Development of a reversible bienzymatic system in immunoenzymatic technique

The use of specific captors solubilized with a ligand on to proteic membranes together with an automatic-computerized system is proposed for the determination of various haptens or antigens in biological and industrial fluids by an enzyme-linked immunoassay test. Two enzymes are used in this technique: the first enzyme for linking reversibly the immunocomplex to the insoluble matrix, the substrate of this enzyme being immobilized on the matrix; the second (beta-d-glucose oxidase) for labelling the antigen. Its activity is measured by fixing the immunocomplex gelatin membrane on to a pO(2) sensor. After incubation of the antigen labelled with glucose oxidase and the free antigen with specific antibodies linked with the first enzyme in a pre-established concentration, the reaction medium is introduced inside the continuous flow cell. O(2) consumption due to the enzyme reaction is measured in actual time when the electrode is in contact with the glucose standard solution. The signal is correlated by an injection of urea solution. The signal is processed with an automated microcomputer system.     

The central projection of muscle afferent fibres to the lower medulla and upper spinal cord: an anatomical study in the cat with the transganglionic transport method

The projection of muscle afferent fibres to the medulla oblongata and upper spinal cord was studied in the cat by using transganglionic transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. The results demonstrate a precise, musculotopic termination pattern in the external cuneate nucleus; thus, fibres from the intrinsic muscles of the paw terminate medially; those from forearm, arm, and shoulder muscles terminate progressively more laterally; and those from neck and thoracic muscles terminate in the ventrolateral and dorsolateral parts, respectively. Muscle afferent fibres to the main cuneate nucleus terminate in the ventral "reticular" region of the nucleus, with a sparse projection also to the ventral part of the rostral and caudal regions, including the base of the dorsal horn. Fibres from the neck muscles terminate slightly more laterally in the ventral region than do those from the limb muscles, but otherwise, and thus contrary to the case in the external cuneate nucleus, no topographic organization was detected. In the spinal cord, projection was found to laminae I and V, and from the musculature of the back of the neck to the central cervical nucleus.     

Saccadic anomalies: vergence induces large departures from ball-and-socket behavior

The configuration of muscular forces, which maintains a given orientation of the eye, varies with vergence state. As a consequence, changes in vergence produce both static and dynamic violations of simple ball-and-socket behavior: during strong convergence, the entire eye is displaced temporally within its orbit at steady state by as much as 200 microns; and the axis of ocular rotation for small horizontal saccades is consistently displaced forward within the globe by an average of about 1 mm. These phenomena occur regardless of whether vergence is maintained by accommodation or by binocular disparity. Hence, systematic errors of as much as a full degree can arise in measurement of vergence movement, unless monitoring methods are used which are insensitive to translational motion. The observed displacement on the axis of rotation for saccades may be involved in subjective shrinkage of visual targets during convergence ("experimental micropsia ").     

The Application of Creatine Supplementation in Medical Rehabilitation

Numerous health conditions affecting the musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and nervous systems can result in physical dysfunction, impaired performance, muscle weakness, and disuse-induced atrophy. Due to its well-documented anabolic potential, creatine monohydrate has been investigated as a supplemental agent to mitigate the loss of muscle mass and function in a variety of acute and chronic conditions. A review of the literature was conducted to assess the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of creatine supplementation on rehabilitation from immobilization and injury, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiopulmonary disease, and other muscular disorders. Several of the findings are encouraging, showcasing creatine’s potential efficacy as a supplemental agent via preservation of muscle mass, strength, and physical function; however, the results are not consistent. For multiple diseases, only a few creatine studies with small sample sizes have been published, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Rationale for discordant findings is further complicated by differences in disease pathologies, intervention protocols, creatine dosing and duration, and patient population. While creatine supplementation demonstrates promise as a therapeutic aid, more research is needed to fill gaps in knowledge within medical rehabilitation.     

旋后肩法处置肩难产对产妇分娩后盆底肌功能改善的临床研究

目的探讨旋后肩法用于肩难产产妇,对其产后盆底肌功能的改善作用。 方法选择2018年7月至2020年1月,在宁波市妇女儿童医院采用旋后肩法完成肩难产助产的28例产妇为研究对象,并纳入研究组。选取同期在本院分娩,采用耻骨联合上加压法完成肩难产助产的25例产妇纳入对照组。采用表面肌电图(sEMG),获取2组产妇分娩8周后盆底肌收缩运动肌电值。采用成组t检验,对2组产妇一般临床资料、盆底sEMG检测结果进行统计学分析。采用χ²检验,对2组产妇分娩巨大儿所占比例等进行统计学分析。本研究遵循的程序符合病例收集医院伦理委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准[审批文号：[2018]伦审字(28)号]。与所有受试者签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果①2组产妇身高、体重,分娩时人体质量指数(BMI)、孕龄、年龄等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②2组产妇分娩新生儿的出生体重和巨大儿所占比例分别比较,差异亦均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③研究组产妇前基线值、快肌收缩最大值、混合肌收缩最大值、混合肌收缩平均值、耐力肌收缩平均值、后基线值分别为(1.4±0.3) μV、(23.8±5.5) μV、(19.9±3.4) μV、(17.2±2.9) μV、(13.7±3.0) μV、(1.3±0.3) μV,均超过对照组的(1.3± 0.3) μV、(20.6±4.4) μV、(17.7±3.3) μV、(14.2±4.1) μV、(11.8±3.4) μV、(1.1±0.3) μV,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而2组产妇耐力肌收缩最大值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论旋后肩法用于肩难产产妇助产,较传统耻骨联合上加压法,可改善产妇产后短期内的盆底肌功能。     

儿童外耳道胆脂瘤的临床分型与手术

目的：总结儿童外耳道胆脂瘤的手术疗效。方法;根据36例儿童外耳道胆脂瘤的临床特征及胆脂瘤对外耳道破坏的程度进行临床分型;Ⅰ型为外耳道肉芽型,耳道骨持破坏;Ⅱ型为外耳道狭窄骨质破坏型;Ⅲ型外耳道胆脂瘤已侵蚀上鼓室或乳突形成中耳胆脂瘤。结果：36耳随访半年以上33耳,30耳外耳道皮肤完整,2耳术后8周耳道出现瘢痕性狭窄,经治疗耳道上皮愈合无再狭窄。1耳行改良乳突根治术多年仍有间歇性耳溢,3耳失访。结论：儿童外耳道胆脂瘤的突出表现是外耳道有肉芽。显微镜下手术有助于识别病变破坏的轮廓及与周围结构的关系,恰当磨宽骨性耳道口部,磨光耳道骨质破坏区的骨壁,耳道皮肤缺损区移植皮片,可防止后期耳道瘢痕性狭窄及胆脂瘤复发。耳道填塞碘仿纱条不得少于4周,每周更换1次,直到耳道上皮愈合为止。Ⅲ型外耳道胆脂瘤应行改良乳突根治术。由于儿童外耳道胆脂瘤更具侵蚀性,手术的难度和危险性更大,应予高度重视。     

Clinical and Experimental Study on Shuanghua Aerosol (双花喷雾剂) in Treating Infantile Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Ａｃｕｔｅｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ（ＡＲＩ）,ａｄｉｓ ｅａｓｅｏｆｈｉｇｈｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｅａｎｄｑｕｉｃｋｓｐｒｅａｄｉｎｇ,ｗｉｔｈｄｅｕｔｅｒｏｐａｔｈｉｅｓａｎｄｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ,ｃｏｕｌｄｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｔｈｅｈｅａｌｔｈｏｆｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎｓｅｖｅｒｅｌｙ．Ｓｈｕａｎｇｈｕａａｅｒｏｓｏｌ（ＳＨＡ）ｗａｓｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｒｅａｔｉｎｇＡＲＩｔｏ ｇａｉｎｉｄｅａｌｅｆｆｅｃｔ,ａｎｄｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｕｄｙｗａｓｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｔｏｅｘｐｌｏｒ…     

先天性外耳道闭锁中耳畸形临床分析

采用外耳道及鼓室再造术治疗先天性外耳道完全闭锁29例。统计各种外、中耳畸形情况,比较耳廓发育程度、颞骨相当于外耳道口处有无骨性小凹、术前听力损失程度与中耳畸形的关系,将术前的常规横断位CT检查结果与术中所见进行对照。结果显示,术前可通过耳廓发育程度、相当于外耳道口处有无骨性小凹、听力损失程度和颞骨CT扫描来综合估计中耳畸形情况,为术前了解手术难度和确定手术进路及方式提供一定的参考依据。     

肱骨干骨折的单侧多功能外固定支架治疗

目的探讨单侧多功能外固定支架治疗肱骨干骨折的临床疗效.方法自1993年6月～1999年12月间临床应用单侧多功能外固定支架治疗肱骨干骨折116例,并经随访观察.结果116例中有88例随访6个月～7年(平均随访3.8年),骨折愈合平均时间为43个月,愈合率94.32％,患肢功能恢复满复.结论单侧多功能外固定支架治疗肱骨干骨折符合生物学固定原则,既能减少骨折局部的创伤,保护血运,又能稳定固定骨折,可早期进行功能锻炼,特别是对软组织损伤严重的开放性骨折更具优越性.     

全球冠心病预测模型准确性的系统评价

目的对各种预测冠心病的模型进行系统回顾,展示其预测效能。方法计算机检索PubMed、EMbase和中国知网。纳入研究冠心病预测模型的文章。检索时限为建库至2020年9月30日。由2名评价员独立按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献,提取建模信息、预测效能等资料。结果共纳入30篇文章,报道了19个经过外部验证的预测模型,17个模型具有受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)>0.7的外部验证组。经典的Diamond-Forrester模型、更新的Diamond-Forrester模型、杜克临床评分、冠心病联盟临床评分外部验证组的AUC在0.49~0.87之间。结论大部分模型具有适中的预测效能,经典的冠心病诊断预测模型在各人群中预测效能差异大。