Can-Help微创椎弓根螺钉系统治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的 探讨Can-Help微创椎弓根螺钉系统治疗胸腰椎骨折临床意义.方法 选择我院2010年4月至2013年1月收治的62例胸腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组患者采用Sextant微创椎弓根螺钉系统治疗,观察组患者采用Can-Help微创椎弓根螺钉系统治疗,比较两组患者手术时间、X线暴露时间、术中出血量、各时间段ODI指数、Cobb角、VAS评分以及不良反应发生情况.结果 观察组患者手术时间、X线暴露时间以及术中出血量均优于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术前两组患者ODI指数、Cobb角以及VAS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在治疗后6个月和12个月时,两组患者3项指标均较术前得到较大程度改善,观察组各项指标均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05 ).两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 Can-Help系统和Sextant系统治疗胸腰椎骨折均能取得较好效果,但Can-Help系统手术时间和X线暴露时间更短,矫正效果更好.     

折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣修复全喉切除术后巨大咽皮瘘8例报道

目的:探讨应用折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣修复全喉切除术后巨大咽皮瘘的临床效果。方法:8例（男7例,女1例;年龄46~65岁,平均年龄57.6岁）全喉切除术后巨大咽皮瘘患者,咽皮瘘直径2.0 cm×1.8 cm~4.5 cm×3.0 cm,采用折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣修复。皮岛宽5~9 cm,长10~23 cm,折叠修复咽皮瘘,恢复咽腔内衬里及外侧皮肤。结果:8例皮瓣全部成活,患者无继发咽皮瘘与咽狭窄,吞咽功能满意。结论:折叠延长下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣可作为修复全喉切除术后巨大咽皮瘘的首选皮瓣,其操作简便,安全可靠。     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗Ⅰ-Ⅱ期脓胸的临床应用

目的探讨电视胸腔镜(Video-assisted thoracic surgery,VATS)用于I-II期脓胸手术能否达到早期廓清、剥脱胸膜纤维层的目的,并观察术后肺组织复张及肺功能恢复状态。方法回顾性分析130例接受胸腔镜手术治疗病程小于4周的急性渗出期(Ⅰ期)和纤维素期(Ⅱ期)脓胸病例。结果全组无围手术期死亡;15例术后有肺组织复张不良、出血、持续漏气等并发症,6例需再次手术。114例术后6 mon肺功能测定,第一秒用力呼吸量(Forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)实测值占预计值平均为87.7%(69.5%-105.9%),分钟通气量(Minute Ventilation,MV)实测值占预计值平均为84.4%(59.9%-97.9%)。结论VATS治疗早中期脓胸安全、有效,脓胸廓清作用明确,能够清除尚未完全纤维化的增厚纤维层,有利术后肺复张并改善肺功能。     

Pleural Empyema as a Late Complication of Liver Cystectomy for Hydatid Cyst

Cystectomy without capitonnage is a widely used surgical technique for liver hydatid disease. A residual cavity can be left during the procedure, which can turn into an abscess. We report the case of a patient who developed right pleural empyema as a late complication of this procedure. She was successfully managed with antibiotics and a right thoracotomy.     

A clinical morphologic study of the C2 pedicle and isthmus

Purpose

This anatomic, radiographic study investigated locational differences in the C2 pedicle and isthmus [pediculoisthmic component (PIC)] and characterized its narrowest section for clinical application in posterior C2 screw fixation.

Methods

Structures surrounding the transverse foramina of 30 dry C2s and 10 C3s were compared morphologically. Spinal CT scans of 32 Chinese adults were subjected to volume rendering and multiplanar reconstruction to identify the narrowest C2 PIC, and correlative parameters were measured and analyzed.

Results

Inferior C2 and C3 structures were morphologically similar. In superior view, the C2 superior facets lay on the transverse foramen and the upper portion between superior and inferior facets was flat (average mediolateral angle, 11.1° ± 2.4°). In inferior view, the posteroinferomedial portion of the C2 transverse foramen displayed a partially tubular structure (average mediolateral angle of projection, 42.6° ± 4.9°). Average height and width were 11.6 and 6.9 mm. The inner medullary cavity was elliptical and the middle site of endosteal diameter was 3.3 ± 1.9 mm. Medial internal cortical bone was significantly thicker than lateral bone (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The PIC is located between superior and inferior C2 facets. The superior flat area is the isthmus and the inferomedial area connecting the inferior facet and vertebral body is the pedicle. The pedicle is partially tubular and projects posteromedially to the transverse foramen. The narrowest PIC section is the narrowest point of the C2 pedicle. Considering its thin lateral cortical bone, medial and superior pedicle screw placement and preoperative CT reconstruction are recommended.     

Comparison of revision strategies for failed C2-posterior cervical pedicle screws: a biomechanical study

Study purpose

With increasing usage within challenging biomechanical constructs, failures of C2 posterior cervical pedicle screws (C2-pCPSs) will occur. The purpose of the study was therefore to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of two revision techniques after the failure of C2-pCPSs.

Materials and methods

Twelve human C2 vertebrae were tested in vitro in a biomechanical study to compare two strategies for revision screws after failure of C2-pCPSs. C2 pedicles were instrumented using unicortical 3.5-mm CPS bilaterally (Synapse/Synthes, Switzerland). Insertion accuracy was verified by fluoroscopy. C2 vertebrae were potted and fixed in an electromechanical testing machine with the screw axis coaxial to the pullout direction. Pullout testing was conducted with load and displacement data taken continuously. The peak load to failure was measured in newtons (N) and is reported as the pullout resistance (POR). After pullout, two revision strategies were tested in each vertebra. In Group-1, revision was performed with 4.0-mm C2-pCPSs. In Group-2, revision was performed with C2-pedicle bone-plastic combined with the use of a 4-mm C2-pCPSs. For the statistical analysis, the POR between screws was compared using absolute values (N) and the POR of the revision techniques normalized to that of the primary procedures (%).

Results

The POR of primary 3.5-mm CPSs was 1,140.5 ± 539.6 N for Group-1 and 1,007.7 ± 362.5 N for Group-2; the difference was not significant. In the revision setting, the POR in Group-1 was 705.8 ± 449.1 N, representing a reduction of 38.1 ± 32.9 % compared with that of primary screw fixation. For Group-2, the POR was 875.3 ± 367.9 N, representing a reduction of 13.1 ± 23.4 %. A statistical analysis showed a significantly higher POR for Group-2 compared with Group-1 (p = 0.02). Although the statistics showed a significantly reduced POR for both revision strategies compared with primary fixation (p < 0.001/p = 0.001), the loss of POR (in %) in Group-1 was significantly higher compared with the loss in Group-2 (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Using a larger-diameter screw combined with the application of a pedicle bone-plastic, the POR can be significantly increased compared with the use of only an increased screw diameter.     

The differential effect of BMI on prosthetic versus autogenous breast reconstruction: A multivariate analysis of 12,986 patients

BackgroundThe comparative safety of breast reconstruction in obese patients remains to be clearly defined. This study utilized multi-institutional data to characterize the effect of body mass index (BMI) on breast reconstruction outcomes.MethodsUtilizing Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, patients undergoing tissue expander, pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap, latissimus dorsi flap, and free flap breast reconstruction were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients were stratified as obese (BMI ≥ 30) and non-obese (BMI < 30). Overall postoperative morbidity, flap complications, non-flap complications, and reoperation rates were compared among the groups.ResultsOf 12,986 patients who underwent breast reconstruction, 3636 (28.0%) were obese. Overall morbidity was significantly elevated in obese patients across all forms of reconstruction (p < 0.05). BMI was correlated with increased surgical complications for tissue expander, pedicled TRAM, and free flap reconstructions (OR = 1.09, OR = 1.05, OR = 1.10, respectively; p < 0.05). Medical complications were higher in obese patients undergoing tissue expander and pedicled TRAM reconstructions (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed in latissimus and free flap reconstruction patients. Compared with obese tissue expander recipients, obese patients reconstructed using autologous tissue had higher rates of reoperations (12.8% versus 9.1%), overall morbidity (18.0% versus 9.5%), surgical (12.7% versus 8.3%), and medical complications (9.0% versus 2.2%).ConclusionsThe NSQIP database allows for evaluation and comparison of reconstructive outcomes in the obese population. Increased BMI was associated with higher morbidity in autologous reconstruction than tissue expander reconstruction. Among autologous procedures, latissimus flaps experienced the lowest captured 30 day morbidity.     

椎弓根螺钉的不同结构特点对螺钉电阻的影响

目的:研究椎弓根螺钉的不同结构特点(实心与空心螺钉、直径)对螺钉电阻的影响,进而探讨其对刺激肌电监测椎弓根螺钉置入准确性的可能影响.方法:选择临床常用的两个厂家(强生和美敦力公司)的12枚椎弓根螺钉,每个厂家各6枚,强生公司实心与空心螺钉的直径均为5.0mm、6.0mm和7.0mm;美敦力公司实心与空心螺钉的直径均为4.5mm、5.5mm和6.5mm.用万用电表测量通过椎弓根螺钉的电流,用电位差计测量螺钉杆上间隔20mm节段的电位差,通过欧姆定律计算椎弓根螺钉的电阻值.结果:美敦力公司的4.5mm实心与空心椎弓根螺钉电阻分别为(0.142±0.003)Ω和(0.398±0.002)Ω,5.5mm实心与空心椎弓根螺钉电阻分别为(0.110±0.007)Ω和(0.347±0.003)Ω,6.5mm实心与空心椎弓根螺钉电阻分别为(0.086±0.002)Ω和(0.290±0.003)Ω.强生公司的5.0mm实心与空心椎弓根螺钉电阻分别为(0.149±0.001)Ω和(0.291±0.001)Ω,6.0mm实心与空心椎弓根螺钉电阻分别为(0.123±0.004)Ω和(0.237±0.001)Ω,7.0mm实心与空心椎弓根螺钉电阻分别为(0.095±0.001)Ω和(0.148±0.001)Ω.相同直径的空心椎弓根螺钉较实心椎弓根螺钉具有较大的电阻,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).无论实心椎弓根螺钉或空心椎弓根螺钉,随着直径的增大,椎弓根螺钉的电阻值逐渐减小,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:长度与直径相同的空心椎弓根螺钉较实心螺钉具有较大的电阻,长度相同的实心或空心小直径椎弓根螺钉具有较大的电阻,应用刺激肌电监测椎弓根螺钉置入时要注意其带来的影响.     

1～6岁正常小儿胸椎椎弓根形态学研究

【摘要】 目的：测量1～6岁小儿胸椎椎弓根的形态学参数,为小儿胸椎椎弓根螺钉固定提供解剖学依据。方法：收集2009年7月~2010年1月在北京儿童医院行胸部CT检查的1～6岁非脊柱疾患小儿胸椎螺旋CT影像资料。根据年龄将入组儿童分为1～岁组（1组）,2～岁组（2组）,4～6岁组（3组）,每组20例。每例均测量T1～T12左右两侧椎弓根参数共24组数值。将64排螺旋CT平扫胸椎的三维重建数据传至工作站,在多平面重建技术下获得每个椎弓根的矢状面及横断面成像,测量胸椎椎弓根横径（内外径）、纵径（内外径）、骨-螺钉通道长度、椎弓根横断面夹角、椎弓根矢状面夹角,并将上述各参数与年龄进行相关性分析,椎弓根横断面夹角和椎弓根矢状面夹角年龄组间采用多重T检验。结果：（1）椎弓根的横径（内外径）T1～T4逐渐减小,T5～T12逐渐增大;横内径值（除T1、T6、T11、T12外）与年龄无显著相关性（rs：0.011～0.363,除T1、T6、T11、T12外,P>0.05）,其随年龄增长变化不明显;横外径值（除T4外）与年龄均存在显著正相关性（rs：0.151～0.539,除T4外,P<0.05）,其随年龄增长而增长。（2）椎弓根纵径（内外径）T1～T12逐渐增大,除T1外纵径均大于横径;各节段参数与年龄均存在显著正相关性（纵内径rs：0.526～0.786,纵外径rs：0.692～0.864,P<0.05）。（3）骨-螺钉通道长度各年龄组中最短为T1或T2,最长为T9或T10,T1～T9有逐渐增加的趋势,T10～T12有逐渐减小的趋势;各节段参数与年龄均存在显著正相关性（rs：0.299～0.676,P<0.05）。（4）椎弓根横断面夹角最大为T1,T1～T12逐渐减小,部分小儿T11及T12的椎弓根横断面夹角可达0°甚至负角,除T1外,其余各节段参数与年龄均存在显著负相关性（rs：-0.432～-0.107,除T1 P>0.05外,余P<0.05）,1组与2、3组间存在显著性差异（P<0.05）,2组与3组间无显著性差异（P>0.05）。（5）椎弓根矢状面夹角T1~T12呈下降趋势,各节段参数与年龄无显著相关性（rs：-0.125～0.127,P>0.05）,1、2、3三组间无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：1～6岁小儿胸椎椎弓根横外径、纵经、骨-螺钉通道长度与年龄的相关性较大,而椎弓根横内径的生长速度较慢,与年龄的相关性较小;横断面及矢状面夹角与年龄的相关性较小,除1~岁年龄组外,其余年龄段的参数值随年龄增长无明显变化。因此行1～6岁小儿胸椎椎弓根螺钉内固定手术时,应根据患儿年龄及术中情况妥善选择螺钉型号及进钉方式,以避免手术风险。     

椎弓根螺钉短节段固定联合椎体成形术治疗单节段胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折

【摘要】 目的：探讨椎弓根螺钉短节段固定联合椎体成形术治疗单节段胸腰段骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院2008年1月～2012年3月收治的86例单节段胸腰段爆裂椎体骨折患者的临床资料,对其中32例合并骨质疏松症的患者进行随访分析。男14例,女18例;年龄56～78岁,平均64.5岁;跌倒伤14例,车祸伤9例,高处坠落伤5例,重物砸伤4例;骨折节段：T11 3例;T12 10例;L1 15例;L2 4例。手术时均在骨折上下椎置入椎弓根螺钉,安装连接棒,通过体位结合撑开实现骨折椎体复位,然后在伤椎注入骨水泥。应用VAS及SF-36量表评估患者疼痛及生活质量改变情况,通过X线片测量计算伤椎椎体前缘高度恢复、受伤节段后凸矫正及丢失情况,随访观察治疗效果。结果：所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中无明显并发症。随访12～36个月,平均16.5个月。术后VAS评分（2.43±1.81分）及末次随访时VAS评分（2.17±1.81分）与术前（7.67±2.25分）比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;末次随访SF-36评分（123.5±22.3分）与术前（95.7±17.5分）比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术前Cobb角为22.3°±3.6°,术后Cobb角矫正至5.2°±1.2°,末次随访时为6.0°±2.3°,丢失0.8°±1.5°;术前椎体高度（56.4±5.8）%,术后椎体高度恢复至（95.3±2.9）%,末次随访时为（91.4±3.7）%,丢失（4.0±2.5）%。3例出现椎旁静脉骨水泥栓塞,无明显症状,无内固定断裂。结论：后路短节段椎弓根螺钉固定联合椎体成形术能够有效恢复并维持伤椎高度,减少后凸畸形矫正丢失及内固定失败的发生,具有良好的疗效。