The miRNA neuroinflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 patients with different severity of illness

IntroductionThe expression of specific miRNAs and their mRNA targets are changed in infectious disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of pro-neuroinflammatory miRNAs, anti-neuroinflammatory miRNAs, and their mRNA targets in the serum of COVID-19 patients with different grades.MethodsCOVID-19 patients with different grades were enrolled in this study and the expression of pro-neuroinflammatory miRNAs, anti-neuroinflammatory miRNAs, and their target mRNAs was analyzed by q-PCR.ResultsThe relative expression of anti- neuroinflammatory miRNAs (mir-21, mir-124, and mir-146a) was decreased and the relative expression of their target mRNAs (IL-12p53, Stat3, and TRAF6) was increased. Also, the relative expression of pro-neuroinflammatory miRNAs (mir-326, mir-155, and mir-27b) was increased and the relative expression of their target mRNA (PPARS, SOCS1, and CEBPA) was decreased in COVID-19 patients with increase of disease grade. A negative significant correlation was seen between mir-21 and IL-12p53 mRNA, mir-124 and Stat3 mRNA, mir-146a and TRAF6 mRNA, mir-27b and PPARS mRNA, mir-155 and SOCS1 mRNA, and between mir-326 and CEBPA mRNA in COVID-19 patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study showed that the relative expression of anti- neuroinflammatory miRNAs was decreased and the relative expression of their targeted mRNAs was increased in COVID-19 patients from asymptomatic to critical illness. Also, this study showed that the relative expression of pro-neuroinflammatory miRNAs was increased and the relative expression of their targeted mRNA was decreased in COVID-19 patients from asymptomatic to critical illness.     

甲状腺癌靶向研究的热点与展望

甲状腺癌是常见的内分泌肿瘤。近年来,甲状腺癌分子生物学研究取得显著的进展,而靶向治疗方面的研究将为甲状腺癌治疗提供新思路。笔者将分别从甲状腺癌干细胞、mi RNA、甲状腺肿瘤微环境等方面对甲状腺癌的靶向研究进行阐述。     

癫痫潜在相关生物学标志物研究进展

癫痫发病机制复杂，病理改变呈多样化，随着分子生物学及细胞水平研究技术的进步，癫痫的病生机制将逐步明朗。微小RNA(MiRNAs)、淋巴细胞、凋亡蛋白、炎性因子等在癫痫发生发展过程中变化显著，表现出对疾病潜在的诊治价值。明确这些潜在生物学标志物与癫痫的确切联系，有望在临床开展应用，并助力治疗策略的制定。     

Identification of key microRNAs in exosomes derived from patients with the severe acute pancreatitis

ObjectiveExosomes have been identified as important carriers of various genetic materials, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Increasing evidence indicates that the course of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is associated with miRNAs transported by exosomes. We aimed to identify the signature miRNAs as biomarkers of SAP.MethodsWe obtained exosomes from the SAP patients’ blood. After separation, purification, and identification, we performed high-throughput sequencing and screened the differentially expressed(DE) miRNAs in the exosomes. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identified the target genes of the miRNAs and the pathways enriched based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, and selected the key miRNAs related to SAP. Total RNA was extracted from patient serum exosomes to detect the expression levels of the selected miRNAs in exosomes of three experimental groups (mild -, moderately severe -, and severe AP) and a control group, using Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).Results272 DE miRNAs were identified between SAP and control group. Using bioinformatics analysis, we determined that the functions of the target genes were enriched in six signaling pathways including focal adhesion. Based on this, seven candidate signature miRNAs were selected: miR-603, miR-548ad-5p, miR-122–5p, miR-4477a, miR-192–5p, miR-215–5p, and miR-583. The RT-qPCR results of the seven miRNAs in the SAP group were consistent with the sequencing results.ConclusionExosome-derived miR-603, miR-548ad-5p, miR-122–5p, miR-4477a, miR-192–5p, miR-215–5p, miR-583 are positively correlated with SAP, which might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of SAP and serve as the biomarkers of SAP.     

外泌体非编码RNAs在骨质疏松症中的研究进展

外泌体是大多数细胞能够释放的一种细胞外囊泡，广泛参与细胞间物质运输和信息传递。非编码RNAs主要包括微小RNAs、长链非编码RNAs和环状RNAs，被鉴定为外泌体中的重要成分，可以被外泌体选择性地摄取并递送到受体细胞，从而调节受体细胞的生理活动和功能。近年来的研究逐渐关注到外泌体非编码RNAs与骨质疏松症之间的密切关系。基于此，该文回顾了外泌体非编码RNAs在骨质疏松症中的新发现，分析了它们在调控骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化、成骨细胞骨基质矿化、破骨细胞介导的骨吸收、骨相关细胞的活性和凋亡以及血管生成中的作用，旨在确定它们作为骨质疏松症新型生物标志物和治疗靶点所具有的潜力和面临的挑战。