Economic repercussions of fisheries-induced evolution

Fish stocks experiencing high fishing mortality show a tendency to mature earlier and at a smaller size, which may have a genetic component and therefore long-lasting economic and biological effects. To date, the economic effects of such ecoevolutionary dynamics have not been empirically investigated. Using 70 y of data, we develop a bioeconomic model for Northeast Arctic cod to compare the economic yield in a model in which life-history traits can vary only through phenotypic plasticity with a model in which, in addition, genetic changes can occur. We find that evolutionary changes toward faster growth and earlier maturation occur consistently even if a stock is optimally managed. However, if a stock is managed optimally, the evolutionary changes actually increase economic yield because faster growth and earlier maturation raise the stock’s productivity. The optimal fishing mortality is almost identical for the evolutionary and nonevolutionary model and substantially lower than what it has been historically. Therefore, the costs of ignoring evolution under optimal management regimes are negligible. However, if fishing mortality is as high as it has been historically, evolutionary changes may result in economic losses, but only if the fishery is selecting for medium-sized individuals. Because evolution facilitates growth, the fish are younger and still immature when they are susceptible to getting caught, which outweighs the increase in productivity due to fish spawning at an earlier age.     

个案管理模式应用于特发性中枢性性早熟患儿及其主要照护者的效果分析

目的探讨个案管理模式应用于特发性中枢性性早熟(ICPP)患儿及其主要照护者的效果,为特发性中枢性性早熟患儿及其主要照护者提供更加专业的、有效的临床护理及延伸服务,从而进一步提高满意度,降低特发性中枢性性早熟患儿主要照护者焦虑的发生。方法选取我院2014年3-9月确诊的96例ICPP患儿及其主要照护者为研究对象,将96例ICPP患儿及其主要照护者随机分为观察组和对照组,研究过程中,对照组4例患儿失访退出。最终完成研究的患儿为对照组44例,观察组48例。观察组接受个案管理,对照组接受常规护理,分别于确诊当日和接受治疗1年后,比较患儿主要照护者的焦虑发生率、患儿治疗依从性及患儿主要照护者满意度。结果两组患儿主要照护者焦虑程度、满意度前后对比以及患儿治疗依从性差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用个案管理模式能够减少患儿主要照护者的焦虑发生、提高患儿治疗依从性,从而提高患儿及主要照护者的生活质量,还可提高患儿主要照护者的满意度,改善护患关系。     

How to encourage management of feline obesity in practice

Feline obesity is a disease the veterinary professional encounters on a daily basis, yet we frequently hear that addressing the disease is more challenging in cats than dogs. Furthermore, obesity in companion animals is now recognised as a chronic incurable disease yet the statistics indicate an increasing trend in overweight and obese cats. The multifactorial causes leading to obesity create challenges in how and who addresses the disease with the client in practice. A whole-practice approach is recommended, involving vets, receptionists and nurses to ensure pet owners receive a consistent message. This article aims to provide guidance, practical solutions for the consult room, how to communicate the problem and follow through with support for clients and patients.     

医院管理决策中统计信息的应用

医院决策层的决策及其对医院工作的指导和改进建议,都是在对医院以往各项统计数据进行认真分析总结的基础上进行的。实际上医院的统计工作的目的和意义,在一定程度上也正是为医院决策层的科学决策提供有价值的参考。医院决策层通过医院的统计数据,能够对上年度计划的执行情况进行监督和检查;掌握医疗设备及床位的配置和使用的真实情况,能够通过对住院患者疾病种类、死亡率、死因、住院费用对患者的影响等一系列信息的统计分析,制定有效的管理政策、充分利用医疗设备、降低死亡率,把握医疗市场的新动向,实现优质高效管理。     

Surveillance and uncertainty: community pharmacy responses to over the counter medicine abuse

The sale of over‐the‐counter (OTC) medicines from community pharmacies offers important opportunities for members of the public to access medicines and self‐treat conditions. They are increasingly recognised, however, as having the potential for abuse and harm despite their perceived relative safety. This study reports on a qualitative study that explored the experiences and views of community pharmacy staff in relation to current practices and concerns, management and support relating to OTC medicine abuse. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of ten pharmacists and seven medicines counter assistants in the United Kingdom. Analysis of interviews indicated that a range of medicines was implicated, including opiates, sedative antihistamines, laxatives and decongestants. A surveillance role was apparent for assistants, who placed emphasis on regulations, procedure and monitoring frequency of purchases to manage abuse, with referral on to pharmacists. Frequency of purchase was central to assistants’ definition of those suspected of OTC medicine abuse, which pharmacists also utilised as well as a distinction between intentional abuse and unintentional medicine misuse. A lack of information about customers, easy access to, and poor communication between community pharmacies were emergent barriers to pharmacists providing more support. Many appeared uncertain of referral options or how pharmacists could effectively stop the problem of abuse. The commercial environment was a particular concern, in relation to customer expectations, medicine advertising and easy access to different community pharmacies. A key tension emerged between providing medicine supplies that permitted consumer freedom, with the needs of healthcare professionals to understand more about those consumers qua patients. Policy implications include the need for improved knowledge for community pharmacy staff about signposting to relevant services, increased awareness of who might be affected, and a review of how pharmacists can have more information about patients to inform OTC medicine sales.     

风险管理在动脉瘤术后持续腰大池引流中的应用

目的探讨风险管理在动脉瘤术后持续腰大池引流中的临床效果。方法将30例动脉瘤术后持续腰大池引流患者分为对照组14例及观察组16例,比较两组腰大池引流管在脱落、堵塞及过度引流置管护理中并发症的发生率。结果观察组引流管并发症的发生率明显低于对照组,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对动脉瘤术后持续腰大池引流的患者进行风险管理能降低并发症的发生率,同时提高护士的风险意识,降低护理风险。     

温岭市某医院临床患者营养分析与管理对策

目的:分析温岭市某医院临床患者营养状况,探讨营养管理的对策。方法:对5个不同临床科室300例患者进行营养状况调查。结果:所有患者BMI平均值为(22.67±4.27)kg/m2,各科患者BMI值之间差异有统计学意义(<0.05),其中普通外科轻体重率最高,内分泌科超重和肥胖率最高(<0.05)。所有患者营养不良率、贫血率及存在营养风险率分别为23.33%、21.33%及48.00%。各科营养不良率、贫血率及存在营养风险率之间差异均有统计学意义(<0.01)。结论:营养科应有针对性的为不同科室患者提供良好的营养支持,提高治疗效果和患者的生活质量。     

The curious case of cyberchondria: A longitudinal study on the reciprocal relationship between health anxiety and online health information seeking

The current study is the first to longitudinally investigate the reciprocal relationship between online health information seeking and health anxiety, i.e., cyberchondria. Expectations were that health anxious individuals who go online to find health information, experience an increase in health anxiety, which in turn will reinforce online seeking. A 4-wave longitudinal survey study among 5322 respondents aged 16–93 was conducted. Our results showed that individuals who are more health anxious than others, search online for health information more. Moreover, the results provided initial evidence for the expected reciprocal relationship between health anxiety and online health information seeking in respondents with non-clinical levels of health anxiety at the start of the study. However, this reciprocal relationship could not be found in a subsample of clinically health anxious individuals. Although for these individuals online health information seeking did not seem to exacerbate health anxiety levels, it might still serve as a maintaining factor of clinical health anxiety.