MRI 对乳腺 X 线摄影中“局灶性不对称”征象的诊断价值

目的：探讨M RI对X线摄影中乳腺“局灶性不对称”（FAB ）征象的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的46例FAB的M RI形态学特点及动态增强时间‐信号强度曲线（T IC ）的类型。结果在FAB相应区域,M RI检出46例病灶,病理证实良性病变35例,恶性病变11例。其中外形分叶及边缘毛刺的准确度、阳性预测值以及阴性预测值分别为82．61％、66．67％、86．49％和86．96％、85．71％、87．18％。T IC显示：Ⅰ型17例,均为良性;Ⅱ型6例,其中良性4例,恶性2例;Ⅲ型9例,均为恶性。M RI对其良恶性诊断的准确度为86．96％,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为81．82％与96．88％。结论 M RI能够准确判断FAB中是否存在潜在病灶,并能较准确地判断其良恶性。     

False‐positive Extra‐Mammary Findings in Breast MRI: Another Cause for Concern

Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been repeatedly shown to have a high false‐positive rate for additional findings in the breast resulting in additional breast imaging and biopsies. We hypothesize that breast MRI is also associated with a high rate of false‐positive findings outside of the breast requiring additional evaluation, interventions, and delays in treatment. We performed a retrospective review of all breast MRIs performed on breast cancer patients in 2010 at a single institution. MRI reports were analyzed for extra‐mammary findings. The timing and yield of the additional procedures was also analyzed. Three hundred and twenty‐seven breast cancer patients (average age = 53.53 ± 11.08 years) had a breast MRI. Incidental, extra‐mammary findings were reported in 35/327 patients (10.7%) with a total of 38 incidental findings. The extra‐mammary findings were located in the liver (n = 21, 60.0%), thoracic cavity (n = 12, 34.3%), kidneys (n = 1, 2.9%), musculoskeletal system (n = 3, 8.6%), and neck (n = 1, 2.9%). Eighteen of the 35 patients (51.4%) received additional radiographic imaging, 3 (8.6%) received additional laboratory testing, 2 (5.7%) received additional physician referrals and 2 (5.7%) received a biopsy of the finding. The average time to additional procedures in these patients was 14.5 days. None of the incidental, extra‐mammary findings were associated with breast cancer or other malignancy. Breast MRI was associated with a high rate (10.7%) of extra‐mammary findings, which led to costly additional imaging studies, referrals, and tests. These findings were not associated with breast cancer or other malignancies. Extra‐mammary findings highlight an unrecognized adverse consequence of breast MRI.     

Endometrial carcinoma recurring as carcinosarcoma: report of two cases

Endometrial carcinosarcoma is a rare, aggressive disease, accounting for approximately 3% of all uterine neoplasms. The emergence of sarcomatous elements is considered the evolution of subclones arising from high grade endometrial carcinomas. Here, we report two cases of primary endometrial carcinomas recurring as carcinosarcoma. Case 1. a 58-year-old postmenopausal woman diagnosed to have a poorly differentiated endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (FIGO stage IB) developed an intra-abdominal recurrence of disease after 17 months from diagnosis. Histopathological analysis documented a biphasic neoplasia consisting of an epithelial (grade 3 endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma) and a sarcomatous component. Salvage chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide, epirubicin, and then with taxotere was attempted. The patient died after 2 months. Case 2. A 56-year-old woman with a diagnosis of grade 3 endometrial adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium (FIGO stage IIIA) experienced pelvic recurrence after five months from completion of chemotherapy. Definitive histology was malignant mixed mesodermal tumor with focal areas of chondrosarcomatous elements. The patient was triaged to exclusive concomitant chemoradiotherapy and salvage chemotherapy. The patient died after 3 months. We describe two cases of high grade endometrial carcinomas recurring as carcinosarcoma, thus providing evidence that the metaplastic sarcomatous evolution is a very rare event which can occur in patients with anaplastic endometrial cancer.     

Prognostic factors in hepatic metastases of colorectal carcinoma: immunohistochemical analysis of tumor biological factors

The present study was designed to provide a systemic analysis of prognosis in 62 patients who underwent hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastasis. The analyzed factors included microvessel counts stained by CD34 and expression of two adhesion molecules, E-cadherin and CD44 variant exon 6-(v6) in these tumors. No significant factors related to recurrence were identified and only negative expression of CD44v6 tended to correlate with recurrence (P = 0.075). A short disease-free period to recurrence was noted in patients with high CEA levels (>10 ng/ml) and H2/3 classification. A short surgical margin, H2/3 classification, high microvessel counts (>60/field, x200), and negative expression of CD44v6 and E-cadherin tended to be associated with poor prognosis. A high microvessel count was the most significant prognostic factor by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. Hepatic resection without tumor exposure and a careful follow-up in cases identified with poor prognostic factors are necessary.     

自发性甲状腺皱缩结节与甲状腺乳头状癌的超声鉴别诊断研究

目的探究自发性甲状腺皱缩结节常规超声和超声造影检查下(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)的表现特点,并与甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinomas,PTC)进行鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析2019年2月至2020年1月于南昌大学第一附属医院就诊且经细针穿刺(fine-needle aspiration,FNA)细胞学或术后病理证实的39例自发性甲状腺皱缩结节患者(46个结节,即皱缩结节组),其中男12例,女27例,年龄25~76 岁,以及同时期经术后病理确诊的PTC患者中随机选取32例(36个癌灶,即PTC组),其中男8例,女24例,年龄23~68 岁。比较2组病变的大小、形状、边界、回声、钙化、血流信号等常规超声表现,其中28个皱缩结节及30个PTC在FNA或术前行CEUS检查,分析比较2组在增强模式下的表现。采用两独立样本t检验、χ2检验或Fisher精确检验比较2组的超声表现,差异有统计学意义者行二元Logistic回归检验是否为独立预测风险因素。结果单变量分析示皱缩结节组与PTC组相比,更常表现纵横比<1、边界清晰、极低回声以及无或点线状增强方式,差异有统计学意义(纵横比<1者∶36比17,χ2 =8.511;边界清晰:30比15,χ2 =4.523;极低回声:27比9,χ2=9.310;无或点线状增强方式:24比3,χ2 =33.369;P值均<0.05),多变量Logistic回归分析示结节纵横比<1、边界清晰及极低回声为皱缩结节的独立风险预测因子(OR值分别为5.204、3.134和5.042,P值分别为0.003、0.031和0.003)。其中15个皱缩结节从良性表现至首次可疑恶性的时间跨度为(18.6±10.5)个月,初始最大长径缩小(24.3±11.4)mm。结论皱缩结节相较于PTC超声检查中更常表现为纵横比<1、边界清晰、极低回声和无或点线状增强方式。结合随访过程中患者历史超声检查有助于诊断。     

Detection of Extrapulmonary Malignancy During Lung Cancer Screening: 5-Year Analysis at a Tertiary Hospital

PurposeThe aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and outcomes of extrapulmonary malignancies identified on lung cancer screening (LCS) and to determine the cost associated with the investigation of these lesions.MethodsThis retrospective study included 7,414 low-dose CT studies performed between June 2014 and December 2019 on 4,160 patients as part of an established LCS program. Patients with indeterminate extrapulmonary lesions were identified, and the diagnostic workup, management, and outcomes of the lesions were determined. Costs related to diagnostic evaluation were estimated using 2020 total facility relative value units and the 2020 Medicare conversion factor. Out-of-pocket costs were extracted from billing records.ResultsThere were 20 extrapulmonary malignancies among 241 reported lesions in 225 patients (mean age, 66.1 ± 6.4 years; 109 men, 116 women). The prevalence of extrapulmonary malignancy was 20 of 4,160 (0.48%). Early-stage cancers were detected in 13 of 20 (65%). No cancer-specific mortality was observed. The predictive value for malignancy varied by organ (P = .03) and was highest in the chest wall and axilla (36.4%), followed by bone (25%). The average cost on the basis of Medicare reimbursement for diagnosis of an extrapulmonary malignancy on LCS was $1,316.03 ($6.33 per participant and $109.21 per indeterminate incidental lesion). Most patients (203 of 225 [90.2%]) did not have out-of-pocket costs related to diagnostic workup. In those who did, the median cost was $160.60 (range, $75-$606.76).ConclusionsLow-dose CT for LCS detects extrapulmonary malignancy with high predictive value for certain locations. There is cost associated in the workup related to these incidental lesions, but most malignancies are detected at early stages and have good outcomes.