气相色谱法测定厄贝沙坦中9种残留溶剂

目的:建立厄贝沙坦原料药中9种残留溶剂(甲醇,乙醇,丙酮,异丙醇,乙腈,二氯甲烷,甲基叔丁基醚,乙酸乙酯及甲苯)的检测方法。方法:色谱柱为Kromat KB-624(30 m×0.53 mm,3.0μm);程序升温;载气为氮气,流速为5.0 ml·min-1;进样口温度为200℃;检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器,检测器温度为250℃;顶空进样,顶空瓶平衡温度为80℃,平衡时间20min。以二甲基亚砜为溶剂,用外标法测定9种残留溶剂的量,进样量为1 ml。结果:在本色谱条件下,9种残留溶剂分离良好。在各自的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 1),平均回收率为99.08%~105.14%,RSD为1.1%~3.3%(n=9);定量限分别为15.68,25.45,1.09,10.61,4.54,5.73,1.04,10.58,1.89μg。结论:本方法简便,准确,重复性好,可用于厄贝沙坦原料药中多种残留溶剂的同时测定。     

Functional Connections of the Vestibulo-spino-adrenal Axis in the Control of Blood Pressure Via the Vestibulosympathetic Reflex in Conscious Rats

Significant evidence supports the role of the vestibular system in the regulation of blood pressure during postural movements. In the present study, the role of the vestibulo-spino-adrenal (VSA) axis in the modulation of blood pressure via the vestibulosympathetic reflex was clarified by immunohistochemical and enzyme immunoassay methods in conscious rats with sinoaortic denervation. Expression of c-Fos protein in the intermediolateral cell column of the middle thoracic spinal regions and blood epinephrine levels were investigated, following microinjection of glutamate receptor agonists or antagonists into the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and/or sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced hypotension. Both microinjection of glutamate receptor agonists (NMDA and AMPA) into the MVN or rostral ventrolateral medullary nucleus (RVLM) and SNP-induced hypotension led to increased number of c-Fos positive neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of the middle thoracic spinal regions and increased blood epinephrine levels. Pretreatment with microinjection of glutamate receptor antagonists (MK-801 and CNQX) into the MVN or RVLM prevented the increased number of c-Fos positive neurons resulting from SNP-induced hypotension, and reversed the increased blood epinephrine levels. These results indicate that the VSA axis may be a key component of the pathway used by the vestibulosympathetic reflex to maintain blood pressure during postural movements.     

“985工程”高校图书馆新生专栏的建设现状与建议

鉴于图书馆新生专栏建设的重要性,选取了39所"985工程"高校图书馆网站作为样本,调研图书馆新生专栏建设情况,发现共有15所高校图书馆网站开设了新生专栏,分析了这些高校图书馆网站新生专栏的位置、内容和形式等特点,介绍了清华大学图书馆、上海交通大学图书馆、中山大学图书馆等典型的新生专栏案例,并对图书馆新生专栏栏目设置、内容、形式等提出了相关建议。     

《中国妇幼健康研究》2011至2013年载文的计量学分析

根据文献计量学的方法,对《中国妇幼健康研究》2011至2013年编发论文情况进行统计分析.分析载文量、栏目构成、第1作者年龄、学历及职称、第1作者研究方向、引文类型、基金项目资助等情况,以期了解期刊的刊文趋势和发展方向,为保证该刊学术质量及进一步提高刊物的整体质量提供参考.     

Direct Measurement of ATP7B Peptides Is Highly Effective in the Diagnosis of Wilson Disease

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Immunoaffinity Extraction and Alternative Approaches for the Analysis of Toxins in Environmental,Food or Biological Matrices

The evolution of instrumentation in terms of separation and detection allowed a real improvement of the sensitivity and analysis time. However, the analysis of ultra-traces of toxins in complex samples requires often a step of purification and even preconcentration before their chromatographic analysis. Therefore, immunoaffinity sorbents based on specific antibodies thus providing a molecular recognition mechanism appear as powerful tools for the selective extraction of a target molecule and its structural analogs to obtain more reliable and sensitive quantitative analysis in environmental, food or biological matrices. This review focuses on immunosorbents that have proven their efficiency in selectively extracting various types of toxins of various sizes (from small mycotoxins to large proteins) and physicochemical properties. Immunosorbents are now commercially available, and their use has been validated for numerous applications. The wide variety of samples to be analyzed, as well as extraction conditions and their impact on extraction yields, is discussed. In addition, their potential for purification and thus suppression of matrix effects, responsible for quantification problems especially in mass spectrometry, is presented. Due to their similar properties, molecularly imprinted polymers and aptamer-based sorbents that appear to be an interesting alternative to antibodies are also briefly addressed by comparing their potential with that of immunosorbents.     

Functional organization and connectivity of the dorsal column nuclei complex reveals a sensorimotor integration and distribution hub

The dorsal column nuclei complex (DCN‐complex) includes the dorsal column nuclei (DCN, referring to the gracile and cuneate nuclei collectively), external cuneate, X, and Z nuclei, and the median accessory nucleus. The DCN are organized by both somatotopy and modality, and have a diverse range of afferent inputs and projection targets. The functional organization and connectivity of the DCN implicate them in a variety of sensorimotor functions, beyond their commonly accepted role in processing and transmitting somatosensory information to the thalamus, yet this is largely underappreciated in the literature. To consolidate insights into their sensorimotor functions, this review examines the morphology, organization, and connectivity of the DCN and their associated nuclei. First, we briefly discuss the receptors, afferent fibers, and pathways involved in conveying tactile and proprioceptive information to the DCN. Next, we review the modality and somatotopic arrangements of the remaining constituents of the DCN‐complex. Finally, we examine and discuss the functional implications of the myriad of DCN‐complex projection targets throughout the diencephalon, midbrain, and hindbrain, in addition to their modulatory inputs from the cortex. The organization and connectivity of the DCN‐complex suggest that these nuclei should be considered a complex integration and distribution hub for sensorimotor information.     

Noninvasive measurement of sensory action currents in the cervical cord by magnetospinography

ObjectiveTo obtain magnetic recordings of electrical activities in the cervical cord and visualize sensory action currents of the dorsal column, intervertebral foramen, and dorsal horn.MethodsNeuromagnetic fields were measured at the neck surface upon median nerve stimulation at the wrist using a magnetospinography system with high-sensitivity superconducting quantum interference device sensors. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were also recorded. Evoked electrical currents were reconstructed by recursive null-steering beamformer and superimposed on cervical X-ray images.ResultsEstimated electrical currents perpendicular to the cervical cord ascended sequentially. Their peak latency at C5 and N11 peak latency of SEP were well-correlated in all 16 participants (r = 0.94, p < 0.0001). Trailing axonal currents in the intervertebral foramens were estimated in 10 participants. Estimated dorsal–ventral electrical currents were obtained within the spinal canal at C5. Current density peak latency significantly correlated with cervical N13–P13 peak latency of SEPs in 13 participants (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsMagnetospinography shows excellent spatial and temporal resolution after median nerve stimulation and can identify the spinal root entry level, calculate the dorsal column conduction velocity, and analyze segmental dorsal horn activity.SignificanceThis approach is useful for functional electrophysiological diagnosis of somatosensory pathways.     

香叶木素固体脂质纳米粒的制备及质量评价

目的 制备香叶木素固体脂质纳米粒并对其进行质量评价。方法 采用溶剂注入法制备香叶木素固体脂质纳米粒,用 Box-Benhnken效应面法优化处方,并通过包封率、微观形态、粒径分布和Zeta电位对香叶木素固体脂质纳米粒的质量进行评价。 结果 香叶木素固体脂质纳米粒最优处方组成：表面活性剂浓度3.39%,棕榈酸浓度0.116%,脂药质比为21:100,制备的香叶木素 固体脂质纳米粒外观澄清透明,带淡蓝色乳光;平均粒径为(91.73±3.18)nm(n=3),PDI为0.228,电位为(-11.46±0.74)mV(n=3);包 封率为95.13%,载药量为9.04%;透射电镜照片显示纳米粒大小均一,呈球形或类球形。 结论 该处方可用于香叶木素固体脂 质纳米粒的制备,工艺简单,稳定可行。     

Column selection approach for related substances determination of progesterone by high‐performance liquid chromatography

In this study, HPLC‐MS/MS with triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer was used to analyze the base‐catalyzed thermal degradation derivative of progesterone in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The full‐scan spectrometry revealed that the degradation product was an isomer of progesterone, it was proposed as impurity M ((17α)‐pregn‐4‐ene‐3,20‐dione) in European Pharmacopoeia, and both the derivative and progesterone were neutral molecules. Four kinds of chromatographic column characterization databases including PQRI database using Snyder/Dolan method, the USP chromatographic column database using the SRM 870 tests, the Tanaka/Euerby approach within the ACD program, and the Hoogmartens approach were compared. Combing the principles of column characterization databases with the system requirement of progesterone‐related substances testing, a suitable PQRI‐based method was finally set up for progesterone‐related substances detecting. Our results indicated that PQRI system of Snyder/Dolan method was the most suitable system for related substances detection of progesterone.