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排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
992.
Marianne Cederblad Lisa Dahlin Olle Hagnell Kjell Hansson 《European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience》1995,245(1):11-19
The Sjöbring system of personality dimensions measuring intellectual capacity, activity, impulsivity and sociability was used to study possible salutogenic (i.e. causes of health) effects. The study comprised 590 subjects investigated in 1947, 1957, 1972 and 1988–1989 in the Lundby project, an epidemiological study in Sweden. Psychiatric diagnoses were made in 1947, 1957 and 1972. Mental health was estimated in 1988–1989 using the concept love well, work well, play well and expect well. The Sjöbring dimensions were clinically assessed in 1972. Both in the concurrent study in 1972 and in the prospective study in 1988–1989 super capacity (high intellectual function), super validity (high activity level) and super solidity (low impulsivity) were statistically associated with lower frequencies of certain psychiatric diagnoses and a higher frequency of positive mental health. These variables are proposed to increase coping capacity, and therefore increase stress resilience. 相似文献
993.
A review entitled “The human toxicity of marijuana” was published in 1992 in the Medical Journal of Australia. The authors claimed that the adverse effects of cannabis use have been trivialized and that the effects are much more serious than earlier reported. We have made a careful study of this review and examined the claims made. We compared the claims of the authors with the information contained in the documents they cited and found that at least 28 of the 35 citations in this article were cited inaccurately. Five of these publications were misquoted, or the findings of the study were not fully reported. Twenty-three citations contained other errors, leaving only six to eight (two citations could not be retrieved because of their obscurity) accurate citations among 35. All of these inaccuracies operate in the direction of finding an adverse effect of marijuana. 相似文献
994.
Braithwaite J Lazarus L Vining RF Soar J 《The International journal of health planning and management》1995,10(2):87-98
Hospitals are changing. Throughout the OECD the hospital, that enduring and pervasive organization which has delivered the vast majority of acute care services for decades, is being reconceptualized. We briefly analyse trends which clearly indicate that the existing concept of the hospital is rapidly coming to an end. The emerging model consists of a core facility comprising only the most acute services, intensive care, operating theatres and an accident and emergency unit, with all other services and units linked by information technology to each other and to the core facility. We explore some of the management challenges confronting those who will be responsible for taking their organization through the transition to the boundaryless hospital arrangement, discuss a number of the existing problems with today's hospitals which the new model has the propensity to resolve, and deal with some of the emerging issues which it brings with it. 相似文献
995.
Huang P 《The International journal of health planning and management》1995,10(3):183-191
This paper examines the hospital accreditation system in Taiwan, Republic of China. The paper describes the historical evolution of accreditation; preliminary teaching hospital accreditation; hospital and teaching hospital accreditation; issues and problems; and perspectives and challenges. 相似文献
996.
FITCH KATHRYN M.; ALVAREZ LUCIA PEREZ; ANDRES MEDINA RAFAEL DE; MORRONDO RAFAEL NAJERA 《European journal of public health》1995,5(3):175-186
Health care workers have a small but real risk of acquiringHIV infection as a result of occupational exposure. In thispaper, we review all reports in the scientific literature from1984 through to December 1993 of confirmed and probable casesof HIV seroconversion after a specific occupational exposure.A total of 64 confirmed cases have been reported, 24 in Europe,36 in the USA and 4 in other countries. Most seroconversionshave resulted from percutaneous exposure (91%) to AIDS patients(62%), usually caused by hollow bore needlestick injuries inflictedduring blood drawing procedures. Almost all seroconversionshave been detected within 6 months of exposure (94%) and haveusually been preceded by an episode of acute illness (73%).Ten seroconversions have occurred in spite of partial or completecourses of zidovudine prophylaxis. An additional 113 probablecases have been reported, 75 in the USA, 35 in Europe and 3in other countries. Aggregating the results of the prospectivestudies carried out, it is calculated that the risk of seroconversionfollowing percutaneous exposure is 0.33% or 3 in 1000 exposures(95% Cl: 0.210.52%), while the risk following mucocutaneousexposure is much lower (0.04%, 95% Cl: 0.0060.31%). Thedocumented failure of zidovudine prophylaxis following occupationalexposure in a number of instances indicate its effect is, atbest, only partial; furthermore, exposure to source patientswho have been receiving the drug may lead to transmission ofzidovudine-resistant strains of HIV. Risk factors for occupationalexposure to HIV and for transmission, given that an exposurehas occurred, are discussed. 相似文献
997.
Defining harm reduction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Single E 《Drug and alcohol review》1995,14(3):287-290
Harm reduction attempts to reduce the adverse consequences of drug use among persons who continue to use drugs. It developed in response to the excesses of a “zero tolerance approach”. Harm reduction emphasizes practical rather than idealized goals. It has been expanded from illicit drugs to legal drugs and is grounded in the evolving public health and advocacy movements. Harm reduction has proved to be effective and it has gained increasing official acceptance; for example, it is now the basis of Canada's Drug Strategy. However, the concept is still poorly defined, as virtually any drug policy or programme, even abstinence-oriented programmes, attempt to reduce drug-related harm. The principle feature of harm reduction is the acceptance of the fact that some drug users cannot be expected to cease their drug use at the present time. Harm reduction is neutral about the long term goals of intervention while according a high priority to short-term realizable goals. Harm reduction should be neutral about legalization. The essence of the concept is to ameliorate adverse consequences of drug use while, at least in the short term, drug use continues. 相似文献
998.
Summary The Save Our Sisters Project builds on the roles of 95 natural helpers to increase mammography screening among older African American women in a NC county. Natural helpers are lay people to whom others naturally turn for advice, emotional support, and tangible aid. Findings from 14 focus group interviews showed that older women seek out these individuals when they have a female-specific concern, rather than or before seeking help from professionals. The characteristics of natural helpers, revealed in the findings, were used to identify and recruit them to become trained lay health advisors in breast cancer education. Through the SOS Project, natural helpers provide a community-based system of care and social support that complements the more specialized role of health professionals; linking them to women through places and ways that no health professional could begin to acquire. The three roles of lay health advisors are: (1) to assist individuals in their social networks with needs that are difficult for professionals to address; (2) to negotiate with professionals for support from the health system; and (3) to mobilize the resources of associations in their community to sustain support from the health system. 相似文献
1000.