硝酸银和碘伏消毒后牙敏感中龋窝洞的临床疗效

目的 观察硝酸银和碘伏消毒后牙敏感中龋的临床疗效。方法 选择364颗后牙敏感中龋随机分成 治疗组和对照组各182颗,治疗组窝洞用硝酸银和碘伏消毒,对照组用75％酒精消毒。结果 硝酸银和碘伏消毒 治疗组有效率为99.4％,75％酒精消毒对照组有效率为75.8％。两组比较差异有显著性,P<0.05。结论 硝酸银和 碘伏消毒后牙敏感中龋窝洞疗效明显优于75％酒精消毒,是治疗牙敏感中龋的较理想方法。     

外伤性黄斑孔及自行闭合临床观察

目的观察外伤性黄斑孔的临床特点、自然预后及手术效果。方法2000年1月～2004年6月诊治的外伤性全层黄斑孔11例(11眼),随访6～42月;对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果11眼黄斑孔均由挫伤所致,其中9眼于外伤后即刻发生。随访过程中,3眼黄斑孔在外伤后3～l2周自行闭合,视力提高;3眼黄斑孔扩大,1眼视网膜脱离,发生时间均在外伤后3月,此4眼均进行了手术治疗,手术后视力提高;其余4眼黄斑孔大小无变化,视力稳定者,未做特殊处理,仍在继续观察中。结论外伤性黄斑孔自行闭合并不少见并且多发生在伤后早期。因此对视力稳定、孔径无扩大者,暂不手术而密切随访更好;对孔径扩大、视力下降者,手术治疗有利于黄斑孔的闭合和视力恢复。     

Modified technique for safer indocyanine-green-assisted peeling of the internal limiting membrane during vitrectomy for macular hole repair

Background During macular hole surgery, indocyanine green (ICG) has access to the subretinal space and can lead to toxic and phototoxic damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). To reduce its toxicity and to avoid contact between ICG and the RPE, we have developed a modified technique by using autologous whole blood.Methods Thirty-one eyes underwent vitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole repair. Autologous whole blood (0.1 ml) was injected into the buffered saline solution (BSS)-filled vitreous cavity over the posterior pole and aspirated with a flute cannula. A small clot remained covering the macular hole. The internal limiting membrane (ILM) was stained by using 0.05% ICG solution. The ICG was dissolved in 5% glucose to obtain an iso-osmotic solution. This ICG was injected into the BSS-filled vitreous cavity over the posterior pole and removed after 10 s. The ILM was peeled and a long-acting gas tamponade applied. Pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings are reported.Results Macular hole closure was achieved in 30 of 31 eyes (97%). The mean preoperative logMAR acuity was 0.99 (range: 0.4 to 2.0). Mean postoperative logMAR acuity was 0.496 (range: 0.0 to 1.0). The average improvement in vision was 0.66 logMAR units (range: 1.5 to 0.0). No postoperative RPE alterations were observed biomicroscopically or on OCT.Conclusion This surgical technique leads to favorable anatomic and functional results. ICG toxicity is reduced by modifying osmolarity, concentration and contact time and by injecting ICG under BSS. Autologous whole blood acts as a mechanical barrier and prevents ICG from entering in the subretinal space.This article is original and has not been published previously.The authors have no financial interest related to this publication and transfer all copyright to the publisher upon acceptance.     

Reliability of sweat-testing by the Macroduct collection method combined with conductivity analysis in comparison with the classic Gibson and Cooke technique

This study was to ascertain the reliability of sweat-testing by the Macroduct collection method combined with conductivity analysis (MCS) compared with the Gibson and Cooke technique (GCT). Sweat stimulation by pilocarpine iontophoresis was identical for both procedures, sweat being collected for 30 min on a filter paper on one forearm and in the coil of the Macroduct collector on the other. Chloride, sodium and potassium concentrations were chemically analysed both on paper-eluted and tube-collected sweat; the latter was also analysed using a conductivity analyser. Chemical analyses were compared with conductivity analyses. This prospective study was carried out on 318 subjects with MCS (118 CFs, 200 controls) and on 305 of them with the GCT (113 CFs, 192 controls). The pilocarpine iontophoresis produced adequate sweat in 96.4% of collections with GCT and in 90.9% with the MCS. Sensitivity and specificity of the Macroduct/conductivity system were comparable to the GCT. No patient detected by the GCT technique was considered negative by conductivity, but one GCT positive was "borderline" with the MCS. Six non-CF subjects identified as negative by the GCT (3.3%) were in the borderline range with the MCS. CONCLUSION: Sweat-testing by the MCS has acceptable sensitivity and specificity when performed by trained CF sweat-testing technicians. Additional studies will be required to find out if these results can be confirmed in small clinics and hospitals where testing is done infrequently. Wherever the MCS is used all positive or borderline results should be confirmed by the GCT at a reference Cystic Fibrosis Center.     

耦合剂加温器的研制

目的介绍一种应用于超声等项目检查过程中使用耦合剂的专用加温器。方法利用电加热原理,经可调节温控器给电热丝加热,使耦合剂温度始终保持在45℃左右(温度误差±1℃)。结论该加温器结构紧凑,温度范围适合人体感受和耦合剂特性,可广泛应用于使用耦合剂检查的项目,具有较强的实用性。     

溴化银T颗粒乳剂微观电性能的研究

根据Wanger直流极化法原理，采用可逆电极与阻塞电极并用的方法，对溴化银T颗粒乳剂微晶体在直流电场中进行极化，当离子电流为零时测得其电子电导率和空穴电导率。当乳剂中掺入浅电子陷阱掺杂剂[Fe(CN)6]^4-时，其电子电导率增大，空穴电导率下降。电子电导率的变化可以反映出溴化银乳剂灰雾产生的内在原因，空穴电导率的变化则反映出I^-对空穴捕获的作用。     

The hemolytic characteristics of monopivot magnetic suspension blood pumps with washout holes

The hemolytic characteristics of monopivot magnetic suspension blood pumps as a function of impeller washout hole configuration and female pivot shape are observed. The pump impellers are designed with three washout hole configurations for blood circulation, and four female pivot shapes to reduce blood stagnation and to enhance antithrombogenicity. The hemolytic characteristics of the monopivot pumps were observed to be better than those of a currently available commercial centrifugal blood pump, BP-80, and changed to be nearly equal when the female pivot shape was changed. This indicates that hemolysis in monopivot pumps is mainly caused by shear stress between the male and female pivots.     

Simultaneous Ionic and Electronic Conductivity in Polymeric Materials

Summary: Pyrrole and 3‐(3,6‐dioxaheptyl)pyrrole were polymerized in the presence of an oligo(oxyethylene monomethylether) sulfonate (DP_PEO = 17) with ammonium peroxydisulfate as an oxidizing agent and dry chloroform as a solvent. The oligo(oxyethylene) sulfonate acted as a phase transfer agent and also became incorporated into the polymer as a counter ion. The polymers were obtained as gel‐like particles that could be easily dispersed in organic solvent and could be doped with lithium triflate to enhance the ionic conductivity of the electronically conductive materials. DSC and X‐ray measurements showed a glass transition (T_g) in all samples at around ?40 °C which is related to the dynamics of the EO segments. In addition, the system composed of polypyrrole with oligo(oxyethylene) sulfonate counter ions showed partial crystallinity and a melting transition at 34 °C. Conductivity was explored by impedance spectroscopy with regard to frequency and temperature dependence. The data could be evaluated in the coordinates of an Arrhenius plot as the sum of two Arrhenius functions in all cases. Although one Arrhenius‐type function was sufficient to describe the temperature profile of the conductivity below T_g, a second term needed to be added at T > T_g. The absolute values of conductivity were also dependent on the level of doping with lithium triflate. These phenomena were interpreted as a contribution of ionic conductivity by the lithium ions to the electronic conductivity, which comes about from the oxidation state of the polypyrrole backbone.

A good Li‐ion conducting polymer which also exhibits electronic conductivity.     

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor effect on microvascular hydraulic permeability

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoconstrictor that modulates microvascular permeability. Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors have been described with subsequent development of their respective antagonists. We hypothesized that the AT2 receptor modulates microvascular permeability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hydraulic permeability (L(p)) was measured in rat mesenteric venules using the Landis micro-occlusion technique. Following baseline L(p) measurements, paired measures of microvessel L(p) were obtained after perfusion with a test solution. The test solutions consisted of the AT2 receptor agonist CGP42112A at 10 microm (n = 6), 100 microm (n = 6), and 200 microm (n = 6), as well as the AT2 receptor antagonist PD-123319 at 3 microm (n = 6), 30 microm (n = 6), 300 microm (n = 6), and 600 microm (n = 6). RESULTS: From mean baseline L(p) of 0.99 +/- 0.03, 100 microm CGP42112A decreased L(p) to 0.76 +/- 0.02 (P = 0.005), and 200 microm CGP42112A decreased L(p) to 0.61 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.001). From mean baseline L(p) of 0.90 +/- 0.05, PD-123319 increased L(p) at 30 microm to 1.60 +/- 0.2 (P = 0.003), at 300 microm to 2.28 +/- 0.3 (P = 0.008), and at 600 microm to 4.30 +/- 0.9 (P = 0.03). Units for L(p) are mean +/- SEM x 10(-7) cm s(-1) cmH(2)O(-1). CONCLUSION: AT2 activation decreased L(p), while AT2 blockade increased L(p). These changes in L(p) may be explained by (1). a permeability-decreasing effect of the AT2 receptor that is induced by AT2 activation and inhibited by AT2 blockade; and/or (2). a permeability-increasing effect of the AT1 receptor observed during AT2 blockade and selective AT1 activation by endogenous locally released Ang II. These mechanisms would support the theories that the AT1 receptor increases microvascular permeability, while the AT2 receptor decreases microvascular permeability.