Trichilemmal cyst with homogeneous blue pigmentation on dermoscopy

A 61-year-old woman was referred to our dermoscopy unit for a pigmented lesion that had been present on her left arm for 8 years. The patient did not notice any enlargement or change in colour. On dermoscopy, homogeneous blue pigmentation was seen. The lesion was excised with the pre-operative diagnosis of melanoma, blue naevus and dermatofibroma. Histopathological examination showed a trichilemmal cyst in the mid-dermis. Although homogeneous blue pigmentation on dermoscopy is the hallmark of blue naevus, it may be seen in metastatic melanoma and exceptionally in hemosiderotic and cellular types of dermatofibroma. Trichilemmal cyst should be borne in mind also in the dermoscopic differential diagnosis.     

HBeAb光激化学发光免疫分析试剂盒的研制

摘要：目的研制光激化学发光免疫分析技术（AlphaLISA）建立人血清乙型肝炎病毒e抗体(HBeAb)的快速检测试剂盒。
方法采用中和抑制法建立HBeAb AlphaLISA试剂盒。结果自制HBeAb试剂盒灵敏度为0.003 NCU/ml,可测范围为
0.003-16 NCU/ml。批内与批间的精密度分别为5.3%和6.8%,与HBcAb无交叉反应。使用自制试剂与罗氏化学发光试
剂盒同时检测136份临床血清样本,结果具有相关性（r=0.961）。结论自制HBeAb AlphaLISA试剂盒的各项性能指标能
够达到临床检测要求,可用于临床血清样本HBeAb浓度的测定。     

Synthesis and properties of branched polyethylene/high‐density polyethylene blends using a homogeneous binary catalyst system composed of early and late transition metal complexes

Branched polyethylene/high‐density polyethylene blends (BPE/HDPE) with a wide range of molecular weights, melt flow indexes (MFI), and intrinsic viscosity were prepared using the homogeneous binary catalyst system composed by Ni(α‐diimine)Cl₂ ( 1 ) (α‐diimine = 1,4‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐acenaphthenediimine) and {Tp^Ms*}TiCl₃ ( 2 ) (Tp^Ms* = hydridobis(3‐mesitylpyrazol‐1‐yl)(5‐mesitylpyrazol‐1‐yl)) activated with MAO and/or TIBA in hexane at two different polymerization temperatures (30 and 55 °C) and by varying the nickel loading molar fraction (x_Ni). At all temperatures, a non‐linear correlation between the x_Ni and the productivity was observed, suggesting the occurrence of a synergistic effect between the nickel and the titanium catalyst precursors, which is more pronounced at 55 °C. The molecular weight of the BPE/HDPE blends considerably decreases with increasing Al/M molar ratio. The melt flow indexes (MFI) and intrinsic viscosities (η) are strongly affected by x_Ni, but the melting temperatures are nearly constant, 132 ± 3 °C. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) shows the formation of different polymeric materials where the stiffness varies according to the x_Ni and temperature used in the polymerization reaction. The surface morphology of the BPE/HDPE blends studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a low miscibility between the PE phases resulting in the formation of a “sandwich structure” after etching with o‐xylene.

     

Homogeneous antibody and CAR-T cells with improved effector functions targeting SSEA-4 glycan on pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is usually asymptomatic in the early stages; the 5-y survival rate is around 9%; and there is a lack of effective treatment. Here we show that SSEA-4 is more expressed in all pancreatic cancer cell lines examined but not detectable in normal pancreatic cells; and high expression of SSEA-4 or the key enzymes B3GALT5 + ST3GAL2 associated with SSEA-4 biosynthesis significantly lowers the overall survival rate. To evaluate potential new treatments for pancreatic cancer, homogeneous antibodies with a well-defined Fc glycan for optimal effector functions and CAR-T cells with scFv construct designed to target SSEA-4 were shown highly effective against pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. This was further supported by the finding that a subpopulation of natural killer (NK) cells isolated by the homogeneous antibody exhibited enhancement in cancer-cell killing activity compared to the unseparated NK cells. These results indicate that targeting SSEA-4 by homologous antibodies or CAR-T strategies can effectively inhibit cancer growth, suggesting SSEA-4 as a potential immunotherapy target for treating pancreatic disease.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer. The lack of effective treatment (1–4) along with problems of tumor heterogeneity, complex tumor microenvironment, drug resistance, and lack of early detection (5–7) are the major challenges in development of effective treatment for PDAC. These challenges point to an urgent unmet medical need for identification of new targets for development of early diagnosis and better treatment for this disease. In addition, although a variety of cell surface markers have been explored in the past, most of these markers are also expressed in normal cells or are frequently mutated to resist treatments, making the targeted therapy strategy difficult to achieve effectively (8–11). Altered glycolipids generated by aberrant glycosylation have been recognized as potential anticancer targets (12, 13), especially many tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) (13) discovered to date are highly sialylated or fucosylated and often found on the surface of cancer cells and their stem cells (14, 15). Altered glycosylation is a hallmark of tissue inflammation and neoplasia due to differential expression of glycosyltransferases. Compared to proteins, glycans are smaller in size and are synthesized by many glycan-associated enzymes; so when the glycans are assembled abnormally in diseased cells, their structures could become unique and nonself and could be used as markers with more distinct structural difference than proteins (15–18). Among the glycoconjugates of TACA, stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) is a cell-surface glycosphingolipid (GSL) used to define human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and human embryonal carcinoma cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (19, 20). SSEA-4 usually would disappear after stem cell differentiation and reappear with the other two globo-series GSLs, SSEA-3 and Globo-H (21–24). The importance of globo-series GSLs as unique markers in cancer progression is further supported by the ongoing phase 3 global trial of a Globo-H vaccine against triple-negative breast cancer ({"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03562637","term_id":"NCT03562637"}}NCT03562637). In this study, as part of our efforts to identify new targets for PDAC, we sought to investigate the role of SSEA-4 in cancer patients and found that its high expression correlated with poor survival. In addition, we also showed the development of a homogeneous antibody with improved effector functions and a CAR-T strategy to target SSEA-4 that hold a significant promise for the treatment of PDAC.     

同质化护理服务模式在血液透析患者护理质量提升中的应用效果

目的探讨同质化护理服务模式在血液透析患者护理质量提升中的应用效果。方法选择120例接受血液透析治疗的患者为研究对象,采用单双号随机化分组法将其分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用同质化护理服务模式。比较两组的护理效果。结果护理后14 d,观察组的Cr、β2-MG、BUN水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的操作技能、服务态度、人文关怀、护理质量满意率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后7、14 d,观察组的ESCA评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论同质化护理服务模式在血液透析患者护理质量提升中的应用效果显著,可规范各项护理措施,提升专科护理内涵、整体护理水平及患者的护理满意度。     

“均相”放射免疫测定的研究——T_3测定的初步结果

本文采用氧化铋与活性炭制成消减剂,建立了“均相”放射免疫测定法,从而省去了经典的放射免疫分析中离心沉淀、弃去上清液以及固相微球的洗涤等步骤,为放射免疫分析的自动化设计提供了条件。本法T_3标准曲线范围为25～400ng/100ml;批内、批间变异系数分别为7.8％和8.6％;28名患者血清T_3含量“均相”与液相测定结果相当一致,相关系数为0.98,因此T_3“均相”放射免疫测定法具有临床实用价值。     

An assay for methotrexate and its metabolites in serum and urine by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for methotrexate and its metabolites, 7-hydroxy-methotrexate, 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methyl-pteroic acid and 7-hydroxy-4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methyl-pteroic acid in the range 10 microg/l to 50 mg/l (2.2 x 10(-8) to 1.1. x 10(-4)M) has been developed using L-tryptophyl-L-glutamic acid as internal standard. Extraction was performed using an anion exchange resin (Dowex 1-X2) with subsequent ion-pair chromatography of the appropriate eluent fraction. The method has been found to be sensitive and precise for the analysis of both serum and urine, and may also be used for the quantitation of polyglutamyl metabolites.     

纤维蛋白原与凝血酶药物混悬液的制备方法研究

目的 使用不同方法制备纤维蛋白原与凝血酶的药物混悬液,优选制备工艺并初步评价该混悬液的制剂性质。方法 无水乙醇作为分散剂,采用研磨筛分法、胶体磨研磨法和高速分散均质法制备纤维蛋白原、凝血酶与氯化钙的药物混悬液,考察制得混悬液的粒径分布、沉降体积比、温度、pH、黏度,检测混悬后纤维蛋白原药物的凝固活力,计算药物回收率,并综合以上考察项对该混悬工艺进行评估。结果 研磨筛分法回收率低于50%,胶体磨研磨法易引入杂质,最终优选高速分散均质法。研究确定分散机单次处理程序为转速15.0×10³ r·min^-1,粉碎时间2 min,共循环10次,所得混悬液粒径为6.46~161.13 μm,中位粒径﹤50 μm,5 min沉降体积比高于90%,药液处理前后温度变化控制在5 ℃之内,pH值范围为7.5~8.5,黏度值范围为20~35 mPa·s,药物回收率高于90%,且纤维蛋白原药物活性符合《中国药典》(2020年版)标准。结论 高速分散均质法是1种可行的纤维蛋白原与凝血酶药物混悬液制备方法,所得混悬液的生物活性良好、可用于纤维蛋白止血贴的制备。