两种不同方法定位肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的临床观察

目的 观察经肩胛舌骨肌定位和运用神经刺激器定位肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞两种方法的临床效果。方法 选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级的择期上肢手术患者60例，随机分为两组：I组（30例）通过肩胛舌骨肌定位穿刺点寻找异感；Ⅱ组（30例）使用神经刺激器定位肌间沟臂丛神经，观察肌肉节律性收缩。两组分别观察进针深度，阻滞效果及不良反应。I组还同时观察肩胛舌骨肌触摸难易度，穿刺部位以及一次异感获得率等。结果 I组肩胛舌骨肌触摸容易者27例（90％），穿刺部位距锁骨上缘1.6-3.1cm，进针深度0.5-1.5cm，一次获得异感26例（87％），阻滞效果完善，无不良反应。Ⅱ组有28例阻滞完善，另2例阻滞不全，2例出现不良反应。结论 运用神经刺激器定位肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞切实可行。而以肩胛舌骨肌定位肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞定位明确，效果满意，简单易行。     

Evaluation of plantar hyperhidrosis in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy

Background Sympathectomy is the treatment of choice for primary hyperhidrosis. One curious occurrence that is difficult to explain from an anatomophysiological point of view in cases of video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy (VATS) for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis (PH) is the observed improvement in plantar hyperhidrosis (PLH). Nevertheless, current reports on VATS rarely describe the effect on PLH or just give superficial data. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate, how surgery affects PLH in patients with PH and PLH over one-year period. Methods From May 2003 to January 2004, 70 consecutive patients with combined PH and PLH underwent VATS at the T2, T3, or T4 ganglion level (47 women and 23 men, with mean age of 23 years). Results Immediately after the operation, all the patients said they were free from PH episodes, except for two patients (2.8%) who suffered from continued PH. Compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH) of various degrees was observed in 58 (90.6%) patients after one year. Only 13 (20.3%) suffered from severe CH. There was a great initial improvement in PLH in 50% of the cases, followed by progressive regression, such that only 23.4% still presented that improvement after one year. The number of cases without overall improvement increased progressively (from 17.1% to 37.5%) and the numbers with slight improvement remained stable (32.9–39.1%). Of the 24 patients with no improvement after one year, 6 patients graded plantar sweating worse. Conclusion Patients with PH and PLH who undergo VATS to treat their PH present a good initial improvement in PLH that reduces to a lower level of improvement after the one-year period.     

力月西干预前后臂丛神经阻滞效果的分析

目的 探讨病人的心理因素对臂从神经阻滞效果的影响。方法 对746例臂丛神经阻滞进行回顾性对比，分别对肌间沟进路、锁骨上进路、腋进路进行力月西干预前后的疼痛对比。结果 三种进路的臂丛神经阻滞在力月西干预前后的疼痛相关性非常明显，或干预前后的疼痛无明显差别。结论 病人的心理精神因素在臂丛神经阻滞过程中，对阻滞效果的影响非常小。     

一种新的单侧听觉气传导持续阻滞大鼠模型

用外耳道外沿皮下缝合法制备了一种新的单侧听觉气传导持续阻滞大鼠模型。它具有制作简便、损伤较小、效果持续的优点。     

Epidural block for obstetrics: Comparison of bolus injection of local anesthetic with gravity flow technique

Study Objective: To test the hypothesis that slow administration of local anesthetic into the epidural space by gravity flow reduces the incidence of signs and symptoms of unintended injection.

Design: Prospective, randomized study.

Setting: Teaching hospital.

Patients: 600 ASA physical status I and II parturients scheduled for labor and delivery or elective cesarean section.

Interventions: After identification of the epidural space with pulsations of an air-fluid column, parturients for vaginal delivery (n = 380) were randomized to receive a test dose of 3 ml 3% 2-chloroprocaine with epinephrine 20 μg, two doses of 7 ml bupivacaine 0.03 % with sufentanil 1 μg/ml and epinephrine 2 μg/ml by either gravity flow (Group 1) given over 30 seconds or by bolus injection (Group 2) given over 5 seconds through the epidural needle; parturients for Cesarean delivery (n = 220) were randomized to receive a test dose and two doses of 6 ml lidocaine 2 % with sufentanil 1 μg/ml and epinephrine 2 μg/ml by either gravity flow or by bolus injection through the epidural needle. Changes in maternal heart rate (HR) and blood pressure, signs of intravascular injection, and adverse effects of epidural bupivacaine-sufentanil were recorded after each dose.

Measurements and Main Results: Gravity flow administration (Group 1) was associated with a smaller increase in mean maternal HR (p < 0.001), less hypotension (p < 0.01), sedation (p < 0.01), nausea (p = 0.01), and segmental spread (p < 0.0001) than were corresponding doses given by traditional bolus injection (Group 1) for vaginal or Cesarean deliveries. The incidence of systemic toxicity was zero of 300 (0%) with gravity flow and 4 of 300 (1.3%) by bolus injection, p = 0.12, Fisher's exact test. No patient in either group had an accidental intrathecal injection.

Conclusion: Gravity flow administration of local anesthetic-opioid solution during epidural block for obstetrics was associated with fewer signs of systemic drug absorption and cardiovascular perturbations than was the traditional bolus injection. This study supports the current opinion that slow administration of local anesthetic during epidural black contributes to fewer adverse events.     

Neurotoxicity after spinal anaesthesia induced by serial intrathecal injections of magnesium sulphate An experimental study in a rat model

We have previously demonstrated in a rat model that the lumbar intrathecal injection of 0.02 ml 6.3% magnesium sulphate, a concentration iso-osmolar with rat plasma, produces a state of spinal anaesthesia and general sedation which reversed completely after 6 h, without evidence of neurotoxicity, immediately or during the week thereafter. Using the same model and five groups of six animals in each, we administered the same volume and concentration of magnesium sulphate and compared its clinical effects with those of 0.02 ml 12.6% magnesium sulphate, 0.02 ml 2% lignocaine and 0.02 ml 0.9% sodium chloride solution, given as a series of 15 injections on alternate days for a period of 1 month. The animals were then killed and their spinal cords and meninges examined histologically. No significant differences were noted in the times of onset, durations of sensory and motor blockade and the times to full recovery throughout the entire period of 1 month's observation in the animals receiving intrathecal 6.3% magnesium sulphate. In the group receiving 12.6% magnesium sulphate, the time of onset of sensory and motor blockade was shorter and the duration of both parameters was significantly longer than in the former group. Full clinical recovery and resumption of normal eating and drinking took place in both groups throughout the entire series of 15 successive intrathecal injections. Identical, mild, uniform histopathological changes in the spinal cord were seen in all the five groups, including the group in which only the intrathecal catheter was implanted. The complete recovery and benign consequences of repeated intrathecal injections of iso-osmolar magnesium sulphate in a rat model indicate a lack of neurotoxicity and provide an impetus for further trials in larger animal species, before initial clinical trials of this substance, given intrathecally, in humans.     

肾上腺素对丁哌卡因肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的药效学与药代动力学的影响

目的:了解肾上腺素对丁哌卡因肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的药效学及药动学影响。方法:选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级肩部或上肢择期手术患者16例,随机分成两组,试验组与对照组各8例,分别用含或不含肾上腺素的0.75％丁哌卡因2mg/kg行肌间沟臂丛阻滞。对比观察两组的临床效果及药代动力学。结果:与对照组比较,试验组阻滞完善时间及镇痛时间延长(P<0.05或0.01)。试验组与对照组Cmax分别为0.8295±0.2893ug/ml和0.8898±0.2572ug/ml,Tmax分别为37.6018±8.3461分钟和29.3156±11.1991分钟(P>0.05)。药代动力学参数t1/2Ka及K_(21)两组间有显著性差异(P<0.05或0.01)。结论:肾上腺素能延长丁哌卡因的阻滞完善时间、镇痛维持时间及吸收半衰期,但对血药浓度无明显影响。     

Epidural pethidine and bupivacaine in labour

A double-blind randomised study was performed to assess the value of the addition of pethidine 50 mg to the initial dose of bupivacaine given for epidural analgesia in labour. Forty-nine patients received either 1 ml of saline (n = 24), or 50 mg of pethidine (n = 25), added to 9 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine as an initial injection for intrapartum epidural analgesia. There was a significant increase in the mean duration of analgesia in the pethidine group. However, pethidine did not increase the speed of onset of analgesia, or improve the quality of analgesia.     

Characteristics of peripheral blood lymphoid subpopulations of shigellosis patients

Chelyabinsk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. D. Ado.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 3, pp. 299–301, March, 1992.     

星状神经节阻滞对炎症痛兔血清皮质醇和炎症局部β-内啡肽的影响

目的 :观察星状神经节阻滞 (SGB)对福尔马林炎症痛家兔血清皮质醇 (CS)和炎症局部 β -内啡肽 (β -EP)含量的影响。方法 :选择健康家兔 1 6只 ,随机分为SGB组和对照组 ,各 8只。两组均用 8%福尔马林 0 .5ml在右前肢足底皮下注射致痛 ,致痛前 1 0minSGB组经预置导管给 0 .2 5 %布比卡因 0 .5ml,对照组给等量生理盐水。用放免法测定致痛前 1 0min(T0 )、致痛后 1 0、60和 1 2 0min(T1 、T2 和T3)血清CS及致痛 1 2 0min炎症局部 β-EP含量。结果 :致痛后对照组血清CS在各时点均较致痛前升高 ,且在T2 时达高峰 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而SGB组各时点较致痛前无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;两组相比 ,T0 时无差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,而在T1 、T2 和T3时有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1 )。SGB组致痛后 1 2 0min时炎症局部 β -EP含量明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。 结论 :SGB可抑制福尔马林刺激引起的血清CS的升高 ,并且可增加炎症局部 β-EP含量