Changing the College AOD Environment for Primary Prevention

Identifying environmental factors reflected to alcohol use is important for program planning and evaluation in college alcohol and drug prevention programs. Little has been written concerning uses of data in environmental prevention efforts. This paper presents four brief interrelated case studies of how environmental modifications were used by a college alcohol prevention project to 1) change the marketing practices and service policies of a student-oriented bar, 2) alter the sales practices of a campus bookstore concerning alcohol paraphernalia, 3) to develop a campaign with the goal of reducing risk factors related to heavy drinking at private student parties, and 4) stop an unsafe bus from transporting students to bars in Mexico. Creative use of such environmental prevention approaches has potential benefit to colleges and universities concerned with the primary prevention of alcohol-related problems experienced by students.     

补体对免疫沉淀的抑制作用与小儿肾脏疾病的关系

以辣根过氧化物酶（PO）和抗-PO作为免疫沉淀中的抗原和抗体，用光电比色法，对78例小儿肾脏疾病血清补体对免疫沉淀的抑制作用（IIPC）进行了研究，并同时检测补体成分C3、C4。结果，正常对照IIPCOD值为0．505±0．085，急性肾小球肾炎（0．137±0．108）显著降低（P＜0．001）；慢性肾小球肾炎（0．470±0．053）改变不明显（P＞0．05）；肾病综合征（0．401±0．038）明显低下（P＜0．05）。IIPC低下的发生率依次为急性肾小球肾炎（83％）、肾病综合征（43％）、慢性肾小球肾炎（32％）。表明小儿肾小球疾病时IIPC大多降低并与疾病的活动性有关。因此认为IIPC低下在肾脏病的发生和发展中起一定作用。     

Selective degeneration of CA1 pyramidal cells by chronic application of bismuth

The heavy metal bismuth induces a new type of selective neuronal degeneration that shares some common aspects with that seen following hypoxia and ischemia. Continuous application of 3 μm bismuth to organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus resulted after 2–3 weeks in selective degeneration of CA1 pyramidal cells, while CA3 pyramidal cells, dentate granule cells, and subicular neurons were resistant. With 10 μm MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDA-antagonist, during the entire culturing period failed to prevent neuronal degeneration induced by 3 μm bismuth. GABA-immunoreactive interneurons were also affected by bismuth, but were generally less sensitive than CA1 pyramidal cells. Acute application of up to 100 μm bismuth did not change the electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal cells. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

重油和沥青中饱和碳的定量估计

建立了较完整的估计重油和沥青中饱和碳浓度数方法，其中包括环烷桥头碳、环烷甲基取代碳、环烷烷基（≥Ｃ２）取代碳等。基于理论分析，建立了估计环间的桥链和各种平均结构参数的方法，包括平均芳环环核数和环烷环环核数、芳环和环烷环烷工取代度、单元片上芳环和环烷环数。从实验数据出发，提出了烷基链长分布的公式。     

盐析法提取卵黄免疫球蛋白的研究

为了确定盐析法提取特异性卵黄免疫球蛋白的最佳盐浓度，采用SDS—PAGE鉴定IgY的纯度，用RID测定IgY含量，间接ELISA法检测特异性卵黄抗体的活性。结果表明：用饱和度50％的硫酸铵盐析一次，再用140g／L的硫酸钠溶液盐析，可以获得469，6的回收率和77％的纯度。盐析液经超滤膜包超滤后制得的冷冻干燥制品，保持了完整的抗体结构和良好的抗体活性。这一结果为IgY的进一步分离纯化奠定了基础。     

Time course of muscle atrophy and recovery following a phenol-induced nerve block

Clinically, phenol is used often as a neurolytic agent to treat pain and spasticity. The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of denervation and recovery in several hindlimb muscles following application of a 5% aqueous solution of phenol to the sciatic nerve. Phenol was applied to the sciatic nerve of adult female rats either by intraneural or perineural injection. Axonal degeneration was evident within the sciatic nerve 2 days following phenol application, although variable amounts of damage were observed. By 2 weeks, the soleus and tibialis anterior had atrophied to 63% and 51% of control. Reinnervation of hindlimb muscles occurred between 2 and 4 weeks following the nerve block. Following denervation, the soleus became slower in that all of the fibers expressed the slow myosin heavy chain (MHC). At 5 months, maximum tension of the soleus was 74% of control and the muscle consisted of more fast fibers on average, some of which expressed IIx MHC. These data suggest that 5% phenol causes an injury to the nerve that is more severe than a crush injury, and that reinnervation of denervated muscles may be by motoneurons other than those that originally innervated the muscles. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

硒的人体最大安全摄入量研究 三、恩施高硒点居民血和发中某些拮抗金属元素的含量

恩施高硒区的硒来源于煤.煤中除硒外,尚有高含量的氟.此外,本地尚分布有丰富的硫铁矿,居民用作生产硫磺.由于环境污染严重,因此在观察硒的毒性时,应考虑其它有关元素的含量.本文测定了居民发中的Cd,Hg,As以及全血中的Cd,Zn和Cu等元素.从组织和血中这些元素的含量来考虑,唯有Cd对硒中毒的影响值得注意.     

紫外辐射低温消化反应器在测定羊水微量元素(锌、铜)中的应用

测定妊娠期妇女羊水中微量元素锌、铜(Zn、Cu)的含量变化,对预测胎儿的发育情况,具有一定的参考价值。本文介绍一种利用紫外辐射消化技术,对羊水进行预处理后,再用阳极溶出伏安(ASV)方法测定。讨论了辐射条件,并通过重复性、回收率及线性关系来证实方法的可靠性和准确性。与传统的湿式消化法相比,紫外辐射法有取样量少、温度低)、不易挥发、操作简便及较低的试剂空白值等优点。     

Differential titin isoform expression in human skeletal muscle

Mammalian skeletal muscle expresses at least two isoforms of the cytoskeletal protein titin (connectin; MW ≈ 3000 kDa). These isoforms are associated with different passive force curves, and thus may affect physical performance. To study the distribution of titin and its possible influence on performance in humans, muscle biopsies were obtained from 15 males (X ± SE; age = 25.4 ± 2.9 years, height = 177.7 ± 1.8 cm, weight = 76.5 ± 2.2 kg). Two biopsies were obtained on separate occasions from both the right and left vastus lateralis, and one biopsy each from the lateral head of the right gastrocnemius and the right soleus, with all biopsies handled identically. Fibre type analyses were performed via mATPase histochemistry. Expression of titin and myosin heavy chain isoforms were determined by SDS-PAGE. Titin bands in the resulting gels were highly repeatable and were verified by migration patterns, as well as Western blot analysis. Two groups of subjects were identified: group 1 (n=10) expressed only one titin isoform (titin-1) in all biopsies, and group 2 (n=5) expressed two titin isoforms (titin-1 and titin-2) in all biopsies. No significant differences (P> 0.05) between groups were observed for percentage fibre types, percentage fibre type areas, fibre type cross-sectional areas, and percentage myosin heavy chain expression when comparing individual muscles, sampling times or bilateral comparisons. This is the first report of differential titin isoform expression in healthy, mature human skeletal muscle, but it is not clear why this occurs or what influence this may have on performance.     

北京市区大气细菌粒子的沉降量

本工作用平皿沉降法在北京市西单观测了大气细菌粒子的沉降量。结果表明,大气细菌粒子的年平均沉降量为72.9个/皿·5min;一天内大气细菌粒子沉降量出现7:00、19:00两个高峰时和13:00、夜间1:00两个低峰时。同时表明,大气细菌粒子的沉降量夏季高,冬季低;白天高,夜间低。