HFJV联合药物治疗兔海水淹溺肺水肿

目的：观察高频喷射通气（HFJV）联合4种药物治疗海水淹溺肺水肿（PE-SWD）的效果并探讨其作用机制。方法：用海水灌注的方法诱导PE-SWD模型,采用HFJV联合地塞米松、东莨菪碱、尼莫地平和果糖二磷酸钠4种药物进行治疗,观察记录相关的生理、生化指标。结果：HFJV联合4种药物治疗能明显改善PE-SWD相关指标。结论：HFJV联合4种药物治疗能有效治疗PE-SWD,可作为其基础治疗。     

Developing rational protocols for paediatric psychopharmacological prescribing.

The number of child psychiatrists, paediatricians and general practitioners prescribing psychotropic medication for children in the UK is increasing. Medication is being used not just to treat children of normal intelligence with hyperkinetic disorder or depression, but also to modify behavioural problems in children with developmental disorders and severe learning difficulties. Literature reviews highlight the lack of robust randomized controlled drug trials on which to base clinical practice and the authors have found no appropriate existing protocols to help develop a systematized approach. Against such a background the authors have developed a comprehensive set of protocols covering prescribing details for individual drugs, and also addressing issues such as informed consent, long-term monitoring and school liaison. All children referred to the authors' clinics go through a standardized decision-making process. This article describes both the protocols themselves and the philosophies that guided their development. The authors describe how such a system benefits the children, their families, general practitioners and schools, whilst also facilitating audit and research.     

多巴酚丁胺与复方丹参注射液联用治疗肺心病心衰32例

目的　观察多巴酚丁胺与复方丹参注射液联合应用治疗肺心病心衰的疗效; 方法　在综合治疗的基础上,将多巴酚丁胺２０ｍｇ 加入１０％ 的葡萄糖２５０ｍｌ 中静滴, 复方丹参注射液１６ｍｌ 加入１０％ 的葡萄糖２５０ｍｌ 中静滴,每日一次,７ 日为一疗程,所获数据经卡方检验; 结果　治疗组显效２１ 例,有效８ 例,总有效率９０．６ ％（ Ｘ２ ＝９ ．３６,Ｐ＜０ ．０５）,与对照组比较,有显著性差异; 结论　改善肺微循环,提高心肌收缩力,减轻心脏负荷有助于肺心病心衰的纠正。     

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome during low dosed neuroleptic medication in first-episode psychosis: a case report

 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but potentially fatal side-effect of antipsychotic drug therapy, especially of dopamine receptor antagonists. As a dose relationship has been postulated, low dose neuroleptization would be expected to help to avoid this side-effect. In contrast, we report on a 21-year-old female following low dose fluphenazine treatment with 2.5 mg/day. The patient recovered from NMS after 3 days of dantrolene administration. Eventually, remission from psychotic symptoms was achieved with clozapine. At 8-month follow-up, psychopathology remained stable and there were no more signs of NMS. Received: 8 July 1998 / Final version: 6 November 1998     

西藏高原藏族患者用药依从性调查

目的 :了解西藏高原藏族患者用药依从性现状 ,探讨提高患者用药依从性的方法。方法 :采用问卷调查法 ,对188例藏族患者进行疾病种类、用药情况、依从性情况调查。结果 :用药依从性与疾病性质、患者文化程度、患者对疾病的认知程度有关。提高患者对疾病及其药物治疗的认知程度 ,强化医师与患者的沟通及加强用药指导不失为提高患者用药依从性的好方法。结论 :针对不同年龄患者 ,其用药咨询服务内容应有所区别     

药浴剂的研究和应用

药浴剂为综合性新剂型。药浴剂是医务工作者在患者的配合下共同配制的洗浴药水。药浴剂在给药范围上应用广泛；在用药途径上，属于外用药中的一种；在治疗方法上属于透皮疗法；在临床应用上，可以治疗或辅助治疗各学科的多种疾病。药浴剂治疗疾病的机理有二，其一是透过全身汗毛孔进入体内，其二是刺激各个穴位，通行十二经脉，透达全身，激活或调动体内各器官和组织的积极因素，以加强五脏六腑的功能，达到治疗疾病的目的。     

Prosopo-Thoracopagus Conjoined Twins and Other Cephalopagus-Thoracopagus Intermediates: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Prosopo-thoracopagus twins are united from the face down to the umbilicus, none with union in the brain but all with visceral anomalies intermediate between those of cephalopagus and thoracopagus. In a review of over 1200 cases of conjoined twins reported during the past 100 years, there were 14 that illustrate the continuum between cephalopagus and thoracopagus, including three that were united only from the cervical region to the umbilicus. Classic cephalopagus twins are joined from the top of the head to the umbilicus, sharing a single foregut as well as two relatively normal hearts, the “posterior” one often diminished. Typical thoracopagus, however, are conjoined only from the upper thorax to the umbilicus, each twin with a normal foregut but both sharing a single complex multiventricular heart. The intermediate cases shared either a single very abnormal heart or two hearts united by double aortic arches, and all except one had a single foregut. It is these cases intermediate between cephalopagus and thoracopagus which are the subject of this report. Received September 11, 1996; accepted December 16, 1996     

冠心病伴下肢外周动脉病住院患者患病率及用药状况分析

目的 了解我国冠心病住院患者下肢外周动脉病（peripheral arterial disease，PAD）的患病率及用药状况。方法 连续入选上海第十人民医院等32家医院的冠心病住院患者1228例为研究对象；测量踝臂指数（ankle-brachial index，ABI）并收集用药情况；ABI〈0．9诊断为PAD。结果 冠心病患者的PAD患病率为32．4％；PAD患者中67．6％使用他汀类药物，70．1％使用ACEI类药物，87．4％使用抗血小板药物，62．8％的PAD患者同时使用他汀类和抗血小板药物；多元分析PAD患者使用利尿剂的OR及95％CI为1．719（1．252～2．539），其他用药情况对PAD没有显示统计学差别。结论 冠心病患者常伴有下肢外周动脉病，临床上未引起对PAD的足够重视，应在治疗冠心病的同时给予PAD正规积极的治疗。     

地塞米松-氢氧化钙-碘仿糊剂在急性根尖周炎治疗中的应用

目的探讨地塞米松-氢氧化钙-碘仿糊剂在急性根尖周炎根管封药治疗中的临床疗效。方法临床46例急性根尖周炎根管预备的病例,随机分实验组(地塞米松-氢氧化钙-碘仿糊剂组)和对照组(甲醛甲酚组)各23例,两组均行两次法完成根管治疗术。实验组暂封地塞米松-氢氧化钙-碘仿糊剂,对照组暂封甲醛甲酚(FC)药物,观察术后疼痛反应。结果地塞米松-氢氧化钙-碘仿糊剂根管封药组疼痛率(13.0%)低于甲醛甲酚根管封药组(47.8%)。结论地塞米松-氢氧化钙-碘仿糊剂可以有效地预防根管治疗期间的疼痛和水肿,并降低其发生率。     

超声电导透皮给药与静脉给药的血药浓度对比及儿科临床应用

目的通过测定头孢哌酮钠经超声电导透皮给药与静脉给药后人的血药浓度，以佐证超声电导透皮给药方法在药代动力学方面的优势。方法以等剂量头孢哌酮钠分别静脉给药及超声电导透皮给药后，分3个时间段检测人血药浓度并进行比较。结果两种给药方式比较，血药浓度差别显著，但超声电导透皮给药后的血药浓度衰减速率慢。结论超声电导透皮给药能大幅度降低血药浓度，减低了药物“首过效应”，减缓了血药浓度的峰谷变化，维持稳定而持久的血药浓度，在临床应用中也收到了良好的治疗效果。