion in Brazil, a country with legal restrictions on access to safe abortion services. Telemedicine can help fulfill the need and self administration of medical abortion is safe and effective even at late first trimester abortion. Prospective trials are needed to establish safety, effectiveness and acceptability of home use of medical abortion beyond 12 weeks of pregnancy.     

催产素联合冰袋、米索前列醇、卡孕栓预防产后出血的研究

[目的]观察催产素联合应用冰袋、米索前列醇、卡孕栓预防产后出血的临床效果 [方法] 选择2010年4月至2010年9月本院住院的产妇312例,其中阴道分娩177例,剖宫产135例.阴道分娩组分A,B,C,D四组.A组：单用催产素;B组：催产素联合冰袋;C组：催产素联合米索前列醇;D组：催产素联合卡孕栓.剖宫产组分为E,F,G三组.E组：单用催产素;F组：催产素联合米索前列醇;G组：催产素联合卡孕栓.观察比较各组第三产程时间、术中出血量,产后2 h出血量、产后24 h出血量、产后出血发生率、治疗前后的血压及心率变化.[结果]B组、C组、D组第三产程与A组相比明显缩短,产后2 h及24 h内出血量,产后出血发生率明显减少,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.F组、G组与E组相比,第三产程明显缩短,产后2 h及24 h内出血量,产后出血发生率明显减少,且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.各组治疗前后血压、脉搏无明显波动（P＞0.05）.[结论]催产素联合应用冰袋、米索前列醇、卡孕栓能预防产后出血,其使用安全,值得临床推广     

阴道放置米索前列醇及卡孕栓在早期人工流产术前的应用

目的:评价米索前列醇(简称米索)及卡孕栓在早期妊娠人工流产术前阴道用药的宫颈扩张作用。方法:400μg米索或1mg卡孕栓被术前2～5小时分别放置妊娠5～10周妇女阴道后穹窿内,记录每例患者宫颈的扩张程度及腹痛、出血等副作用。结果:当药物作用3.5小时以内时,两组宫颈扩张作用的差异尚不明显。3.5小时后卡孕栓扩张宫颈的作用则明显优于米索。阴道内术前用药超过3.5小时无论米索组或卡孕栓组与其自身比较,宫颈扩张的作用均较用药3.5小时以内的作用明显提高。卡孕栓组较米索组腹痛等胃肠道副反应的发生率高。结论:米索及卡孕栓在早期妊娠人工流产术前阴道用药有较强的宫颈扩张作用。米索副作用相对较少,适于人工流产前的宫颈扩张的常规用药。妊娠天数较长,胚胎较大,人流手术相对困难者使用卡孕栓较为合理。上述药物术前阴道使用推荐时间为至少3.5小时。