大鼠味腺VIP、NPY和CGRP免疫反应性神经的支配

本文用免疫细胞化学法（ＩＣＣ）成成年大白鼠味腺内血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）、神经肽ＹＮＰＹ）和降钙素其因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）免疫反应性（ＩＲ）神经的支配进行了观察。结果表农明：味腺内ＶＩＰ、ＮＰＹ和ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲ神经都有密集分布，主要支配腺泡和血管，味腺及其周围有ＶＩＰ和ＮＰＹ－ＩＲ神经元细胞体分布，未见到ＣＧＲＰ－ＩＲ神经元细胞体。说明ＶＩＰ、ＮＰＹ和ＣＧＲｐ－ＩＲ神经可能与味腺的分泌和血流的调节有关。     

Effect of antispermatogenic compound CDRI-84/35 on marker enzymes of rat testis cells : A study on site of action

Marker enzymes of Sertoli and germ cells were estimated to study the mechanism of action of antispermatogenic compound CDRI 84/35 in adult male rat testis. Animals were killed after 22, 41, and 64 days of treatment with antispermatogenic dose of CDRI 84/35 in order to evaluate the effect of the compound on spermatid, spermatocyte, and spermatogonial stages, respectively. Studies were also extended to a recovery period of 90 days. Results indicate a direction action of the compound on germ cells, with no apparent effect on Sertoli cells. Studies also show a massive depletion of postmeiotic germ cells after the treatment, with some damage to premeiotic germ cells as well. Reversibility of the compound was partial, with the marker enzymes of pre- and postmeiotic germ cells not being restored to control levels after withdrawal of treatment.     

小檗碱对大鼠阴茎海绵体磷酸二酯酶5mRNA水平的影响

目的 :检测大鼠阴茎海绵体中磷酸二酯酶 5 (PDE5 )mRNA的表达 ,进而探讨小檗碱 (berberine ,Ber)的分子作用机制。　方法 :通过逆转录酶链反应 (RT PCR)技术检测大鼠阴茎海绵体中PDE5mRNA的表达。　结果 :大鼠阴茎海绵体中有PDE5A1和PDE5A2mRNA的表达 ,以PDE5A2为主要的异构酶。与内参照 β 肌动蛋白相比 ,对照组、Ber孵育 1和 3h组的PDE5A1及PDE5A2基因mRNA的相对表达量分别为 :0 .2 2± 0 .0 2 ,0 .4 1± 0 .0 1 ;0 .1 5± 0 .0 1 ,0 .34± 0 .0 2 ;0 .1 0± 0 .0 1 ,0 .1 2± 0 .0 1。与对照组相比 ,PDE5A1、PDE5A2的mRNA表达 ,在Ber孵育 1h组降低了 32 %和 1 7%,3h组降低了 5 5 %和 71 %,其中尤以应用Ber 3h后PDE5A2的mRNA减少最为明显 (n =5 ,P <0 .0 1 )。　结论 :Ber对NO cGMP信号通路的下游关键酶 (PDE5 )具有一定的调控作用 ,尤其是抑制PDE5A2的mRNA表达 ,为Ber治疗勃起功能障碍的分子机制之一。     

主动吸入药物烟对大鼠一氧化氮的影响

目的　探讨主动吸入药物烟对大鼠NO的影响。方法　制备大鼠主动吸烟模型 ,采用硝酸还原酶法测定各组大鼠血清、肺、心肌及脑组织的NO含量。结果　非药物烟组大鼠血清、肺、心肌及脑组织中NO含量明显低于非给烟对照组 ,药物烟高、中剂量组NO含量明显高于非药物烟组 ,接近非给烟对照组。结论　吸烟对大鼠血液、肺、心肌及脑组织有不同程度的损伤作用 ,使NO含量降低 ;药物烟具有一定的保护和防止NO含量降低的作用。     

生长激素对大鼠海绵体神经移植后再生的影响

目的:研究腓肠神经移植替代损伤的双侧海绵体神经(CN)后,生长激素(GH)对大鼠勃起功能恢复的影响。方法:24只雄性SD大鼠(3~4个月,300~400 g)随机均分为2组:神经移植组(腓肠神经移植替代损伤的双侧CN);GH组(神经移植后皮下注射GH)。2个月及4个月后,CN电刺激检测大鼠阴茎勃起功能,免疫组化SP法检测阴茎海绵体内神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)神经纤维并图像分析计算阳性像素值。结果:2个月后GH组有31.25%CN对电刺激有勃起反应,较神经移植组0%差异有显著性(P<0.05),nNOS阳性神经纤维的像素值在GH组为38 971±7 692,而神经移植组为16 538±3 179,差异同样具有显著性(P<0.05);而4个月后GH组有75%的CN对电刺激有勃起反应,神经移植组43.75%的CN有反应,差异无显著性(P>0.05);nNOS阳性神经纤维的像素值分别为91 348±18 965,79 276±12 021,差异亦无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:GH能促进CN移植后的再生,有利于盆腔根治性手术后勃起功能的恢复。     

Changes in 5 alpha-reductase type n activity in sex glands of diabetic male rats

Objective: To study the changes in 5α-reductase type Ⅱactivity in sex glands of pubertal and adult male rats with diabetes. Methods: Pubertal (40 days old) and adult (90 days old) male Wistar rats were used, 30 animals in each group. Each group was randomly divided into 3 subgroups: the control (C), the diabetic (D) and the diabetic with insulin replacement (ID). The activity of 5α-reductase type Ⅱ was determined with thin layer chromatography in the epididymis, prostate and testis. Results: (1) In all the sex glands of pubertal rats, the enzyme activity was significantly lower in group D than in groups C and ID. (2) In all the sex glands of adult rats, there was no significant difference in the activity. Conclusion: In male rats, the activity of 5αa-reductase type Ⅱ in sex glands is more vulnerable to diabetes in pubertal rats than in adult rats.     

脐静脉灌注提高分离人胎肝细胞纯度

应用脐静脉灌注冲洗人胎儿肝脏,胰蛋白酶消化后经光镜及扫描电镜观察,证实可获得纯度为90%以上的肝实质细胞,培养上清液可测出胎甲蛋白活性,证明胎肝细胞具有生物学活性,为应用人肝细胞培养进行生理生化及药理方面的实验研究,提供一种新的获取人肝细胞的方法.     

香烟烟雾吸入对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后梗死灶的影响

目的 观察香烟烟雾吸入对大鼠局灶性脑缺血后梗死灶的影响，探讨其机制。方法 建立吸烟大鼠模型。用TTC染色法测定梗死灶体积，检测大鼠局灶性脑缺血后神经功能缺陷评分及梗死灶体积占同侧半球百分比。结果 除戒烟组外各吸烟组大鼠神经功能缺陷评分及梗死灶体积与对照组相比显著增加，吸烟4周、8周及12周依次增加。戒烟组神经功能评分及梗死体积明显低于吸烟4周组，与对照组无显著差别。结论 吸烟可加重大鼠局灶性脑缺血后脑组织损害，且随着吸烟时间增加而加重，戒烟可使这种脑损害得到一定程度的恢复。     

乙醇毒染大鼠睾丸总抗氧化能力、一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶的变化与生殖细胞凋亡的关系

目的:探讨饮酒大鼠睾丸总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的变化与生殖细胞凋亡的关系。方法:20只成年健康SD雄性大鼠随机均分为对照组和实验组,实验组和对照组分别用50%的乙醇溶液和蒸馏水按10 m l/kg每晚灌胃1次连续26 d(两个生精周期)后,用硝酸还原酶法测定睾丸组织中NO含量;用化学比色法测定其T-AOC和NOS活性;原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测生殖细胞凋亡指数(AI)的变化。结果:与对照组相比,实验组生殖细胞AI增加(P<0.01);睾丸组织T-AOC极显著下降(P<0.01),而NO含量明显上升(P<0.01)、NOS活性显著增强(P<0.01)。结论:大量饮酒能诱导生殖细胞凋亡增加,NOS活性增强导致NO的过量产生及T-AOC的显著下降是其重要原因。     

Maternal administration of valaciclovir in symptomatic intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection

Objectives  To report early experience with treatment of intrauterine cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection using maternal oral administration of valaciclovir (VACV).
Design  Observational study of fetuses infected with CMV with or without treatment with valaciclovir.
Population  Pregnancies with confirmed fetal CMV infection were treated with oral VACV (8 g/day).
Main outcome measures  Fetal viral load and drug concentration were monitored in amniotic fluid and in fetal blood. Data on the course and outcome of a group of untreated symptomatic fetuses infected with CMV are also reported.
Results  Therapeutic concentrations were achieved in maternal and fetal bloods. The viral load in the fetal blood (VLFB) decreased significantly after 1–12 weeks of treatment (Wilcoxon paired test P = 0.02). Twenty pregnancies including 21 fetuses were treated at 28 weeks (median, range: 22–34) for 7 weeks (median, range: 1–12). Ten infants were developing normally at between 1 and 5 years of age. Two infants (both aged 2 years) had severe isolated unilateral deafness. One neonate presented with microcephaly and severe deafness but was also diagnosed with incontinentia pigmenti. Six out of seven cases that eventually required termination of pregnancy (TOP) had evidence of in utero progression of the disease with worsening cerebral lesions. One fetus died in utero . The outcome of 14/24 (58.3%) untreated symptomatic infected fetuses was poor with either TOP, intrauterine fetal demise or severe congenital infection disease of the neonate; the remaining ten infants were healthy at follow up.
Conclusion  Maternal oral administration of VACV leads to therapeutic concentrations in the maternal and fetal compartments, with a decrease in VLFB. Our results suggest that in cases where TOP is declined, a randomised controlled trial to study this treatment option further is indicated.