输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石(附200例报告)

目的总结输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术（URSL）治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析200例采用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石患者的资料。结果碎石成功率为96％（192／200），其中一次性碎石成功率为90．5％（181／200），4～7W内结石全部排尽。8例失败者中5例合并输尿管狭窄，其中2例因操作困难，视野不清直接改开放手术，3例碎石成功，因术后放置双J管失败改开放手术；结石移位造成手术失败3例，其中1例改开放手术，2例结石移位入肾孟，留置双J管后行ESWL治疗；74例（37％）术后有肉眼或镜下血尿，多于1～2d内消失，200例均无穿孔、感染等并发症。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术（URSL）治疗输尿管结石疗效确切、安全、组织损伤小、清除彻底、并发症少，可作为输尿管中段和下段结石的首选治疗方法。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗146例输尿管中下段结石

目的:探讨在输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管中下段结石的疗效及临床价值。方法:回顾性分析经输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管中下段结石146例。结果:一次性碎石成功率95%(138/146),2例联合应用体外震波碎石(ESWL)术成功(1.4%),因结石质硬失败6例(4.2%)。结论:输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管中下段结石具有安全、可靠、创伤小及并发症少等优点,可作为输尿管中下段结石的首选方法。     

双氯芬酸钠柔性脂质体的制备及其对离体小鼠皮肤的透皮效果

利用同离子效应制备双氯芬酸钠柔性脂质体,并考察脂质浓度对包封率的影响.同时比较了双氯芬酸钠乳膏、传统脂质体与柔性脂质体对离体小鼠皮肤的透皮效果.结果表明,同离子效应可显著增大柔性脂质体的包封率,较理想的脂质浓度为卵磷脂-胆酸钠为6∶1.2(g,w/w),离体小鼠皮肤12h累积透过率依次为:柔性脂质体＞＞传统脂质体＞乳膏.     

经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗肾结石的护理

经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石术（PCNL）是治疗肾结石的有效手段。手术过程中出血少．结石清除率高，对肾脏影响很小，逐步取代了传统的开放手术，成为肾蛄石的主要治疗方法。2010年1月~2011年6月，我科应用PCNL治疗肾结石52例，效果满意。现将结果报告如下。     

Treatment options for active removal of renal stones

This study provides an update on the technological aspects of the methods for active removal of renal stones. Currently, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are the available options. Findings are based upon recent literature from the PubMed database and the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. ESWL remains the option of choice for stones with diameter ≤ 20 mm due to its low invasive character, whereas PCNL is the standard for stones with diameter > 20 mm because of its high stone-free rates. Although ESWL treatment has become more patient friendly, its efficacy has not improved. On the other hand, URS has gained renewed interest due to new technological developments and improved treatment methods.     

Utility of Flexible Bronchoscopy in the Evaluation of Pulmonary Infiltrates in the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Population – A Single Center Fourteen Year Experience

IntroductionPulmonary infiltrates are common within the hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) population and unfortunately portend an increased mortality. Bronchoscopy is often utilized as an initial diagnostic tool, but the literature supporting its diagnostic utility and effect on clinical management varies significantly. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic ability, complication rate, and clinical impact of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) in evaluating pulmonary infiltrates in a large HSCT population.Patients and methodRetrospective review of all patients undergoing FB after HSCT in the Bone Marrow Transplant Unit from 1996 to 2009.ResultsFB was performed 162 times in 144 patients with pulmonary infiltrates yielding positive results in 52.5%. The most common positive results were bacterial pneumonia (31%), fungal pneumonia (15%), and alveolar hemorrhage (11%). Treatment changes occurred in 44% of patients after FB. Treatment changes included antibiotic modification (59%), addition of corticosteroids (21%), antifungal modification (12%), and antiviral modification (7%). The overall complication rate associated with FB was 30%, although 84% of these complications were considered minor.ConclusionsFB in patients with pulmonary infiltrates after HSCT should still be considered a valuable tool in the evaluation and management of pulmonary infiltrates in the HSCT population. Future prospective, multicenter randomized studies are needed to evaluate the overall clinical impact that bronchoscopic results and management changes have in this unique population.     

膀胱软镜在复杂性肾结石开放手术中的应用

目的：探讨膀胱软镜在复杂性肾结石开放手术中的应用价值。方法：将膀胱软镜应用于复杂性肾结石开放手术中辅助结石取出及检查28例，术中经膀胱软镜探查，并配合钳夹冲洗肾盏切开等方法取出结石。结果：28例均获得成功，术后行B超及X片复查，仅2例结石残留。结论：肾多发结石开放手术中配合膀胱软镜检查可以提高手术成功率，减少结石残留率，减少对患者损伤，是一种安全有效的方法，同时还能对其他病变起到检查及治疗作用。