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81.
Background
Breastfeeding is the reference against which alternative infant feeding models must be measured with regard to growth, development and other health outcomes. Although not a systematic review, this report provides an update for dental professionals, including an overview of general and oral health–related benefits associated with breastfeeding.Types of Studies ReviewedThe authors examined the literature regarding general health protections that breastfeeding confers to infants and mothers and explored associations between breastfeeding, occlusion in the primary dentition and early childhood caries. To accomplish these goals, they reviewed systematic reviews when available and supplemented them with comparative studies and with statements and reports from major nongovernmental and governmental organizations.ResultsWhen compared with health outcomes among formula-fed children, the health advantages associated with breastfeeding include a lower risk of acute otitis media, gastroenteritis and diarrhea, severe lower respiratory infections, asthma, sudden infant death syndrome, obesity and other childhood diseases and conditions. Evidence also suggests that breastfed children may develop a more favorable occlusion in the primary dentition. The results of a systematic review in which researchers examined the relationship between breastfeeding and early childhood caries were inconclusive.Conclusions and Clinical ImplicationsThe American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, Chicago, suggests that parents gently clean infants' gums and teeth after breastfeeding. The American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Ill., recommends that breastfeeding should be exclusive for about the first six months of life and should continue, with the introduction of appropriate complementary foods, to at least age 12 months or beyond, as desired by mother and child. Dentists and staff members can take steps to ensure they are familiar with the evidence and guidelines pertaining to breastfeeding and to oral health. They are encouraged to follow the surgeon general's recommendations to promote and support optimal breastfeeding and oral health practices among their patients.  相似文献   
82.
目的评价3R疗法对轻、中度阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能和血浆β淀粉样蛋白_(1-42)(Aβ_(1-42))的影响。方法选择轻、中度阿尔茨海默病患者34例,随机分为2组,每组17例。对照组给予药物常规治疗,治疗组在药物常规治疗基础上,采用3R疗法进行认知功能训练。测定血浆Aβ_(1-42),并进行神经心理学指标检查:简易智能状态检查量表、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)、社会功能活动调查(FAQ)、神经精神量表(NPI)以及事件相关电位P300的基线评定,在开始实施训练后的第3、6个月时,分别对患者进行各项指标的评定与分析。结果治疗组经过3、6个月的3R治疗后,ADL、FAQ、NPI评分较治疗前明显减低,且明显低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);P300潜伏期明显缩短,波幅明显增加(P<0.01);治疗组经过6个月的3R治疗后,血浆Aβ_(1-42)含量较治疗前明显下降,且较对照组明显下降(p<0.05)。结论 3R疗法能有效提高阿尔茨海默病患者生活自理能力、社会活动能力,从而延缓认知功能减退;3R治疗后,认知功能改善可能与血浆Aβ_(1-42)含量变化有关。  相似文献   
83.
Abstract

Previous studies have observed altered somatotopic sensory fields after experimental deafferentation in animals as well as enhanced somatosensory evoked potentials and altered cortical motor pathways following spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans. These observations indicate that cortical reorganization may occur subsequent to SCI. In earlier work, we have observed attenuated amplitudes for both tactile P3 and auditory N1/P2 orienting event-related potentials (ERP) in spinal cord injured groups. These results suggest that the reorganization process may have functional perceptual and cognitive consequences. In an effort to determine if deafferentation affects the P3 ERP using stimuli other than somatosensory, we measured brain activity from central recording sites during an auditory “oddball” task. Additionally, we obtained brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) in order to assess subcortical primary auditory pathways as well. Results show that the SCI groups produced significantly attenuated N1/P2 complexes and P3 when compared to controls. Also, the quadriplegic group exhibited increased latencies of the P3 at frontal and central sites. There were no differences between groups in BAER results. These findings suggest that primary subcortical auditory information processing stages remain intact after SCI although later stages may be significantly altered. (J Spinal Cord Meet, 18:208–215)  相似文献   
84.
Converging evidence suggests that frontostriatal abnormalities underlie OCD symptoms. The event-related potential P300 is generated along a widely distributed network involving several of the areas implicated in OCD. P300 abnormalities reported in patients with OCD suggest increased activity in these areas. The aim of the present study was to investigate this assumption in unmedicated patients with OCD, and to assess the effects of OCD treatment on P300 brain activity patterns. Seventy-one unmedicated patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD and 71 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects participated in the study. The P300 was obtained through 32-channel EEG during an auditory oddball paradigm. Forty-three patients underwent a second EEG assessment after treatment with sertraline and behavioural therapy. Low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) was used to localize the sources of brain electrical activity. Results: Increased P300-related activity was observed predominantly in the left orbitofrontal cortex, but also in left prefrontal, parietal and temporal areas, in patients compared to controls at baseline. After treatment, reduction of left middle frontal cortex hyperactivity was observed in patients. Conclusions: Findings of increased activity in frontoparietal areas in patients are consistent with several previous studies. Importantly, OCD treatment led to reduction of hyperactivity in the left middle frontal cortex, an area associated with context processing and uncertainty that might be important for the emergence of OCD symptoms. Thus, the present study is the first to show an association between P300 abnormalities and activity in brain regions postulated to be involved in the pathophysiology of OCD.  相似文献   
85.
目的:探讨酒精所致精神障碍患者事件诱发电位P300的特点。方法:对30例酒精所致精神障碍患者(研究组)和31名正常人(正常对照组)进行事件诱发电位P300的检测,并与正常对照组进行配对t检验和相关分析。结果:与正常对照组比较,酒精所致精神障碍患者P300潜伏期N2、P3显著延长(t=2.318,沁2.335;P〈0.05);P300波幅N1、N2、P3显著降低(t=-2.414;t=-2.613,t=-4.453;P〈0.05或P〈0.001)。相关分析显示,酒精所致精神障碍患者饮酒年限以及饮酒量与P300潜伏期、波幅之间无明显相关(r=-0.128~-0.274,r=-0.075~0.328;P均〉0.05)。结论:酒精所致精神障碍患者存在认知功能损害,P300可作为酒精所致精神障碍患者检测项目之一。  相似文献   
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89.
目的 通过研究伴中央颞区棘波的儿童良性癫(痫)(benign childhood epilepsy with centro-tem-poral spikes,BECT)患儿的脑电图放电指数、智力测试得分及事件相关电位P300潜伏期,分析治疗前后脑电图放电指数与认知功能的改变.方法 选取60例BECT患儿,治疗前后均监测视频脑电图、智力测试及P300,并比较三者结果之间的差异.结果 (1)BECT患儿通过左乙拉西坦、拉莫三嗪治疗后VEEG放电较治疗前明显减少,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).(2)治疗3个月、6个月P300潜伏期与治疗前比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).(3)治疗3个月言语智商、总智商无明显改善,而操作智商提高,言语智商与总智商差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),治疗6个月所有患儿的言语智商、操作智商及总智商均升高,差异具有统计学意义(均P <0.05).(4)脑电图放电指数与P300相关性分析结果(r=0.175),与智力测试的相关性分析结果(r =0.044),呈负相关.结论 BECT患儿均存在智力受损,脑电图放电越频繁,P300潜伏期延长,智力受损害越严重.左乙拉西坦、拉莫三嗪治疗后智力均有所改善,治疗时间越长,智力改善越明显.  相似文献   
90.
目的 明确GATA4在小鼠胚胎心脏发育过程中的时序表达,并阐明其组蛋白修饰调控机制.方法 选取胎龄11.5 d(E11.5)至新生0.5d胎鼠心脏,RT-PCR检测胎鼠心肌细胞中GATA4mRNA表达水平,CHIP-QPCR检测GATA4启动子区组蛋白H3K9ac水平及与CBP/P300的结合水平.用CBP30干预心肌祖细胞,RT-PCR检测心肌祖细胞在不同浓度CBP30(0.5、1、2、4μmol/L)干预不同时间点(6、12、24、36 h)后GATA4 mRNA表达水平,CHIP-QPCR检测心肌祖细胞中GATA4启动子区组蛋白H3 K9 ac水平及与CBP/P300的结合水平.结果 ①小鼠胚胎心脏发育过程中GATA4表达量,E14.5明显高于E11.5(P <0.05);CHIP结果显示E14.5 GATA4启动子区组蛋白H3 K9 ac水平高于E11.5(P <0.05);E14.5与CBP/P300的结合水平亦高于E11.5(P <0.05).②CBP30干预心肌祖细胞后,GATA4表达量较对照组明显降低(P<0.05).CHIP结果显示CBP30组GATA4启动子区组蛋白H3K9ac水平及与CBP/P300的结合水平较对照组显著降低(P<0.05).结论 CBP/P300可通过介导组蛋白H3 K9乙酰化修饰参与调控GATA4在小鼠胚胎心脏发育过程中的时序表达.  相似文献   
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