论《卫生害虫管理学》

《卫生害虫管理学》首次在卫生害虫防制的专著中引进了"管理学"的概念,"管理"在卫生害虫治理中与环境防制、物理防制、化学防制、生物防制等具有同等地位,特别重大活动或事件的媒介生物控制中,管理更是起着决定防制成败的关键作用。《卫生害虫管理学》框架结构合理,内容精心布局,博众家之长,吸取相近学科之精髓,内容涵盖21种卫生害虫的生态与习性、与疾病的关系、控制措施等。采用通俗语言,精炼语句,深入浅出,图文并茂地展现在读者面前。该书内容全面,资料新颖,文字精炼,实用性强。全书二十章,附有插图267幅、表格88个,各章附有主要参考文献和思考题,增大了信息量,且易于读者理解。     

Withdrawal from mental and psychosocial care during pregnancy

Abstract

Psychopathology, psychosocial problems and substance use (PPS) commonly occur in pregnant women, and can have a negative impact on the course of pregnancy and the healthy development of the child. As PPS often remains undetected and untreated during pregnancy, we developed and implemented a four-step screen-and-treat protocol in routine obstetric care, with: (i) screening including triage and subsequent confirmation, (ii) indication assessment, (iii) transfer towards care and (iv) utilization of care. Adherence to the protocol and risk factors associated with dropout were examined for 236 Dutch pregnant women in a deprived urban area. Seventy-nine percent of women accepted the screening, 21% dropped out during triage, 15% during confirmation, 3% during transfer and 8% thereafter. Provided reasons for dropout were lack of time and lack of perceived benefit. In particular, smokers, multiparous women, and women of non-Western ethnicity dropout on the way towards mental and psychosocial care. For a successful implementation of the protocol in the future, with improved adherence of pregnant women to the protocol, education of women on PPS risks, motivational skills and compulsory treatment are worth investigation.     

Impact of different discharge patterns on bed occupancy rate and bed waiting time: a simulation approach

Beds are one of the most important resources in a healthcare system. How to manage beds efficiently is an important indicator of the efficiency of the healthcare system. Bed management is challenging to many healthcare service providers in many aspects. In recent years, population growth and aging society impose extra pressure on bed requirement. There are usually two key performance indicators of a bed management system: bed occupancy rate and bed waiting time. In this paper, different discharge patterns and their impacts on the bed occupancy rate and bed waiting time are studied. A discrete event simulation model is constructed to evaluate the existing discharge pattern in a Singapore regional hospital using actual hospital admission and discharge transaction data. Then different discharge patterns are tested in the same context. Simulation results show that a proper discharge pattern significantly smoothes the fluctuation of bed occupancy rate and reduce the bed waiting time.     

医疗器械检测和校准实验室设备信息化管理的设计与开发

目的:研发实验室信息管理系统仪器设备数据库,实现检测与校准仪器的信息化管理。方法:在研究国家标准"GB/T27025-2008检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求"的基础上,运用编程语言Delphi7.0和微软SQL Server 2000开发后台数据库,分析其中涉及实验室设备管理、量值溯源等要素。结果:获取到所需要的数据字段和程序流程,完成功能模块数据库的集成。结论:在符合国家标准质量体系要求的前提下,建立检测和校准实验室仪器设备信息化管理的基础架构。     

从2型糖尿病的发病机制谈糖尿病治疗的新策略

目的探讨对2型糖尿病患者的发病机制进行分析和总结,制定新的糖尿病治疗策略。方法对该院2012年—2013年收治的94例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料进行回顾分析,从其发病机制实现对糖尿病治疗新策略的探讨。结果患者胆固醇数值超过6.6 mmol/L,空腹状态的血糖数值超过6.8 mmol/L,尿白蛋白超过20.3 mg,尿酸超过479.98μmol/L。结论全面认识2型糖尿病的发病机制,并采取相应的处理措施,提出新的糖尿病治疗策略,可实现对糖尿病治疗的有效控制和治疗。     

Psychoeducation for bipolar disorder: A discourse analysis

Psychoeducation has become a common intervention within mental health settings. It aims to increase people's ability to manage a life with a long‐term illness. For people with bipolar disorder, psychoeducation is one of a range of psychosocial interventions now considered part of contemporary mental health practice. It has taken on a ‘common sense’ status that results in little critique of psychoeducation practices. Using a published manual on psychoeducation and bipolar disorder as its data, Foucauldian discourse analysis was used in the present study for a critical perspective on psychoeducation in order to explore the taken‐for‐granted assumptions on which it is based. It identifies that the text produces three key subject positions for people with bipolar disorder. To practice self‐management, a person must: (i) accept and recognize the authority of psychiatry to know them; (ii) come to see that they can moderate themselves; and (iii) see themselves as able to undertake a reflexive process of self‐examination and change. These findings highlight the circular and discursive quality to the construct of insight that is central to how psychoeducation is practiced. Using Foucault's construct of pastoral power, it also draws attention to the asymmetrical nature of power relations between the clinician and the person with bipolar disorder. An effect of the use of medical discourse in psychoeducation is to limit its ability to work with ambivalence and contradiction. A critical approach to psychotherapy and education offers an alternate paradigm on which to basis psychoeducation practices.