舌状截囊方法在过熟期白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术中的应用

目的：探讨舌状截囊方法在过熟期白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术的临床效果。

方法：对380 眼过熟期白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术中采用舌状截囊方法,术后观察及随访其疗效。

结果：所有患眼术后视力均有不同程度提高, 视力恢复情况：术后1d,0.1以下85眼(22.4%),0.1～0.3者162眼(42.6%),0.4～0.6者87眼(22.9%),0.6以上者46眼(12.1%)。术后1mo 0.1以下33眼(8.7%),0.1～0.3者152眼(40.0%),0.4～0.6者117眼(30.8%),0.6以上者78眼(20.5%)。术中术后并发症：术中悬韧带断离16眼(4.2%),后囊膜破裂25眼(6.6%), 角膜水肿53眼(13.9%),人工晶状体偏位12眼(3.2%)。

结论：舌状截囊方法容易掌握,手术的安全性更好,更适合在援非过熟期白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术中的应用。     

A Humanistic Approach to Understanding Child Consumer Socialization in US Homes

We present findings from a qualitative, multisite, multi-method, longitudinal study of parents and their preschool-aged children that explores the intersections of marketing influences in the home and in the larger outside world of children. Findings indicate that preschoolers represent complicated and nuanced “consumers in training” beyond predictions based on their “perceptual stage of development.” Specifically, our data revealed interesting ways in which marketing and consumer culture can foster a number of pro-social consumer outcomes (e.g., charity, gift-giving, financial literacy). We also noted an emerging understanding by preschoolers of the social meanings of goods for identity construction and product evaluation. Finally, through a presentation of an idiographic case, we show how consumer socialization cannot be attributed to one factor such as media but is based on multiple and concurrent factors—parents, siblings, peers, and home environment—that act to moderate, mediate, and provide meaning for marketing messages.     

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Aristolochia indica and Toddalia asiatica Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Bacteria have developed multidrug resistance against available antimicrobial agents. Infectious diseases caused by these multidrug-resistant bacteria are major causes of morbidity and mortality in human beings. Synthetic drugs are expensive and inadequate for the treatment of diseases, causing side effects and ineffective against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The medicinal plants are promising to have effective antimicrobial property due to presence of phytochemical compounds like alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. The present study aimed to find the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Multidrug-resistant bacteria were identified by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Production of β-lactamases (extended spectrum β-lactamases, metallo β-lactamase and AmpC β-lactamase) were identified by combination disc method. Antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol extract of Aristolochia indica and Toddalia asiatica were detected by agar well diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration. All bacteria used in this study showed antibiotic resistance to ≥3 antibiotics. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Vibrio cholerae were found to be positive for β-lactamase production. Ethanol extract of Aristolochia indica showed more significant antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria than Toddalia asiatica. Ethanol extracts of Aristolochia indica and Toddalia asiatica showed minimum inhibitory concentration values of 50-100 μg/ml and 100-200 μg/ml, respectively against multidrug-resistant bacteria. From this study, it was concluded that Aristolochia indica has more potential to treat multidrug-resistant bacteria than Toddalia asiatica.     

The Role of Polydimethylsiloxane in the Molecular Structure of Silica Xerogels Intended for Drug Carriers

The aim of this study was to prepare and examine polymer/oxide xerogels with metronidazole (MT) as delivery systems for the local application of a drug to a bone. The nanoporous SiO₂-CaO and PDMS-modified SiO₂-CaO xerogel materials with different amounts of the polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), were prepared by the sol-gel method.Characterization assays comprised the analysis of the composite materials by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), determining the specific surface area of solids (BET), using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques, and further monitoring in the ultraviolet and visible light regions (UV-Vis) of the in vitro release of the drug (metronidazole) over time. According to these results, the bioactive character and chemical stability of PDMS-modified silica xerogels have been proven.The release of MT from xerogels was strongly correlated with the composition of the matrix. In comparison with the pure oxide matrix, PDMS-modified matrices accelerated the release of the drug through its bigger pores, and additionally, on account of weaker interactions with the drug.The obtained results for the xerogel composites suggest that the metronidazole-loaded xerogels could be promising candidates for formulations in local delivery systems particularly to bone.     

清热合剂对上呼吸道感染常见致病菌的体外抑菌试验

目的观察清热合剂对上呼吸道感染常见致病菌的体外抑菌活性。方法上呼吸道感染常见致病菌163株中不产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)革兰阴性菌74株(大肠埃希菌33株,肺炎克雷伯菌24株,铜绿假单胞菌17株);产ESBLs革兰阴性菌10株(大肠埃希菌6株,肺炎克雷伯菌4株);革兰阳性菌79株[耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)11株、甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)46株,肺炎链球菌22株]。采用琼脂稀释法对清热合剂进行定量抑菌试验,配制含有不同药物浓度的琼脂平板,在平板上接种待测菌株菌悬液,孵育后观察含药平板,记录最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果清热合剂对大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌等革兰阴性菌的MIC90分别为88、176、22 g/L,其对产ESBLs与不产ESBLs革兰阴性菌的抑菌效果一致;不同浓度药物对铜绿假单胞菌的累积抑菌率均最高。清热合剂对MSSA、MRSA和肺炎链球菌等革兰阳性菌的MIC90分别为11、11、22 g/L,MRSA的MIC90与MSSA相同,但MIC50略高于MSSA;不同浓度药物对MSSA和MRSA的累积抑菌率均高于肺炎链球菌,对MSSA与MRSA的累积抑菌率相近。结论清热合剂对上呼吸道感染常见的致病菌除肺炎克雷伯菌之外均有一定的抑菌作用,对革兰阳性菌的抑菌效果明显优于革兰阴性菌。     

Electronic Public Health Registry of Extensively Drug-Resistant Organisms,Illinois, USA

In response to clusters of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in Illinois, USA, the Illinois Department of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chicago Prevention Epicenter launched a statewide Web-based registry designed for bidirectional data exchange among health care facilities. CRE occurrences are entered and searchable in the system, enabling interfacility communication of patient information. For rapid notification of facilities, admission feeds are automated. During the first 12 months of implementation (November 1, 2013–October 31, 2014), 1,557 CRE reports (≈4.3/day) were submitted from 115 acute care hospitals, 5 long-term acute care hospitals, 46 long-term care facilities, and 7 reference laboratories. Guided by a state and local public health task force of infection prevention specialists and microbiologists and a nonprofit informatics entity, Illinois Department of Public Health deployed a statewide registry of extensively drug-resistant organisms. The legal, technical, and collaborative underpinnings of the system enable rapid incorporation of other emerging organisms.     

不同方法对食源性致病菌耐药性监测研究

目的了解江苏地区食源性致病菌的常用抗菌药耐药谱,评价不同药敏方法在致病菌耐药性监测中的适用性。方法用Etest和微量肉汤稀释法,对江苏省2012-2014年食源性疾病常规监测检出的金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、沙门菌菌株进行药敏鉴定。结果金黄色葡萄球菌对红霉素的耐药率最高,其次为复方磺胺甲噁唑和四环素,且有多重耐药;副溶血性弧菌除对四环素和复方磺胺甲噁唑有一定的耐药,对其他6种革兰氏阴性菌抗生素均敏感。沙门菌对萘啶酸的耐药率超过50.0%。两种方法药敏检测结果对不同抗生素符合率有差异,但符合率均80%。结论 Etest和微量肉汤稀释法有较好的一致性,但所需时间及操作要求有差异,可根据实际需要进行选择。     

应用Demirjian法测量乳牙列期儿童的牙龄研究

目的观察乳牙列期儿童在4~6岁期间恒牙胚生长发育规律,探索Demirjian法在该群体牙龄研究的适用性。方法在深圳市幼儿园小班随机抽取4岁左右汉族儿童75名(男童40名,女童35名),连续三年定期拍摄的全颌曲面断层X光片进行牙齿生长发育观察,并采用Demirjian法进行牙龄研究。结果在4~6岁乳牙列期儿童第二磨牙、第二前磨牙和第一前磨牙处于牙冠发育阶段,第一磨牙、尖牙、侧切牙、中切牙处于牙根发育阶段。同龄女童的牙齿发育阶段显著领先于男童。除3.5~4.5岁组男童及4.5~5.5岁组女童的牙龄估计值与实际年龄差异无统计学意义外,各组提示Demirjian法评估值与实际年龄有差异(P0.05)。结论 Demirjian法不能直接用于4~6岁乳牙列期儿童牙龄评估,后期需进一步扩大样本,探讨该年龄段儿童的牙龄评估曲线。     

某军队医院发展综合评价

目的 对某军队医院2009-2014年进行综合评价,提出医院发展对策建议.方法 采用描述性统计方法和TOPSIS法,对医院规模现状、医疗服务量、工作效率、医药总收入和医疗质量等指标进行描述和综合分析.结果 ①展开床位、门诊人次、出院人次、住院总床日、医药总收入逐年增加,2014年较2009年分别增长78％、165％、118％、93％和220％.②综合效益不断增加,但2013年低于2012年.结论 医院规模扩大可促进工作量增加、效率提高、收入增加和质量改善,但在床位数量迅速扩张时,会导致综合效益降低.因此,应控制床位数量合理规模,并注重质量、效率、流程等管理.     

浅谈药学专业人体解剖生理学的教学体会和教学方法

人体解剖生理学是一门重要的基础课程,在针对药学专业学生的教学过程中存在着一些问题,课时数相对较少,教师教学方法和思维刻板保守,缺乏药学专业知识基础,学生对本课程重视度不够,缺乏足够的学习兴趣。针对这些实际问题,要求教师结合药学专业的学科特点来讲授人体解剖生理学知识,寻找新的教学方法,以提高学生的知识理解能力,培养学生的创新思维和主动学习的意识。