关节镜下空心螺钉与缝线固定治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的疗效比较

目的比较关节镜下空心螺钉与缝线固定治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的临床及功能效果。方法回顾分析因胫骨髁间棘骨折接受关节镜下骨折固定治疗的28例患者资料,根据手术固定方法不同,将患者分为A、B两组,A组采用关节镜下空心螺钉固定;B组采用关节镜下缝线固定。对患者的手术时间、止血带应用时间等围手术期指标进行考察。在末次随访时,采用前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、特种外科医院评分（HospitalforSpecialSurgery,HSS）和Lysholm评分对膝关节的功能效果进行评估。结果共有23例患者获得最终24个月的临床及影像学随访,A组13例,B组10例。A组和B组的手术时间分为（180.3±12．7）min和（176．2±11．4）min,止血带应用时间分别为（113．7±10．4）min和（111．6±10．0）min,两组病例在手术时间和止血带应用时间方面,组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。所有病例均获骨性愈合,均未出现骨折移位。末次随访时,患侧膝关节前抽屉试验、Lachman试验均为阴性;A、B两组的平均HSS评分分别为95．0±2．9和96．8±2．4,平均Lysholm评分分别为94．2±2．1和93．8±1．9,平均膝关节屈伸活动度分为别为137．1°±9．0°和135．6°±12．1°,组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论胫骨髁间棘骨折采用关节镜下空心螺钉或缝合线固定均可确定满意的临床疗效,患者术后2年的功能效果良好。     

Distribution of human papillomavirus among women with abnormal cervical cytology in Kuwait

This study investigates the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women with abnormal cervical cytology in Kuwait. Two hundred and ninety‐eight (298) abnormal ThinPreps were taken from women seeking routine gynecological care and screened for HPV DNA by real‐time PCR. HPV genotyping was determined by PCR‐based sequencing. HPV DNA was detected in 152 women (51%), and 29 different HPV genotypes were detected, comprising 16 high‐risk (HR) (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 97), nine low‐risk (LR) (6, 11, 54, 61, 74, 81, 90, 102, 106), and four intermediate‐risk (IR) (62, 67, 84, 87). HPV16 had the highest prevalence (24.3%), followed by HPV11 (13.8%), HPV66 (11.2%), HPV33 (9.9%), HPV53 (9.2%), HPV81 (9.2%), HPV56 (7.9%) and HPV18 (6.6%). HPV prevalence was 86, 67, and 89% in women with invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC), high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), respectively. As for age distribution, 69% of all HPVs were found in women aged 20–29 years, and the HPV incidence rate deceased with increasing age. The proportion of single infections decreased as the severity of the cytological diagnosis increased, while the proportion of multiple infections increased. This study is the first of its type in Kuwait and one of few in the Middle East. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that HPV infection is the primary cause of cervical neoplasia. They support HPV vaccine research to prevent cervical cancer and efforts to develop HPV DNA diagnostic tests. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

以颈横动静脉为蒂的延长锁骨上岛状瓣折叠修复口咽瘘

目的:观察以颈横动静脉为蒂的延长锁骨上岛状瓣折叠修复口咽瘘的临床效果.方法:利用以颈横动静脉为蒂的延长锁骨上岛状瓣修复11例口咽癌切除术后出现口咽瘘的患者,评价修复效果.11例患者包括8例男性,3例女性.口咽部瘘口大小3.0 cm×1.5 cm～4.0 cm×2.0 cm,颈部皮肤瘘口10 cm×6 cm～12 cm ×7 cm.结果:11例皮瓣全部成活,无严重并发症.术后随访6～18个月,患者吞咽和言语功能恢复正常,无瘘管复发和咽腔狭窄.患者对术后外形满意.结论:以颈横动静脉为蒂的延长锁骨上岛状瓣是修复口咽瘘有效和安全的方法.     

Complications in lumbar spine surgery: A retrospective analysis

Background:

Surgical treatment of adult lumbar spinal disorders is associated with a substantial risk of intraoperative and perioperative complications. There is no clearly defined medical literature on complication in lumbar spine surgery. Purpose of the study is to retrospectively evaluate intraoperative and perioperative complications who underwent various lumbar surgical procedures and to study the possible predisposing role of advanced age in increasing this rate.

Materials and Methods:

From 2007 to 2011 the number and type of complications were recorded and both univariate, (considering the patients’ age) and a multivariate statistical analysis was conducted in order to establish a possible predisposing role. 133 were lumbar disc hernia treated with microdiscetomy, 88 were lumbar stenosis, treated in 36 cases with only decompression, 52 with decompression and instrumentation with a maximum of 2 levels. 26 patients showed a lumbar fracture treated with percutaneous or open screw fixation. 12 showed a scoliotic or kyphotic deformity treated with decompression, fusion and osteotomies with a maximum of 7.3 levels of fusion (range 5-14). 70 were spondylolisthesis treated with 1 or more level of fusion. In 34 cases a fusion till S1 was performed.

Results:

Of the 338 patients who underwent surgery, 55 showed one or more complications. Type of surgical treatment (P = 0.004), open surgical approach (open P = 0.001) and operative time (P = 0.001) increased the relative risk (RR) of complication occurrence of 2.3, 3.8 and 5.1 respectively. Major complications are more often seen in complex surgical treatment for severe deformities, in revision surgery and in anterior approaches with an occurrence of 58.3%. Age greater than 65 years, despite an increased RR of perioperative complications (1.5), does not represent a predisposing risk factor to complications (P = 0.006).

Conclusion:

Surgical decision-making and exclusion of patients is not justified only by due to age. A systematic preoperative evaluation should always be performed in order to stratify risks and to guide decision-making for obtaining the best possible clinical results at lower risk, even for elderly patients.     

下呼吸道感染患者铜绿假单胞菌分离株氨基糖苷类耐药相关基因分析

目的探讨分离自下呼吸道感染患者的氨基糖苷类耐药铜绿假单胞菌的耐药机制。方法从下呼吸道感染患者痰液中分离出52株对氨基糖苷类耐药的铜绿假单胞菌,PCR法检测6种氨基糖苷类修饰酶(AMEs)基因,并检测其中泛耐药菌的6种16S rRNA甲基化酶基因(以下简称甲基化酶基因)。对阳性产物测序加以证实。结果 52株铜绿假单胞菌中检出4种AMEs基因[aac(3)-Ⅱ、aac(6’)-Ⅰb、aac(6’)-Ⅱ和ant(2″)-Ⅰ],AMEs基因总检出率为92.3%。泛耐药菌中检出1种甲基化酶基因(rmtB)。16株高水平泛耐药菌中rmtB基因的检出率为81.3%。结论分离自下呼吸道感染患者的氨基糖苷类耐药铜绿假单胞菌中AMEs基因携带率高,其对氨基糖苷类耐药与aac(3)-Ⅱ、aac(6’)-Ⅰb、aac(6’)-Ⅱ和ant(2″)-Ⅰ有关;对氨基糖苷类高水平泛耐药主要与甲基化酶基因rmtB有关。