A Pragmatic Observational Feasibility Study on Integrated Treatment for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Design and Protocol

Background:Musculoskeletal disorders(MSD) comprise a wide range of conditions,associated with an enormous pain and impaired mobility,and are affecting people's lives and work.Management of musculoskeletal disorders typically involves a multidisciplinary team approach.Positive findings have been found in previous studies evaluating the effectiveness of complementary therapies,though little attention has been paid to evaluating of the effectiveness of integrated packages of care combining conventional and complementary approaches for musculoskeletal conditions in a National Health Service(NHS) setting.Objective:To determine the feasibility of all aspects of a pragmatic observational study designed:(1) to evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of integrated treatments for MSDs in an integrated NHS hospital in the UK;(2) to determine the acceptability of the study design and research process to patients;(3) to explore patients' expectation and experience of receiving integrated treatments.Methods:This is an observational feasibility study,with 1-year recruitment and 1-year follow-up,conducted in Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine,University College London Hospital Trust,UK.All eligible patients with MSDs newly referred to the hospital were included in the study.Interventions are integrated packages of care(conventional and complementary) as currently provided in the hospital.SF-36 Health Survey,short form Brief Pain Inventory,Visual Analogue Scale,and modified Client Service Receipt Inventory will be assessed at 4/5 time points.Semi-structured interview/focus group will be carried out before treatment,and 1 year after commence of treatment.Discussion:We intend to conduct a pragmatic observational study of integrated medical treatment of MSDs at a public sector hospital.It will inform the design of a future trial including recruitment,retention,suitability of the outcome measures and patients experiences.     

电子知情同意在药物临床试验中的可行性探讨

蛋白多肽类药物脂质体是将蛋白多肽类药物用脂质体包封后形成的载药脂质体,具有靶向、缓释、良好的稳定性等优点。综述了2000年以来中国专利申请中涉及的新型蛋白多肽类药物脂质体,包括凝胶型脂质体、前体脂质体、长循环脂质体、免疫脂质体、柔性脂质体、pH敏感脂质体、配体修饰脂质体、磁性纳米脂质体、多囊脂质体,为继续开发新型的蛋白多肽类药物脂质体提供新的思路。     

四肢创面修复应用皮肤牵张闭合器的可行性研究

目的:探讨四肢创面修复应用皮肤牵张闭合器的可行性。方法:纳入本院40例2017年2月~2018年1月四肢创面患者。随机数字表分组,负压封闭引流术组采取负压封闭引流术治疗,皮肤牵张闭合器治疗组则采取皮肤牵张闭合器治疗。比较负压封闭引流术组、皮肤牵张闭合器治疗组疗效;四肢创面平均愈合的时间、术后抗感染药物的使用时间、持续镇痛时间;治疗前后患者创面VAS评分、创面白细胞计数;二次手术实施率。结果:皮肤牵张闭合器治疗组疗效、四肢创面平均愈合的时间、术后抗感染药物的使用时间、持续镇痛时间、创面VAS评分、创面白细胞计数相比较负压封闭引流术组更好,P<0.05。皮肤牵张闭合器治疗组二次手术实施率低于负压封闭引流术组,P<0.05。结论:皮肤牵张闭合器治疗四肢创面的效果理想,可有效控制炎症和缓解疼痛,加速创面愈合,减少抗感染药物的使用,减少二次手术。     

鼻唇沟皮瓣修复鼻尖及鼻翼缺损的效果

目的 探讨在鼻尖及鼻翼缺损治疗中应用鼻唇沟皮瓣修复的效果。方法 选取2018年6月-2022年 6月我院收治的82例鼻尖及鼻翼缺损患者作为研究对象,均采用鼻唇沟皮瓣修复术治疗,观察并发症发生 情况及治疗满意度,并对患者治疗前后的生活质量进行比较。结果 82例患者皮瓣成活状况均良好,未出 现静脉回流障碍、皮瓣血供障碍等并发症,治疗满意度为96.34%;治疗后躯体功能、躯体角色、活力、社 会功能、情绪角色、心理健康、总健康评分均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。结论 鼻唇沟 皮瓣修复鼻尖及鼻翼缺损的效果良好,可有效改善患者的生活质量,且术后并发症发生几率较小,患者满 意度较高。但由于个体差异不同,手术治疗时还需根据患者自身情况制定科学的、合理的治疗方案。     

Feasibility of a multidisciplinary intervention to help cancer patients return to work

This study evaluates feasibility of a multidisciplinary intervention combining occupational counselling with physical exercise to enhance cancer patients’ return to work, assesses whether care providers and patients were satisfied with the intervention, and describes barriers to and facilitators of execution. Newly diagnosed cancer patients, treated with chemotherapy and on sick leave from (self‐)employment participated. Patients received counselling from an oncological occupational physician (OOP), were assessed by a sports physician, and performed a 12‐week training programme supervised by physiotherapists. Care providers completed registration forms to collect data on reach, dose delivered and received in executing the protocol and were interviewed about their satisfaction and barriers to and facilitators of execution. Patients completed three questionnaires on satisfaction and usefulness of the intervention. Fifty‐six per cent of all patients were eligible (reach). In total, 123 patients participated. For all intervention components dose delivered exceeded 75%; dose received ranged from 49%–79%. Overall, patients and care providers were satisfied and perceived the intervention as useful. Care providers considered the intervention feasible, while execution was facilitated by highly motivated patients and impeded by physical limitations hindering exercise. It is feasible to conduct this multidisciplinary intervention in cancer patients during curative treatment. Patients and care providers were satisfied with the intervention.     

腹腔镜肝左外叶切除术58例回顾性分析

目的回顾性分析58例腹腔镜肝左外叶切除术临床资料,并与开腹肝左外叶切除术对比,探讨腹腔镜肝左外叶切除术的可行性、优缺点和安全性。方法回顾性分析自贡市第四人民医院肝胆外科收治的行肝左外叶切除术患者166例,根据手术方式不同分为腹腔镜组(n=58)和开腹组(n=108)。对比观察两组一般情况、术中和术后相关指标、手术前后肝功能变化、术后并发症。结果两组手术均一次性成功,无术中死亡病例,均未出现术后再出血。腹腔镜组无中转开腹病例,切口长度、术后住院时间和胃肠道功能恢复时间短于开腹组,术中出血量少于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组ALT、AST水平低于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(F_(分组)=68.209、62.343,P0.05);两组ALT、AST水平表现出先升高后降低的趋势,术前、术后第1天和第3天比较差异有统计学意义(F_(时间)=228.300、179.556,P0.05);腹腔镜组ALT、AST升高幅度小于开腹组(F_(交互)=103.465、88.302,P0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.254,P0.05)。结论腹腔镜肝左外叶切除术是一种安全可行的手术方式,具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优势,建议有条件的医院推广使用。     

Feasibility of repetitive lung function measurements by raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression during methacholine challenge in young infants

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of lung function measurements by the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RVRTC) technique during bronchial methacholine challenge in young infants. METHOD: Four hundred two healthy infants were tested at 1 month of age with RVRTC during repeated methacholine challenges with quadrupling doses from 0.037 to 16.674 mumol. RESULTS: Measurement of baseline lung function was successful in 99% and the provocative dose (PD) was achieved in 79% of infants by forced expiratory volume in 0.5 s (FEV(0.5)). Additionally, the PD was successfully measured in 87% by transcutaneous oxygen pressure. No serious adverse events were observed during testing or after discharge from the clinic. The methacholine dose range was appropriate as PD could be determined in the majority of infants. FEV(0.5) values in 21% of infants dropped > 40% during the test. Short-lasting, self-limiting episodes of hypoxemia of < 80% occurred in 1% of infants and bradycardia < 90 beats/min in 19% of infants. The most common observations by parents were changes in the patterns of sleeping (95%), eating (57%), and behavior (58%) of the infant after hospital discharge. The mean acceptability rating among parents was 8 on a scale from 1 to 10, with 13% rating < or = 5. It took one operator 3 h to complete the test, with the actual lung function testing accounting for half the time. CONCLUSION: This very comprehensive experience with standardized measurements of lung function by RVRTC during methacholine challenge in young infants in a single center leads us to conclude that the test is feasible and safe to perform in asymptomatic young infants.     

家庭雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎85例可行性分析

目的:探讨家庭雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎的可行性,为临床治疗方式提供参考。方法:选取我院2015年1月至2016年1月在门诊诊断为轻/中度毛细支气管炎的患儿177例,按随机分组设计方案分为家庭组85例和医院组92例。两组患儿均采用压缩空气驱动的射流雾化器雾化吸入布地奈德混悬液及0.5%沙丁胺醇雾化溶液,家庭组由经过培训的家长在家中进行,医院组在医院门诊雾化室进行,两组患儿分别于治疗第3天、第5天及第7天监测其喘息缓解时间、喘鸣音消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、疗程、不良反应及家长满意度。结果:医院组总有效率为92.4%,高于家庭组的81.2%(P<0.05);医院组的喘息缓解时间及喘鸣音消失时间为(3.39±1.28)d、(4.01±1.29)d,家庭组喘息缓解时间及喘鸣音消失时间为(3.71±1.26)d、(4.35±1.37)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);家长满意度中的方便性、依从性家庭组明显高于医院组(P<0.05),而可操作性、安全性、给药规律性三项指标及总满意度家庭组明显低于医院组(P<0.01)。结论:家庭雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎暂不可行,有待进一步观察。     

肾脏实性占位病变诊断中应用超声造影技术的可行性及优越性分析

目的：分析肾脏实性占位病变诊断中应用超声造影技术的可行性及优越性。方法：选取2013年1月至2016年6月86例肾脏实性占位病变患者对观察对象。所有患者均行常规超声检测和超声造影检测,观察两种检测方法的特异性、准确性、敏感性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果：将病理学检验结果作为金标准,超声造影的特异性、准确性、敏感性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为：94．2％、96．5％、93．0％、74．4％和100．0％;而常规超声的特异性、准确性、敏感性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为：72．1％、70．9％、59．3％、19．7％、94．2％,超声造影与常规超声在特异性、准确性及阳性预测值方面的比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,但在敏感性和阴性预测值方面的比较差异无统计学意义。结论：肾脏实性占位病变诊断中应用超声造影技术具有较高的特异性、准确性和敏感度,对于临床诊断及鉴别具有较高的应用价值。