甘精胰岛素联合西格列汀对首诊2型糖尿病血糖波动炎症因子及低血糖事件的影响

目的 探讨甘精胰岛素联合西格列汀对首诊2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血糖波动、炎症因子及低血糖事件的影响。方法 选择2017年6月至2018年10月在无锡市第三人民医院接受治疗的124例首诊T2DM患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组62例。对照组给予甘精胰岛素联合瑞格列奈治疗,观察组给予甘精胰岛素联合西格列汀治疗。比较两组患者空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 h PBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、日内血糖平均波动幅度（MAGE）、日内血糖波动次数（NGE）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、体质指数（BMI）,以及低血糖发生率和甘精胰岛素用量的差异。结果 观察组患者治疗后的MAGE为（2.53±1.19）mmol/L、NGE为（1.53±0.93）mmol/L,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗前与治疗后MAGE、NGE的差值进行比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者治疗后的血清CRP水平为（2.76±1.03）mg/L、TNF-α为（19.83±8.41）ng/L、IL-6为（18.61±4.73）ng/L,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗前与治疗后血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6差值进行比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者治疗后的BMI为（23.24±2.83）kg/m²,对照组为（24.29±3.05）kg/m²,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患者低血糖发生率为1.60%、甘精胰岛素用量为（25.54±5.09）U/d,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 甘精胰岛素联合西格列汀能够减少血糖波动,减轻机体微炎症反应,减少低血糖发生率和甘精胰岛素用量。     

Basal–Prandial Insulin Delivery in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via the V-Go?: A Novel Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion Device

Background

The V-Go™ is a once-daily disposable device that allows coverage of basal and prandial insulin requirements over a period of 24 hours. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to evaluate the clinical functionality, safety, and pharmacodynamics of the V-Go delivering insulin aspart and redistributing a single basal dose of insulin glargine as a constant basal infusion supplemented with prandial insulin in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

In six subjects receiving once-daily subcutaneous (SC) injections of insulin glargine (≥15 U/day) with or without concomitant oral antidiabetic drugs, glargine was discontinued following a 3-day baseline phase. The V-Go was then applied to the lower abdomen of the subjects once daily for 7 days (days 1–3 inpatient, days 4–7 outpatient). Each V-Go provided a continuous 24-hour preset basal infusion rate of insulin aspart (0.6 U/h) and up to three daily prandial doses at mealtimes. Capillary blood glucose concentrations were measured at 11 time points per day during the baseline and inpatient phases and at 4 time points per day during the outpatient phase. Additionally, glucose profiles were measured continuously on all days.

Results

The V-Go was well tolerated and operated as anticipated. The mean ± SEM prestudy daily dose of SC insulin glargine was 33.3 ± 13.8 U; the mean daily total insulin aspart dose infused with the V-Go was 31.5 ± 7.5 and 32.3 ± 7.8 U for the inpatient and outpatient periods, respectively. Fasting blood glucose values were similar to those observed at baseline throughout the study, with nonsignificant (NS) reductions in readings collected during the outpatient phase before lunch (-35 ± 27 mg/dl) and before dinner (-38 ± 25 mg/dl). The 2-hour postprandial glucose trended lower from 231 to 195 mg/dl (NS) at breakfast, 234 to 166 mg/dl (NS) at lunch, and 222 to 171 mg/dl (NS) at dinner. Bedtime blood glucose decreased (mean change from baseline -52 ± 21 mg/dl; P = 0.0313), as did nighttime (3:00 AM) measurements (-20 ± 9 mg/dl; P = 0.0313). Overall glycemic control tended to improve, as shown by continuous glucose monitoring changing from 173 to 157 mg/dl (P = 0.063, NS) and 156 mg/dl (P = 0.219) during inpatient and outpatient periods, respectively. Glycemic variability assessed by the M value similarly tended to decrease from 33 ± 9 to 25 ± 4 (NS) and 21 ± 4 (NS) for inpatient and outpatient periods, respectively.

Conclusions

These first data suggest that use of the V-Go is an attractive alternative to SC insulin injection therapy because metabolic control appears to be maintained or even improved without increasing daily insulin doses.     

A C-Peptide-Based Model of Pancreatic Insulin Secretion in Extremely Preterm Neonates in Intensive Care

Background:

Model-based glycemic control relies on sufficiency of underlying models to describe underlying patient physiology. In particular, very preterm infant glucose-insulin metabolism can differ significantly from adults, and is relatively unstudied. In this study, C-peptide concentrations are used to develop insulin-secretion models for the purposes of glycemic control in neonatal intensive care.

Methods:

Plasma C-peptide, insulin, and blood glucose concentrations (BGC) were retrospectively analyzed from a cohort of 41 hyperglycemic very preterm (median age 27.2 [26.2-28.7] weeks) and very low birth-weight infants (median birth weight 839 [735-1000] g). A 2-compartment model of C-peptide kinetics was used to estimate insulin secretion. Insulin secretion was examined with respect to nutritional intake, exogenous and plasma insulin concentration, and BGC.

Results:

Insulin secretion was found to be highly variable between patients and over time, and could not be modeled with respect to age, weight, or protein or dextrose intake. In 13 of 54 samples exogenous insulin was being administered, and insulin secretion was lower. However, low data numbers make this result inconclusive. Insulin secretion was found to increase with BG, with a stronger association in female infants than males (R² = .51 vs R² = .13, and R² = .26 for the combined cohort).

Conclusions:

A sex-based insulin secretion model was created and incorporated into a model-based glycemic control framework. Nutritional intake did not predict insulin secretion, indicating that insulin secretion is a complex function of a number of metabolic factors.     

Diets high in glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome among Korean women

Background and aimsAccurate estimation of the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of diets is essential when assessing health implications of dietary GI and GL. The present study aimed to estimate dietary GI and GL utilizing the updated GI tables with a large number of new, reliable GI values and assess their associations with metabolic syndrome among Korean adults.Methods and resultsWe analyzed data from 3317 men and 6191 women for this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome and its components were defined based on the harmonized criteria with Korean-specific cutoffs for waist circumference. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared with women in the lowest quintiles of energy-adjusted dietary GI and GL, women in the highest quintiles had significantly greater risks of metabolic syndrome (GI, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.18–2.06; GL, OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.27–2.57), elevated blood pressure, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, both GI and GL), elevated triglycerides (GI only), elevated waist circumference, and elevated fasting glucose (GL only). Among men, no significant association was noted except for a higher risk of reduced HDL-C (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.01–2.29) in the highest quintile of energy-adjusted dietary GI than in the lowest quintile.ConclusionOur findings suggest that dietary GI and GL are positively associated with metabolic syndrome risk among women, but not men, in Korea.     

功能磁共振成像评价肝性脑病患者大脑基线活动的改变

目的 采用fMRI技术观察肝性脑病(HE)患者大脑基线活动改变。方法 对24例HE患者行静息态fMRI扫描,获取低频振幅(ALFF),其中临床症状明显的肝性脑病(OHE组)及临床症状隐匿的轻微型肝性脑病(MHE组)各12例。另选12名健康志愿者作为对照组。并进行统计学分析。结果 3组ALFF差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)的脑区主要集中于额叶、顶叶及颞叶。与对照组比较,OHE组ALFF升高的脑区包括右侧小脑后叶、左侧小脑前叶、左侧海马旁回及左侧额下回/岛叶皮质,MHE组ALFF升高的脑区包括右侧缘上回/颞上回;OHE组ALFF减低的脑区包括双侧内侧前额叶皮质、双侧后扣带回/左侧楔叶、右侧中央后回/中央前回、左侧中央旁小叶及左侧辅助运动区,MHE组ALFF减低的脑区包括左侧距状裂皮质、双侧后扣带回/右侧楔前叶、左侧中央后回、双侧中央旁小叶及双侧辅助运动区(P均<0.05)。与MHE组比较,OHE组ALFF减低的脑区包括左侧前扣带回、双侧内侧前额叶皮质、双侧后扣带回、右侧角回/枕上回及右侧额中回(P均<0.05)。OHE组及MHE组双侧后扣带回ALFF均与血氨水平呈负相关(P均<0.05)。结论 OHE及MHE患者均存在静息态下脑功能异常。     

利拉鲁肽治疗血糖控制不佳超重2型糖尿病的疗效

目的 观察利拉鲁肽治疗血糖控制不佳超重2型糖尿病( T2DM)患者的临床效果. 方法 40例口服降糖药物联合胰岛素治疗后血糖控制不佳的超重T2DM患者,在原治疗方案不变的基础上加用利拉鲁肽注射液,连用12周. 观察治疗前、治疗后4周和12周空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹C肽、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、体重指数(BMI)、血脂的变化情况. 结果 治疗后FPG、2hPG、空腹C肽、HbA1c、BMI较治疗前均明显下降(P<0.05),随着时间的增加,上述各指标均逐渐降低(P<0.05);治疗前后患者总胆固醇、高密度胆固醇、低密度胆固醇、甘油三酯、脂联素、瘦素水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).40 例患者平均HbA1c、体重由治疗前的8.6%、74.4 kg,下降至治疗12周后的7.6%、71.1 kg,分别减少了1.0%、3.3 kg. HbA1c下降幅度与患者治疗前HbA1c水平呈正相关(P<0.05),与患者既往使用胰岛素呈负相关(P<0.05),与其他指标无明显相关性(P>0.05). 治疗期间无低血糖、无胰腺炎及不良免疫反应等发生. 结论 利拉鲁肽对血糖控制不佳超重2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的治疗效果好,可明显降低体重,改善血糖.     

二甲双胍联合西格列汀或格列美脲对2型糖尿病血糖波动和氧化应激的影响

目的 探讨2型糖尿病用二甲双胍控制不佳时分别联合西格列汀或格列美脲治疗对血糖波动和氧化应激的影响。方法 46例经二甲双胍片治疗血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者,随机联合西格列汀（S组）或格列美脲（G组）继续治疗12周。观察治疗后2组以及2组间的血糖水平、血糖波动,氧化应激和安全性。结果 两组治疗后HbA1c、FBG、2 h PG均显著下降（P <0.05）,两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。2组治疗后血糖波动幅度和3-NT水平均显著下降（P <0.05）,S组的血糖波动幅度和3-NT水平显著低于G组（P <0.05）。治疗后仅S组CRP水平显著下降（P <0.05）,S组体重指数和总体不良反应也显著低于G组（P <0.05）。结论 单用二甲双胍控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者,联合西格列汀比联合格列美脲能更有效地降低血糖波动,降低氧化应激和炎症因子水平,减少不良反应。     

Impact of joint status on contraction steadiness of m. quadriceps femoris in people with severe haemophilia

Impaired contraction steadiness of lower limb muscles affects functional performance and may increase injury risk. We hypothesize that haemophilic arthropathy of the knee and the strength status of quadriceps are relevant factors which compromise a steady contraction. This study addresses the questions if impaired steadiness of the quadriceps is verifiable in people with haemophilia (PWH) and whether a connection between the status of the knee joint and quadriceps strength exists. A total of 157 PWH and 85 controls (C) performed a strength test with a knee extensor device to evaluate their bilateral and unilateral maximal quadriceps strength and steadiness. Isometric steadiness was measured by the coefficient of variation of maximum peak torque (CV‐MVIC in %). For classification of the knee joint status the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH) score was used. Lower steadiness (higher CV values) was found in PWH compared with C during bilateral [PWH vs. C; 0.63 (0.36/1.13) vs. 0.35 (0.15/0.72), median (Q25/Q75) P < 0.001] and unilateral trials [left leg: 0.70 (0.32/1.64) vs. 0.50 (0.23/1.04), P < 0.05; right leg: 0.68 (0.29/1.51) vs. 0.39 (0.18/0.68), P < 0.001]. PWH with a WFH score difference (≥1) between their extremities showed a less steady contraction in the more affected extremity (P < 0.05). More unsteady contractions have also been found in extremities with lower quadriceps strength compared with the contralateral stronger extremities (P < 0.001), whereby the weaker extremities were associated with a worse joint status (P < 0.001). The results of this study verify an impaired ability to realize a steady contraction of quadriceps in PWH and the influence of joint damage and strength on its manifestation.     

Design and Implementation of a Web-Based Reporting and Benchmarking Center for Inpatient Glucometrics

Background:Insulin is a top source of adverse drug events in the hospital, and glycemic control is a focus of improvement efforts across the country. Yet, the majority of hospitals have no data to gauge their performance on glycemic control, hypoglycemia rates, or hypoglycemic management. Current tools to outsource glucometrics reports are limited in availability or function.Methods:Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) faculty designed and implemented a web-based data and reporting center that calculates glucometrics on blood glucose data files securely uploaded by users. Unit labels, care type (critical care, non–critical care), and unit type (eg, medical, surgical, mixed, pediatrics) are defined on upload allowing for robust, flexible reporting. Reports for any date range, care type, unit type, or any combination of units are available on demand for review or downloading into a variety of file formats. Four reports with supporting graphics depict glycemic control, hypoglycemia, and hypoglycemia management by patient day or patient stay. Benchmarking and performance ranking reports are generated periodically for all hospitals in the database.Results:In all, 76 hospitals have uploaded at least 12 months of data for non–critical care areas and 67 sites have uploaded critical care data. Critical care benchmarking reveals wide variability in performance. Some hospitals achieve top quartile performance in both glycemic control and hypoglycemia parameters.Conclusions:This new web-based glucometrics data and reporting tool allows hospitals to track their performance with a flexible reporting system, and provides them with external benchmarking. Tools like this help to establish standardized glucometrics and performance standards.