不同加药环境对输液微粒影响的探讨

目的探讨不同环境加药对输液微粒数的影响。方法分别测定A(100级净化台内)、B(10万级洁净房间)、C(治疗室清洁消毒后10min)、D(治疗室清洁消毒后240min)环境空气的微粒、细菌数,并在相应环境下进行输液加药,然后分别检测加药后输液的不溶性微粒数。结果A为净化环境;B较一类洁净环境;C接近二类环境标准;D细菌数超出三类环境3.13倍;A、B加药后输液的微粒数符合药典要求,C加药输液的微粒数接近药典要求,D加药后输液的微粒数超出药典要求数倍(10pm以上超4.37倍,25μm以上超8.31倍)。结论A环境是最理想的加药环境,B环境是良好的加药环境;在没有净化条件的情况下,C环境可作为加药环境,D环境不可作为加药环境。     

人工关节磨损颗粒的分形表征及分类特征分析

目的研究膝关节模拟实验条件下超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)磨损颗粒的形态及分形表征,对磨损颗粒进行分类特征分析,探讨分形维数与磨损状态的相关性。方法采用膝关节模拟器以实现模拟膝关节磨损运动,股骨、衬垫分别选用医用锻造CoCrMo合金和UHMWPE。磨损颗粒提取依据标准ISO 17853进行,利用磨粒轮廓自动提取与分形识别系统对磨损颗粒进行分形分析,采用网格划分、聚类分析和遗传模拟退火算法3种模型对磨粒进行分类识别。结果 UHMWPE单体磨粒的分形特征明显,尺寸较大的条形磨屑过渡到尺寸较小的类球形磨粒时,雷达分形维数不断减小,球状磨粒的分形维数D接近0。遗传模拟退火算法模型磨粒群体分类划分的分形维数内加权误差平方和最小,聚类特征明显。当磨损运行周期较低时,分形维数较大的条状、针叶状和纤维状磨粒占比较大,磨损以犁沟和剥落磨损为主;随磨损周期的延长,大分形维数磨粒占比下降,低分形维数的片状、块状和类球状磨粒占比上升,磨损向疲劳磨损和黏着磨损转变,磨损状态过渡到复合磨损期。当进入稳定磨损期后,各类形态磨粒的占比例变化不大。由于小尺寸磨粒的数量增加,群体分形维数有所减小。结论以改进雷达图分形方法为基础的磨粒轮廓自动提取与分形识别系统,可用于人工关节磨损颗粒的形态轮廓提取、分形维数计算和参数统计,为人工关节磨粒的识别和诊断提供新的数字化分析工具。     

Synthesis of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Using MgO/MgCl2/TiCl4 Core–Shell Catalysts

In this study, MgO/MgCl₂/TiCl₄ core–shell catalysts are employed for the production of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles, motivated by their advantages including simple preparation, ease of morphology control, and a dramatically reduced Cl content. It is found that the MgO/MgCl₂/TiCl₄ core–shell catalysts can provide UHMWPE at a reasonable activity, but the agglomeration of the catalyst particles leads to poor morphology of the UHMWPE. The dispersion problem is largely alleviated by modifying MgO nanoparticles with methyl oleate (MO). Thus, the MO‐modified MgO/MgCl₂/TiCl₄ core–shell catalyst successfully affords UHMWPE particles of 100–200 µm at a high yield of 8670 g‐PE g‐Cat^?1.     

Dual‐modality in vivo monitoring of subventricular zone stem cell migration and metabolism

Rat subventricular zone (SVZ) stem cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) to follow their fate and migratory potential with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Labeled cells were transplanted into either the right rostral migratory stream (RMS) or striatum of normal adult Sprague–Dawley rats and serially followed for 3 months. Minimal migration of the cells implanted into the striatum was observed after 3 weeks whereas SVZ cells implanted into the RMS migrated toward the olfactory bulb at 1 week post‐transplantation. PET studies of glucose metabolism using ¹⁸F‐FDG demonstrated enhanced glucose utilization in the striatum of transplanted animals. PET studies conducted 3 months after transplantation showed elevated accumulation of ¹¹C‐raclopride (dopamine receptor type 2) and ¹¹C‐CFT (dopamine transporter) binding in the striatal grafts. Implanted SVZ cells did not induce significant inflammation as identified by PET using ¹¹C‐PK11195, a ligand detecting activated microglia. Histological analysis identified viable SPIO‐labeled cells (some of which were nestin‐positive) 7 weeks post‐transplantation, suggesting a prolonged presence of undifferentiated neural stem cells within transplants. In addition, double immunostaining for neuronal and astrocytic markers (NeuN and GFAP) indicated that differentiation into neuronal and astrocytic phenotypes also occurred. Thus, combining MRI and PET enables monitoring of cell migration and metabolism non‐invasively in vivo for extended periods of time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adenovirus based HPV L2 vaccine induces broad cross-reactive humoral immune responses

Oncogenic high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections cause a substantial number of genital and non-genital cancers worldwide. Approximately 70% of all cervical cancers are caused by the high-risk HPV16 and 18 types. The remaining 30% can be attributed to twelve other high-risk HPV-types. Highly efficacious 2-valent, 4-valent and 9-valent L1 protein based prophylactic HPV vaccines are available however with limited cross-protection. To further increase the coverage, development of a multivalent cross-protective HPV vaccine is currently focused on the conserved N-terminus of HPV’s L2 protein. We have developed a vaccine candidate based on the rare human adenovirus type 35 (HAdV35) vector that displays a concatemer of L2 protein epitopes from four different HPV-types via protein IX (pIX). A mix of two heterologous HAdV35 pIX-L2 display vectors present highly conserved linear epitopes of nine HPV-types. Each HAdV35 pIX-L2 display vector exhibits a good manufacturability profile. HAdV35 pIX-L2 display vaccine vectors were immunogenic and induced neutralizing antibodies against HPV-types included in the vaccine and cross-neutralizing antibodies against distant a HPV-type not included in the vaccine in mice. The HAdV35 pIX-L2 display vectors offer an opportunity for a multivalent HAdV-based prophylactic HPV vaccine.     

生脉注射液的可见异物控制与研究

摘 要 目的：了解生脉注射液中可见异物的基本情况,对其可见异物的控制及检查方法进行研究。方法: 对收集到的生脉注射液样品,分别采用灯检法及光散射法进行可见异物检查,汇总结果,并予以分析;同时考察生脉注射液的可见异物成因中外源性因素及内源性因素的影响。结果:市面上流通的生脉注射液样品可见异物检查的阳性检出率较低。光照、温度、pH等因素对生脉注射液的可见异物影响不大。结论:各生产企业在生脉注射液的可见异物控制方面措施有效,质量控制较好。     

Leukocytes and drug-resistant cancer cells are targets for intracellular delivery by adenoviral dodecahedron

One of the major factors limiting the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy is inefficient drug delivery. Systems enabling efficient delivery and enhanced intracellular uptake appear particularly promising in this respect. Virus-like particle, adenoviral dodecahedron (Dd), employs receptor-mediated endocytosis for cell penetration and is able to deliver intracellularly dozens of cargo molecules attached to one particle. We focused on studying Dd properties in the context of cancer treatment, showing that intratumoral injection of Dd, assessed in mouse xenograft model, results in vector accumulation in tumor without spreading in off-target organs. Moreover, we demonstrated that Dd is a promising vector targeting leukocytes and drug-resistant cancer cells. Dd uptake by human blood cells analyzed in vitro indicated the preference for leukocytes in comparison to red blood cells and platelets. Furthermore, internalization of Dd-doxorubicin conjugate by drug-resistant cells leads to increased nuclear accumulation of doxorubicin and significant enhancement of cytotoxicity against target cancer cells.     

Structural Characterization and Formulation Development of a Trivalent Equine Encephalitis Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Candidate

The zoonotic equine encephalitis viruses (EEVs) can cause debilitating and life-threatening disease, leading to ongoing vaccine development efforts for an effective virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine based on 3 strains of EEV (Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan or EEE, WEE and VEE VLPs, respectively). In this work, transmission electron microscopy and light scattering studies showed enveloped, spherical, and ～70 nm sized VLPs. Biophysical studies demonstrated optimal VLP physical stability in the pH range of 7.5-8.5 and at temperatures below ～50°C. Interestingly, the individual stability profiles differed notably between the 3 VLPs. Numerous pharmaceutical excipients were screened for their VLP stabilizing effects against thermal stress. Sucrose, sorbitol, sodium chloride, and pluronic F-68 were identified as promising stabilizers and the concentrations and combinations of these additives were optimized. Candidate monovalent VLP bulk formulations were incubated at temperatures ranging from ?80°C to 40°C to establish freeze-thaw, long-term (2°C-8°C) and accelerated stability trends. Good VLP stability profiles were observed at each storage temperature, except for a distinct instability observed at ?20°C. The interaction of monovalent and trivalent VLP formulations with aluminum adjuvants was examined, both in terms of antigen adsorption and desorption over time. The implications of these findings on future vaccine formulation development of EEV VLPs are discussed.     

Characterization of fructans and dietary fibre profiles in raw and steamed vegetables

Dietary fibre (DF) has many positive effects on human health associated with its functionality in the gastrointestinal tract. These benefits vary according to the type of DF. Vegetables can be a natural source of DF in the diet. However, to provide adequate nutritional advice, the content and profile of their various DF types must be characterised. This study aimed to determine the DF profile of 29 vegetables cultivated in Wallonia (Belgium) and the impact of steaming on these profiles. Using a combination of enzymatic, gravimetric and chromatographic methods, fructans, total dietary fibre (TDF), low- and high-molecular-weight soluble dietary fibre (SDF), and insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) were analysed. Results show that the DF content varies considerably among the 29 investigated vegetable varieties and species, but the influence of steaming is limited to a shift from IDF to high-molecular-weight SDF for 18 of the 29 tested vegetables, while fructans are preserved with not actual reduction in the DP.     

钛微粒对成骨细胞护骨素基因表达的调控

目的:探讨磨损微粒引起假体周围骨溶解过程中的骨保护能力,为人工关节假体松动的机制及预防研究打下基础。方法:M G-63细胞在无酚红的M EM培养基中单层培养,采用不同浓度细胞可吞噬钛微粒(粒径小于3μm对其进行24h干预或采用0.05%钛微粒干预0h、12h、24h、36h及48h,半定量R T-PC R观察其对护骨素)(OPG基因表达的影响。结果:随着钛微粒浓度及刺激时间逐渐增加,O PG m R N A表达上调逐渐增加。结论:在假体)松动病理过程中,骨保护能力增加,虽然其增加程度不及骨溶解,但为干预假体松动提供了基础。