NMDA受体与躯体内脏的痛觉调制

NMDA受体是兴奋性氨基酸的特异性受体，与神经细胞钙离子内流密切相关，参与体内各种信号传递和调节神经元的兴奋性。它由不同的亚基组成，这些亚基决定着天然NMDA受体的功能特性，其中，含NR2B亚基的受体对伤害性感受的传递和调制有重要作用。已有大量研究表明，NMDA受体在痛觉中枢敏感化的产生、维持中有重要作用；NMDA受体也可能同时介导外周敏感化和内脏痛。     

酷似脊索瘤的颅骨纤维结构不良症2例临床分析

本文报告我院收治的颅骨纤维结构不良症2例，术前误诊为颅底脊索瘤。结合文献复习，以期加深对颅骨纤维结构不良症的了解。     

A novel access method for endovascular procedures in the porcine model

Objective To evaluate the use of the saphenous artery as an alternative access for endovascular procedures in the porcine model. Methods Fourteen adult pigs (25-35kg) were used in this study, 3 pigs from an acute study and 11 from chronic studies. A 2-3 cm incision was made and a saphenous artery cutdown was performed in 24 sides. Micropunc ture sets (Boston Scientific) or 18 G puncture needles were used to access the artery. Different sizes of introducers (4-7F) were used to establish endovascular access. Angiographic catheters were then used to confirm if the access was usable. Four saphenous arteries were explanted in the pigs from a chronic study 4 to 28 days after surgical procedure. Results The saphenous artery was very easy to expose and 4-5 F introducer sheaths were able to be inserted to establish access for endovascular procedures in the pigs. The saphenous artery was unable to accomodate an introducer with a size larger than 6 F. Four saphenous arteries were injured when 5 and 6 F introducers were used, but angiographic procedures could still be performed. Morphologic evaluation of the explanted arteries demonstrated occlusion of the saphenous arteries without injury or disruption of the adjacent femoral arteries. Conclusion The saphenous artery can be used as an access site in pigs for angiographic and interventional procedures if the catheter size is less than 6 F. This vessel is easier to access and can preserve the femoral artery for repeat procedures in the future.     

直刺挠动脉成功建立血液透析通路的方法及体会

尿毒症患者绝大多数靠动一静脉内瘘维持血液透析，但对于急诊血液透析者，患者造瘘前以及少数病人由于经济原因不愿意插管者，使血液透析无法进行。因此，我中心自1997年7月至2003年12月共有344例患者接受2642次直刺挠动脉建立血液透析通路，使透析顺利进行，完成了充分透析的治疗计划。我们在实践中不断改进，总结经验，现将多年来直刺挠动脉穿刺成功的方法及体会总结如下：     

c-fos在胃肠道刺激信号传入研究中的应用

c-fos近年来在内脏刺激传入研究中应用较广，本文就其在各种胃肠道刺激传入、相关药物研究中的应用以及c-fos检测的注意事项等方面作一综述。     

Wnt/β-Catenin信号通路与抗癌治疗新靶点

晚期恶性肿瘤治疗效果较差，近几10年来其死亡率无明显改善，这是当今医学界面临的一大难题。手术治疗、化疗、放疗是恶性肿瘤的三大常规治疗手段，其中化疗在晚期恶性肿瘤的治疗中占有重要地位。但大多数化疗药物在抑制肿瘤细胞生长的同时也可非选择性抑制正常增殖活跃细胞的生长而引起严重的毒副反应；还可导致化疗相关的第二种癌；因而其应用受到了限制。故急需开发针对新靶点的选择性强的高效低毒抗癌药物。Wnt／β—Catenin信号传导通路与人类许多肿瘤的发生发展密切相关，尤其在大肠癌的发生发展中起决定性作用。近年发现大量的抗癌治疗是以Wnt／β—Catenin信号通路为靶点的。     

耳影像学与临床（十九）

图132、133主要特点仍然位于耳蜗的中旋和底旋平面，位于耳蜗内侧呈半环状的是耳蜗的中旋，耳蜗中旋的外侧圆团形结构是耳蜗的顶旋。由于耳蜗内为不流动的淋巴液，T1加权时为中低密度阴影，不易辩认，在T2加权时为高信号阴影，具有螺旋状结构。在耳蜗顶旋的上外侧，围绕着三个点状影。     

血液透析患者血管通路的建立及护理

目的：探讨建立血管通路是进行血液透析及护理的必备条件之一。方法：选择维持性血透患者34例，其中14例因病情危重需要急诊透析，故建立暂时性血管通路，一般状况尚好的终末期肾衰患者，做自体血管内瘘，2-3周开始使用，结果：切实可行的血管通路，可提高临时和长期血管通路的护理质量，结论：血管通路的建立保证了患者及时有效地透析。