Mercuric Chloride Poisoning Due to Ingestion of a Stool Fixative

Abstract

We present a case of ingestion of a commonly used stool fixative containing 675?mg of mercuric chloride per 15 mL vial. Early chelator therapy with dimercaprol and aggressive hydration were initiated and the patient remained asymptomatic. Safety packaging of this product is recommended.     

国产与进口双腔中心静脉穿刺包、硬膜外穿刺包的临床应用对比研究

经过多年的努力,国产双腔中心静脉穿刺包、硬膜外穿刺包与数10年前相比,从医院自制到工厂整体制作,总体质量已达到了一定的水平,但缺乏可以客观评价的依据。本文从临床使用者—麻醉医师的角度,对国产包和进口包的方便性和安全性,从观看外包装说明了解内容、皮肤消毒、铺巾、局麻、试穿、穿刺、局部皮肤扩张、放置导丝、放置中心静脉导管、以及导管固定缝合的方便程度,并发症的发生率对各50例成年手术病人进行临床应用进行了对比研究。结果发现：国产中心静脉穿刺包、硬膜外穿刺包与美国箭牌（ARROW Kits）包相比,其质量和细节都有待进一步改进。     

结核抗体检测试剂盒用血清标准品的制备及应用

目的 结核抗体检测试剂盒质量控制用血清标准品的制备及应用。方法 采集结核病患者和健康人血清，用ELISA法进行检测，制备血清标准品：包括10份检测结果为阳性的结核病患者血清、10份检测结果为阴性的健康人血清、1份检测结果为强阳性的结核病患者血清用健康人血清进行倍比稀释而成的5个稀释浓度；并对血清标准品进行稳定性试验；同时用本套血清标准品对不同厂家生产的结核抗体检测试剂盒以及同一厂家生产的不同批号的结核抗体检测试剂盒进行测定。结果 本血清标准品具有良好的稳定性;不同厂家生产的结核抗体检测试剂盒质量不均一，同一厂家生产的试剂盒质量也不均一。结论 本血清标准品可以用于结核抗体检测试剂盒的质量控制；各生产厂家要严格按照生产工艺的SOP进行生产，把好质量关。     

Factory packed and expired – about emergency insect sting kits

Background: Patients allergic to insect venom are instructed to always carry emergency medication–an emergency kit. According to the current guidelines, these emergency kits should contain a H1‐receptor‐blocking antihistamine and corticosteroid for oral use, as well as an epinephrine inhaler and in particular situations an epinephrine auto‐injector. Patients and Methods: For quality management reasons patients with wasp venom allergy who presented for sting challenge provocation test were told to demonstrate their emergency kits. Concomitantly, constituents of the patient's emergency kits were checked for date of expiry of the medication and the patients were interviewed on storage and use of the emergency kits. Results: In total 42 patients with a median duration time of systemic immunotherapy of 2.5 year were evaluated. Medication post date of expiration was found in 54% of the kits (n = 39). Only 31% of the patients could demonstrate how to use the kits correctly. Problems were especially evident concerning for using the application of the inhaler and auto‐injector. 50% of the patients demonstrated using epinephrine auto‐injectors in such way that an accidental injection into the fingers would have resulted. Conclusion: To assure safe and effective handling of all components of the emergency kit, continuous training and repeated supervised practice is necessary.     

Comparison of pyridoxal phosphate-supplemented reagent kits for alanine aminotransferase using centrifugal analysis

The addition of pyridoxal-5-phosphate for assay of alanine aminotransferase has been recommended. The referral methods are inconvenient for high volume instrumentation due to use of multiple reagents and blanks. We adapted a well-documented method to the centrifugal analyzer as a reference for adaptation of two kit methods. Reference intervals obtained and linearity determined were all similar. The kit methods compared favorably to the referral method. Linear regression analysis yielded the following: DOW = 1.011 BERG + 1.666, r = 0.9965; SKI = 0.938 BERG + 4.559, r = 0.9926; and DSKI = 1.028 BERG + 1.051, r = 0.9889. Precision of the assays was acceptable. We concluded that automation of reagent kits incorporating pyridoxal-5-phosphate is feasible and the assays compared favorably to a recommended method. High volume instrumentation can be used without denigration of analytical quality and to allow comparability to a documented method for interlaboratory review.     

丙型肝炎病毒抗体诊断试剂盒的诊断性能评价

目的 通过与Ortho3．0丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）抗体诊断试剂盒比较，分析评价EIAgenHCV抗体诊断试剂盒（EIAgen）的诊断性能。方法应用考核试剂EIAgen和参比试剂Ortho3．0HCV抗体诊断试剂盒对2881份样本进行检测，检测结果不一致时，应用重组免疫印迹试验（RIBA）确证试剂RIBAHCV3．0或核酸试验（NAT）确证试剂进行确证，以对结果进行综合分析。结果2881份样本中，考核试剂及参比试剂检测结果均为阳性，且参比试剂的测量值／临界值（S／CO）≥3．8，或检测结果符合确证试验阳性结果的阳性标本为274份，考核试剂及参比试剂检测结果均为阳性且参比试剂的S／CO〈3．8为59份，阴性标本2539份，不确定的9份被剔除。考核试剂检测真阳性274份，无假阴性结果；真阴性2527份，假阳性12份。考核试剂敏感度为100％，高于参比试剂的98，91％；特异度为99．53％，略低于参比试剂的99．88％。考核试剂对部分国内常见HCV基因型（1a型、1b型、2a型、3型和6型）样本27份，均为真阳性，敏感度为100％，对于非HCV感染的病毒性肝炎、自身免疫性疾病及妊娠样本具有良好的特异度，特异度均为100％。溶血、脂血样本对考核试剂检测结果无影响。考核试剂阳性预测值为95．80％，阴性预测值为100％，准确性为99．57％。考核试剂S／CO≥5．9的样本301份，其中用参比试剂检测S／CO≥3，8占88．70％；考核试剂S／CO〈5．9的29份，其中用参比试剂检测S／CO〈3．8占86．21％。结论EIAgen敏感度100％，特异度较好，是一种优秀的检测抗-HCVEIAgen试剂，尤其适用于阳性样本的筛选。采用EIAgen试剂检测样本，当S／CO≥5．9时，样本的阳性预测值较高。     

一种国产HBsAg确认试剂的临床应用评价

Objective To carry out the clinical validation of a domestic HBsAg kit to evaluate its application value. Methods 543 serum samples with HBsAg ELISA values of S/CO ≥ 0. 7 were tested by HBsAg confirmatory test. Specific anti-HBs reagent and control reagent were added separately into duplicate wells of HBsAg ELISA plate, in which test sample was also added. After incubation at 37℃, HBsAg was detected by routine ELISA, and the inhibition rate was calculated using absorbanee (A) result of anti-HBs reagent well and control reagent well according to the provided formula. The sample was confirmed as HBsAg positive when the inhibition rate was≥50%. For HBsAg weakly positive samples, "prolonged confirmatory test" (conjugate reaction time was prolonged to 120 rain) was applied to increase the sensitivity. 39 samples were randomized selected for testing and comparison with Abbott Murex confirmatory test. Results 543 serum samples in total were tested by the confirmatory test. Among the 504 cases which showed positive reaction in screening HBsAg ELISA, 89 ( 17. 7% ) were confirmed as negative. According to their S/CO value of the screening HBsAg test, the ratio of negative cases / tested eases in the group were:S/CO≤<5.0, 87/143 (60. 8% ) ;5.0 < S/CO ≤ 10. 0,0/25 (0) ;10. 0 < S/CO ≤ 15.0, 1/21 (4. 8% ) ;15.0 < S/CO ≤ 20. 0, 1/23 (4. 4% ) ;S/CO 20. 0, 0/292(0). Among 39 cases with negative HBsAg (0. ≤kits. Weakly positive (S/CO≤5.0) serum samples detected by primary HBsAg ELISA should be tested with confirmatory test, which is not necessary for strongly positive (S/CO 20. 0) samples. More clinical studies should be performed to establish a proper cut-off for the S/CO value of weakly positive samples.     

标准化配置换药包预防骨科PICC导管相关性感染的研究

目的探讨标准化配置换药包对预防骨科PICC导管相关性感染的疗效。方法选择急诊收治的98例符合PICC中心静脉置管适应症的骨科患者为研究对象,随机将其分为对照组和观察组,各49例,置管过程中对照组使用常规换药包,观察组使用标准化配置换药包,对比分析两组导管相关性感染相关指标。结果观察组患者导管相关性血流感染率、出口部位感染发生率、感染发生率均低于对照组(P0.05);2组PICC置管术后在白细胞计数、抗生素使用时间、维护依从性及住院时间等方面比较,观察组均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论标准化配置换药包在预防骨科PICC导管相关性感染方面疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。     

2种不同试剂检测血清免疫球蛋白结果的可比性及偏倚评估

目的进行2种不同免疫球蛋白诊断试剂对血清免疫球蛋白测定结果的可比性及偏倚评估研究,为血清免疫球蛋白测定的标准化和临床实验室认可提供实验数据。方法参考美国临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)的EP9A2文件,分别用执诚试剂和优利特试剂在HITACHI7600-010全自动生化分析仪上测定免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA和IgM,以执诚试剂为对照组,优利特试剂为实验组。用线性回归统计法分析对照组(Y)和实验组(X)测定结果决定水平处的方法间误差,以美国临床实验室修正法规(CLIA′88)规定的室间质量评价允许误差范围的1/2为标准,判断不同试剂的临床可接受性。结果两种试剂对患者血清免疫球蛋白测定结果显示,方法内重复性良好,无离群点,除IgA在决定水平处的系统误差不能被接受外,其余项目测定结果的偏差临床可以接受。结论当同一实验室同一检验项目存在2个或以上的试剂时,应进行方法比对和偏差评估,判断其临床可接受性,以保证检验结果的可比性。     

国产和进口HIV酶联免疫试剂盒精确性检测比较

目的通过检测东莞市中心血站购进的进口及国产HIV抗体酶联免疫试剂盒的精确性,以评价其质量及实用性。方法对所购进口、国产试剂盒每批次进行随机抽样,采用国家标准品的考核血清盘共47个样本进行检测,计算每批次的特异性、灵敏度、精密度等指标,计算其批间变异系数并进行比较分析。结果进口抗-HIV诊断试剂盒有3个批号的特异性为95％,7个为100％;国产抗-HIV诊断试剂盒,2个批号的特异性为95％,8个为100％;灵敏度全部为100％,两者比较没有统计学差异。采用10批次的进口和国产试剂盒平行检测47个血清盘标准样本,比较其吸光度值的变异系数,有统计学差异。结论第四代进口抗-HIV诊断试剂盒与国产比较,都符合国家有关规定,第四代进口试剂检测灵敏度和特异性并没有明显优势,但其总体稳定性优于国产试剂。