Dietary supplementation of tetradecylthioacetic acid increases feed intake but reduces body weight gain and adipose depot sizes in rats fed on high-fat diets

Aim: The pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligand and fatty acid analogue tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) may reduce plasma lipids and enhance hepatic lipid metabolism, as well as reduce adipose tissue sizes in rats fed on high-fat diets. This study further explores the effects of TTA on weight gain, feed intake and adipose tissue functions in rats that are fed a high-fat diet for 7 weeks.
Methods: The effects on feed intake and body weight during 7 weeks' dietary supplement with TTA (∼200 mg/kg bw) were studied in male Wistar rats fed on a lard-based diet containing ∼40% energy from fat. Adipose tissue mass, body composition and expression of relevant genes in fat depots and liver were measured at the end of the feeding.
Results: Despite higher feed intake during the final 2 weeks of the study, rats fed on TTA gained less body weight than lard-fed rats and had markedly decreased subcutaneous, epididymal, perirenal and mesenteric adipose depots. The effects of TTA feeding with reduced body weight gain and energy efficiency (weight gain/feed intake) started between day 10 and 13. Body contents of fat, protein and water were reduced after feeding lard plus TTA, with a stronger decrease in fat relative to protein. Plasma lipids, including Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA), were significantly reduced, whereas fatty acid β-oxidation in liver and heart was enhanced in lard plus TTA-fed rats. Hepatic UCP3 was expressed ectopically both at protein and mRNA level (>1900-fold), whereas Ucp1 mRNA was increased ∼30-fold in epididymal and ∼90-fold in mesenteric fat after lard plus TTA feeding.
Conclusion: Our data support the hypothesis that TTA feeding may increase hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation, and thereby reduce the size of adipose tissues. The functional importance of ectopic hepatic UCP3 is unknown, but might be associated with enhanced energy expenditure and thus the reduced feed efficiency.     

HPLC同时测定乳癖消颗粒中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Rb1的含量

目的观察4-氨基水杨酸钠(4-ASANa)结肠靶向微丸对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的干预作用及其机制。方法采用三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)法制备大鼠实验性溃疡性结肠炎模型,通过4-ASANa结肠靶向微丸干预14d,观察大鼠结肠大体形态损伤、组织学变化和白细胞介素-1B(IL-1B)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)等指标的变化。结果4-ASANa结肠靶向微丸能减轻溃疡性结肠炎的病理损伤,显著降低溃疡性结肠炎大鼠血清IL-1B和TNF-a含量,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),降低结肠组织中MDA和MPO含量,而提高SOD活性,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),对化学因素引起的结肠炎有较好的治疗作用。结论4-ASANa结肠靶向微丸对TNBS诱导的大鼠结肠炎具有治疗作用,抑制IL-1B和TNF-a的增殖和表达,减轻自由基的损害可能是作用机制之一。     

普伐他汀钠肠溶小丸的制备

目的：研制普伐他汀钠肠溶小丸。方法：采用挤出滚圆工艺及流化床包衣法制备了普伐他汀钠肠溶小丸,并采用正交试验设计对处方进行了优化,考察了小丸的粉体学性质及不同包衣增重小丸的体外释放试验。结果：制得的普伐他汀钠小丸圆整度高,收率高,体外释放度也比较理想。结论：本方法制备工艺简单易行,重复性好,值得进一步的工业化生产。     

丹参总酚酸胃漂浮缓释微丸的制备及其体外释放度考察

目的制备丹参总酚酸胃漂浮缓释微丸,初步评价其体外释药特性及释药机制。方法用挤出滚圆法制备素丸,以乙基纤维素为包衣材料,流化床制备丹参总酚酸缓释微丸,并考察其体外释放度。结果包衣微丸表面光滑圆整,不同批次间微丸释药重现性良好。在人工胃液中,微丸的8 h漂浮率达到95%左右,微丸的体外释药符合Higuchi方程。结论丹参总酚酸缓释微丸具有较理想的体外漂浮及缓释效果。     

Two meals with different carbohydrate,fat and protein contents render equivalent postprandial plasma levels of calprotectin,cortisol, triglycerides and zonulin

The aim was to compare postprandial plasma levels of calprotectin, cortisol, triglycerides and zonulin between a control breakfast and a moderately low-carbohydrate test breakfast, given randomly after 10-h fast. Blood samples were collected before and repeatedly after the meal. Plasma calprotectin, cortisol, triglycerides and zonulin were analyzed. The total area under the curve (tAUC) and change in AUC from baseline (dAUC) were calculated. Ratios between the test and control values were calculated to investigate equivalence. Healthy volunteers (8 men and 12 women; 46.0?±?14.5 years) were included. tAUCs of cortisol and triglycerides did not differ between the breakfasts (p?=?0.158 versus p?=?0.579). Cortisol dAUCs were decreased and triglyceride dAUCs were increased after both breakfasts, with no differences between the breakfasts (p?=?0.933 versus p?=?0.277). Calprotectin and zonulin levels were unaffected. The meals were bioequivalent for cortisol, triglycerides and zonulin, but not for calprotectin.     

经过计算脂肪颗粒注射量行面部充填术的体会

目的:探讨分析相对精确的脂肪颗粒注射量,在面部充填术中的应用效果.方法:应用几何体积运算方式,相对精确的计算出脂肪颗粒注射量,对96例,162个部位行面部充填术.结果:其中72例行了3个月至1年的随访,有效率达100％,首次充填后的满意率为83.33％,2～3次充填后总满意率达95.83％,无明显并发症的发生.结论:经过计算的脂肪颗粒充填量行面部充填术,可能提高脂肪颗粒的成活率,并提高该手术的临床效果.     

A high-fat diet impairs neurogenesis: Involvement of lipid peroxidation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Obesity is a growing global health problem that contributes to diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, dementia, and cancer. The increased consumption of saturated fats in a high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, long-term memory loss, and cognitive impairment. We tested whether HFD influences adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups and maintained on either a normal diet (ND) or HFD. Seven weeks of HFD significantly decreased the numbers of newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus without neuronal loss. HFD also increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. The toxic effects of MDA were evaluated on neural progenitor cells (NPCs). MDA reduced the growth of NPCs, but BDNF treatment restored NPCs proliferation. The present data indicate that a HFD impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and NPCs proliferation through increased lipid peroxidation and decreased BDNF.     

Leveraging model-based study designs and serial micro-sampling techniques to understand the oral pharmacokinetics of the potent LTB4 inhibitor,CP-105696, for mouse pharmacology studies

1.?Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a proinflammatory mediator important in the progression of a number of inflammatory diseases. Preclinical models can explore the role of LTB4 in pathophysiology using tool compounds, such as CP-105696, that modulate its activity. To support preclinical pharmacology studies, micro-sampling techniques and mathematical modeling were used to determine the pharmacokinetics of CP-105696 in mice within the context of systemic inflammation induced by a high-fat diet (HFD).

2.?Following oral administration of doses?>?35?mg/kg, CP-105696 kinetics can be described by a one-compartment model with first order absorption. The compound’s half-life is 44–62?h with an apparent volume of distribution of 0.51–0.72?L/kg. Exposures in animals fed an HFD are within 2-fold of those fed a normal chow diet. Daily dosing at 100?mg/kg was not tolerated and resulted in a?>20% weight loss in the mice.

3.?CP-105696’s long half-life has the potential to support a twice weekly dosing schedule. Given that most chronic inflammatory diseases will require long-term therapies, these results are useful in determining the optimal dosing schedules for preclinical studies using CP-105696.     

伊犁河流域新垦区新疆褐牛育肥试验效果分析

本试验选择12月龄新疆褐牛公牛15头，平均体重240kg左右，分为2个试验组和1个对照组，给与不同饲料配方进行4个月舍饲育肥、16个月出栏的标准化生产过程，分析新疆褐牛高效育肥效果及经济效益情况。试验牛经过120d育肥，获得了较理想的增重效果，育肥期日增重水平最低为0．9kg。试验组II增重效果最好，试验结束时平均体重达到416．7kg，头均日增重水平为1．39kg，说明配方2的饲料配比较合理。