A retrospective public health analysis of the Republic of Ireland's Food Harvest 2020 strategy: absence,avoidance and business as usual

The concept of an Ecological Approach to health and including Health in All Policies warrants inter-sectoral and transdisciplinary collaboration to improve health determinants and reduce health inequities. Agriculture policies, which greatly influence food production and its environmental impacts as well as food availability and dietary consumption, are therefore of interest to public health. Increasing rates of non-communicable diseases linked to diets containing high levels of processed foods, increasing numbers of households unable to access nutritious food and the environmental consequences of the food system are amongst the major health challenges of today, both globally and in Ireland. In 2010, Ireland’s Department of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries published Food Harvest 2020 a roadmap for Irish agriculture for the subsequent decade prepared against a backdrop of rising diet-related ill-health and increasing environmental concerns. This article critically analyses the process of consultation and stakeholder involvement in the development of Food Harvest 2020 from a public health perspective. Publically available documents including submissions to the Food Harvest 2020 consultation process were the primary source of data. This study highlights a distinct absence of public health representation in the process, an avoidance of some key public health challenges and the dominance of a ‘business as usual’ approach.     

军队驻京医疗机构放射防护工作现状与分析

目的 对军队驻京部分医疗机构开展放射防护工作的情况进行调查和分析。方法 通过现状调查、现场实验测量的方式。结果 近几年军队放射防护工作不断加强,但仍存在检测能力不足、防护设计不合理、规章制度不完善等问题。结论 加强军队医疗机构放射防护工作,需进一步提高技术服务机构检测能力水平,健全医疗机构放射防护管理组织,并完善各项规章制度,加强放射防护法规、标准和规范的学习,建立坚固的技术支撑体系。     

我国药品生产企业个例药品不良反应收集现状及其思考

分析我国药品生产企业个例药品不良反应监测能力不足、上报意识不强等现状,借鉴美国、欧盟药品生产企业收集个例药品不良反应方法和经验,探讨既符合我国法律法规要求,又适应国内药品生产企业实际情况,能够切实可行的提高生产企业个例药品不良反应收集水平的对策。     

煤矿开采行业工人下背痛与职业应激关联探讨

目的探讨煤矿开采行业工人下背痛与职业应激的关联性。方法2015年1月至2016年12月,选择山西省某大型煤矿开采企业某矿区的一线生产工人472名作为研究对象,采用问卷调查方法调查其基本信息、下背痛患病信息、职业应激水平,二分类Logistic回归法分析下背痛与职业应激的关系。结果研究对象472人中186人在过去一年内发生过下背痛,下背痛年患病率为39.41%。下背痛组的职业应激任务得分高于非下背痛组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄、婚姻情况、工龄、职业应激任务、劳动强度、工作中保持同一姿势、倒班可能是下背痛的危险因素(P<0.01),吸烟可能是下背痛的保护因素(P<0.01)。结论职业应激任务可能是煤矿开采工人发生下背痛的危险因素(P<0.01),合理分配工作任务、及时疏解煤矿开采工人的职业应激,可能是预防和控制下背痛的有效途径之一。     

2010-2013年株洲市机械行业噪声危害风险分析

目的 分析株洲市机械行业噪声危害状况,为进一步制订防控噪声危害的措施提供科学依据。 方法 对株洲市2010-2013年机械加工企业的职业病危害检测资料和健康检查资料进行回顾性分析,对噪声接触率、噪声强度、听力异常检出率等指标进行了分析。 结果 2010-2013年该市受检企业平均噪声强度为(83.63±9.68)dB,呈逐年下降的趋势(F_趋势=195.36,P<0.001),总的点超标率为33.81%,呈逐年下降的趋势(χ²_趋势=108.79,P<0.001);作业人员总的噪声接触率为49.35%,听力异常检出率15.87%,其中2013年最高达23.44%;2010-2013年共检出1 557名听力异常者,其中高频听力损伤者968名,占61.92%,语频听力损伤占38.08%;听力损伤工种分布为:铆工占52.92%,电焊工22.50%,机加工9.92%。 结论 噪声是株洲市机械行业主要职业病危害因素之一,具有噪声强度大、超标率较高、工人接触时间长、接触率高等特点;噪声引起的听力损伤检出率较高,以高频听力损失为主;铆工、电焊工和机加工是控制噪声危害的关键控制点。     

Treatment of low back pain: monitoring clinical practice through audit

Objectives

Back pain is one of the most common causes of disability in the UK. Management guidelines for the treatment of acute back pain have been published. Auditing patients’ physiotherapy treatment records is one way of monitoring standards of care. Standards were developed using published evidence-based treatment, self-management guidelines and local standards within a physiotherapy outpatient department.

Design

Physiotherapy treatment notes for patients referred with low back pain were audited in 1996 (Audit 1). The audit was repeated in 2001 (Audit 2) after additional standards were implemented following the results of Audit 1.

Setting

Physiotherapy Outpatient Department, Addenbrooke's NHS Trust Hospital, Cambridge, UK.

Results

In Audit 1, 66% and 88% of patient records indicated that they were compliant with the standards for acute and chronic back pain, respectively. Sixty-four percent of patients were advised to keep active, 96% showed evidence of diagnostic triage, 65% showed evidence of mobilisation, none were recommended bed rest (100% compliance), and there was no evidence of manipulation. In Audit 2, 57% and 51% of patient records indicated that they were compliant with the standards for acute and chronic back pain, respectively. Thirty percent were considered to be yellow flags, 59% showed evidence of mobilisation, 100% showed evidence of diagnostic triage and did not recommend bed rest, 60% were referred for rehabilitation, and there was no evidence of manipulation. Changes instigated included new appointment and referral systems and new topics for staff education.

Conclusion

Auditing physiotherapy treatment notes of patients with low back pain has been shown to be useful in monitoring areas of good practice and in identifying practice in need of development. Clinical audit should be seen as a quality improvement process that aims to optimise patient care.     

2016—2020年我国中药资源学学科建设及科学研究进展与展望

中药资源学学科建设主要包涵中药资源学相关专业建设、教材体系建设、人才团队建设,以及中药资源学理论与方法技术创新、成果转化及服务社会等方面。中药资源领域的科学研究主要涉及中药资源调查研究、中药材规范化生产、中药资源有效利用、中药资源保护、中药资源产业发展等方面。在以往连续报道的基础上,对2016―2020年我国中药资源学学科建设及科学研究进展等进行归纳整理,基本反映了本领域的发展概况和广大科技工作者、企业家及管理者的代表性贡献,以期为中药与天然药物资源领域的学科建设、人才培养、科学研究、社会服务及中药产业发展起到相互借鉴的作用,共同致力于我国中医药事业和中药资源产业的高质量发展。     

岭南中药业史略探

岭南地处中国南部沿海,是著名的南药主要集散地和口岸、中成药生产基地,中药业史历史发展悠久。该文通过整理不同时代岭南中药业（药材、饮片、中成药、中药铺）相关历史文献记载,发现岭南药业起源于秦代,秦汉至南北朝时代开始缓慢发展,唐宋到元代出现了民营药店,明代出现医药商品生产,清代中药业达到鼎盛时期,民国时期出现了中药业现代经济形态。梳理岭南中药业发展史,理清其发展脉络,对于岭南中药业的传承、发展和创新具有重要的现实意义。     

Identifying and prioritizing industry-level competitiveness factors: evidence from pharmaceutical market

Background

Pharmaceutical industry is knowledge-intensive and highly globalized, in both developed and developing countries. On the other hand, if companies want to survive, they should be able to compete well in both domestic and international markets. The main purpose of this paper is therefore to develop and prioritize key factors affecting companies’ competitiveness in pharmaceutical industry. Based on an extensive literature review, a valid and reliable questionnaire was designed, which was later filled up by participants from the industry. To prioritize the key factors, we used the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS).

Results

The results revealed that human capital and macro-level policies were two key factors placed at the highest rank in respect of their effects on the competitiveness considering the industry-level in pharmaceutical area.

Conclusion

This study provides fundamental evidence for policymakers and managers in pharma context to enable them formulating better polices to be proactively competitive and responsive to the markets’ needs.