黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的手术治疗

目的 不同术式治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法 对22例22眼黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者分别行4种术式：A组,单纯玻璃体腔注气（C3F8）10眼;B组,玻璃体切割＋注气术12眼;C组,玻璃体切割＋自体血清滴注＋注气术4眼;D组,巩膜外垫压＋注气术2眼。结果A组5（5／10眼视网膜复位,黄斑孔闭合,最高视力0．7;但5（5／10）眼随访中黄斑裂孔再开。B组11（11／12）眼视网膜复位,最高视力0．4。C组（3（3／4）眼视网膜复位,黄斑孔闭合,最高视力0．4。D组2（2／2）眼网膜均复位,最高视力0．2。结论（1）单纯玻璃体腔注气术简单易行,可重复多次,对黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱主有一定疗效,但术后复发率较高。必要时应联合巩膜外环扎或垫压。（2）玻璃体切割＋注气术与玻璃体切割＋自体血清滴注＋注气术对黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离均有较好的治疗效果,但增加自体血清滴注并未显示好处,因此是否需要有待进一步观察研究。     

黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的玻璃体手术

目的:研究玻璃体切除术对黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的治疗效果.方法:对黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者16例(16只眼),施行玻璃体切除及空气、C3F8或硅油充填术,术后随访6个月以上.结果:16例患者,术后11例裂孔封闭、视网膜解剖复位,5例未愈,术后最佳视力0.05～0.2,近期治愈率达68%.结论:玻璃体手术中充分剥离黄斑前膜是手术成功的关键,膨胀气体及促进黄斑裂孔愈合的辅助药物的应用对提高手术效果起着重要作用.     

Simultaneous Construct Surface Microstructural and Internal Network-Like Conductive Pathways of Poly(l-lactic acid)/Carbon Nanomaterials Composite Foams

The poly(l -lactic acid) (PLLA)/carbon nanomaterials composite foams with hierarchical surface microstructural and internal conductive pathways are successfully prepared by a simple crystallization-assisted rapid phase separation (CARPS). The dimension and morphology of carbon nanomaterials can induce different crystallization forms to construct the hierarchical surface microstructure, and they are distributed on the phase interface of solvent and non-solvent to form conductive pathways. It is found that the heterogeneous nucleation of nanomaterials promotes a significant increase in crystallinity, and a stacked granular structure formed on the surface promotes the increase of the water contact angle to 148.7°. Foams with interconnecting pore structures contribute to the formation of 85.3% porosity and 12.33 g g⁻¹ oil absorption. Carbon nanomaterials are distributed on the pore walls of the porous foam, which converts the foam from an insulating material to a conducting polymer. Furthermore, the uniform distribution of nanomaterials significantly affects the thermal stability of the PLLA. In belief, the multifunctional biodegradable foam, prepared by a CARPS method, makes it promising for industrial production and has potential applications in electrical conductivity, oil-water separation, and many other fields.     

Phosphorus-Containing Fluoro-Sulfonated Polytriazole Membranes with High Proton Conductivity: Understanding Microstructural and Thermomechanical Behaviors as a Function of Degree of Sulfonation

The current article describes the design and synthesis of a new series of phosphorus-containing fluoro-sulfonated polytriazoles through click polymerization. The synthesized copolytriazoles (PTPFDSH-70 to 90) with different degrees of sulfonation (DS) from 70% to 90% are structurally interpreted by various spectroscopic techniques (¹H, ¹³C, and FTIR). The high molecular weight (weight average molecular weight as high as 77 500 g mol⁻¹ with polydispersity index of 2.29) polymers exhibits excellent mechanical (elongation at break up to 95%), thermal (10% decomposition temperature: 266–317 °C), and oxidative (>14.5 h) stability. The PTPFDSH-70 to 90 possess outstanding water-holding ability in hydrated conditions (swelling ratio [in-plane]: 6.2–7.3% at 80 °C). The microstructural alterations by their thermal relaxations and transitions with increasing DS in the polymers have been thoroughly investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis. The atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscope images of the PTPFDSH-70 to 90 polymer membranes demonstrated the phase segregated interconnected ionic cluster-like morphology between hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. The PTPFDSH-90 (DEB:PFAZ:DSAZ = 100:10:90) polymer membrane displays the proton conductivity (176 and 190 ms cm⁻¹ at 80 and 90 °C, respectively) higher than Nafion117 under similar test conditions.     

Full-thickness macular holes treated with vitrectomy and tissue glue

In the surgical treatment of full-thickness macular holes good results have been published with the combination of vitrectomy, gas and application of Transforming Growth Factor 2. Other authors report a 73% success rate in closing a full-thickness macular hole after vitrectomy and gas tamponade alone. We used, in addition to vitrectomy and gas tamponade, a tissue glue to stimulate adhesion of the elevated cuff of neurosensory retina surrounding a full-thickness macular hole and to close to hole itself. A total of 15 eyes of 13 patients (3 men, 10 women), with stage 3 and 4 macular holes were operated. All of the 13 uncomplicated cases showed complete closure of the macular hole. In one case (8%) the visual acuity decreased one line in spite of a funduscopically closed hole, and in two cases (16%) visual acuity remained the same despite closure. Increased visual acuity was seen in ten cases (76%), eight of which improved more than two lines.     

氧化铝颗粒大小对PEO—NaSCN络合物电导率的影响

研究分散第二相Ａｌ２Ｏ３的含量及颗粒大小对ＰＥＯ－ＮａＳＣＮ络合物电导的影响,结果表明：当颗粒度为０．７μｍ时,电导率比纯ＰＥＯ－ＮａＳＣＮ提高了一个半数量级。颗粒度较大时,电导率均比纯ＰＥＯ－ＮａＳＣＮ低,并在ｗＡｌ２Ｏ３＝０．２５时,存在电导率最大的峰值。     

六氟化硫气体治疗黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离

目的： 探讨六氟化硫（ＳＦ６） 气体治疗黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的价值。方法： 采用１００ ％ ＳＦ６ 气体玻璃体腔内注射３３ 例（３３ 眼） ,术后病人采取俯卧位１ 周。结果：３１ 例患者视网膜复位,中心暗区消失,视力均有不同程度的提高。结论：ＳＦ６ 气体治疗黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离,简便易行,成功率高,术后视功能恢复好     

黄斑裂孔的光学相干断层成像分析

目的 探讨黄斑裂孔的光学相干断层成像（ｏｐｔｉｃａｌ ｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｔｏｍｏｇｒａｐｈｙ,ＯＣＴ）特征及ＯＣＴ临床应用价值。方法 １９９８年９～１２月临床诊断为黄斑裂孔者共３５例（３８只眼）。经双眼散瞳后进行ＯＣＴ检查,对获取的图像进行分析和测量。结果 １例（１只眼）ＯＣＴ显示为玻璃牵引：１例（１只眼）为黄斑前膜所致的性裂孔：３３例（３６只眼）为黄斑裂孔,其中３例累及双眼。３６只眼中,板层黄     

Volume control during periodic changes of blood volume in the alert rat

Summary Blood (3.4–13.5% of blood volume) was pumped in and out of the circulation of rats at different rates and period lengths during continuous measurements of blood conductivity (reciprocally related to hematocrit) and arterial pressure. Hct followed the same zig-zag course as the induced changes of blood volume in every case, indicating that fluid shifts (v) between interstitium and intravascular space closely follow blood volume changes. As the het increase during reinfusion was not as great as the preceding decrease, hct dropped continuously during the 20–90 minutes of experimentation, so that a final volume increase (v) by about 4% was calculated, which was confirmed by a corresponding decrease of plasma protein concentration. Both final v and v during periodic volume change (% B.V.) were greater when arterial pressure dropped. v was directly related to % B.V. but not to its rate of change. Heart rate dropped slightly at the end of the reinfusion periods, whereas it rose to control at the end of the withdrawal periods. The results were regarded as evidence of blood volume regulation proportional to the absolute volume of blood lost in non-hypotensive hemorrhage.Supported by DFG-grant AZ 3/3