对徒手置入胸椎椎弓根螺钉的安全性评价

目的：评价徒手置入胸椎椎弓根螺钉的安全性并探讨其置钉方法.方法：372例患者采用徒手方法置入胸椎椎弓根螺钉,记录置入操作中和术后并发症,其中37例患者术后行CT断层扫描检查判断螺钉的位置,记录所有穿透骨皮质螺钉的数目和距离.结果：共徒手置入胸椎椎弓根螺钉2261枚,平均每例患者置入螺钉6.08枚,术中6例次置钉过程中出现脑脊液从钉道中流出,术中和术后未出现神经、血管和内脏损伤等并发症.37例患者术后行CT扫描判断螺钉位置,405枚螺钉中124枚（30.62%）穿透骨皮质,1枚（0.02%）穿透椎弓根内侧壁超过4mm.结论：徒手置入胸椎椎弓根螺钉穿透骨皮质的发生率较高,应该根据每个椎体旋转、倾斜等差异个体化确定置钉位置和方向,操作仔细认真,保证准确、安全、可靠地置入胸椎椎弓根螺钉.     

卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转的CT诊断价值探讨(附12例报告)

目的:评价CT对卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转的诊断,探讨囊壁局限性增厚对卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转的诊断价值。方法:对12例卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转的CT征象作回顾性分析,对卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转囊壁局限性增厚CT表现与文献报道的B超特征性表现双肿块声像图作对照分析。结果:本组12例病例中11例为卵巢囊性或者囊实性肿瘤,其中6例有局限性囊壁增厚,除此之外卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转还有其它许多CT征象,如卵巢肿瘤囊肿壁及囊肿内出血,附件输卵管增粗、显示,盆腔内积液,子宫位置偏位。结论:只要我们能密切结合临床,CT能对大多数卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转作出正确诊断。     

Surgical treatment of symptomatic degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis by decompression and instrumented fusion

Degenerative spondylolisthesis is characterized by the slippage of one vertebral body over the one below, with association of intervertebral disc degeneration and degenerative arthritis of the facet joints, which cause spinal stenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of 22 patients with symptomatic degenerative spondylolisthesis, operated on by decompressive laminectomy and instrumented posterolateral fusion associated with interbody fusion (PLIF). Mean age at surgery was 64 years (range, 57–72). Clinical results were evaluated on a questionnaire at the last follow-up visit concerning postoperative low back and leg pain, restriction of daily life activities, and resumption of sports activity. Lumbar spine radiographs were used to evaluate the status of fixation devices, the reduction of the spondylolisthesis, the lumbar sagittal balance and the presence of spinal fusion. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered. There were no superficial or deep infections, fixation device loosening, or hardware removal. Mean follow-up time was 4 years (range, 3–6 years). Clinical outcome was excellent or good in 19 patients and fair in 3 patients. Preoperatively, mean forward vertebral slipping on neutral lateral radiographs was 5 mm, while postoperatively it decreased to 3 mm. Preoperatively, mean sagittal motion was 3 mm and angular motion was 8°, while postoperatively these values decreased to 1 mm and 1°, respectively. This study demonstrated that spinal decompression followed by transpedicular instrumentation associated with PLIF technique is a valid surgical option for the treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis with symptomatic spinal stenosis. Clinical outcome, intended as relief of pain and resumption of activity, was improved significantly and fusion rate was high.     

Transposition of modified latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap in the treatment of persistent bronchopleural fistula after posterolateral incision

The condition of a 51-year-old man was complicated with empyema and bronchopleural fistula (BPF) after left upper lobectomy and thoracoplasty for pulmonary aspergillosis. On the postoperative day (POD) 12, the opened bronchial stump was directly closed and covered with a pedicled pectoralis major muscle flap. On POD 66, an open-window thoracostomy was done, because of empyema with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Two years later, we could fill the empyema cavity, and close the multiple BPFs with the transposition of a modified pedicled musculocutaneous (MC) flap and the additional thoracoplasty to gain good quality of life. Although the MC flap was a proximal part of the latissimus dorsi muscle, which was dissected along the posterolateral incision of the first operation, it could be successfully transplanted to cover the BPFs in the open-window. In some patients with a small open-window on the upper anterior chest wall, the pedicled proximal latissimus dorsi MC flap may be very useful for treating persistent BPFs even after a standard posterolateral incision.     

逆行半比目鱼肌带蒂肌瓣修复小腿远端软组织缺损

目的总结逆行半比目鱼肌带蒂肌瓣修复小腿远端软组织缺损的临床应用结果。方法 2006年10月~2012年10月,应用逆行半比目鱼肌带蒂肌瓣修复12例小腿远端软组织缺损,年龄16~42岁(平均35岁)。肌瓣表面行一期中厚网状游离植皮,供区直接缝合。结果所有的肌瓣全部成活,取得了满意的临床效果。随访1.5~3.5年,平均2.5年,8例伴有胫骨骨折者骨折全部愈合。结论逆行半比目鱼肌带蒂肌瓣具有血管解剖恒定、血运丰富以及操作简单等优点,适宜修复小腿远端软组织缺损。     

胸腰椎椎弓根的解剖学测量及其临床意义

目的　观测胸腰椎椎弓根形态结构特征 ,为临床提供解剖学参数。方法　测量 31例成年男性椎骨T1～L5的横径、矢径、椎弓根间距及椎弓根通道长度。结果　横径 :T1～T6逐渐变小 ,T6～T12 逐渐增大 ,L1和L2 小于T12 ,L2 ～L5逐渐增大 ;矢径 :T1～T3 逐渐增大 ,T4～T7均小于T3 和T8,T7～T12 又逐渐增大 ,L1～L3 逐渐变小 ,L3 ～L5又逐渐增大 ,T1～L5均明显大于其横径 (P <0 0 1) ;模仿弓根通道长 :T1～T10 逐渐增长 ,T11和T12 均较T10 和L1短 ,L1～L4逐渐增长 ,L5较L4短 ;椎弓根间距 :T1～T4逐渐变窄 ,T5～L5逐渐增宽 ;左右侧比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　进行椎弓根螺钉固定时应根据不同节段椎弓根形态特点 ,结合影像学资料 ,选择相应的螺钉直径、长度、进钉部位及方向。     

A series of Infections due to Capnocytophaga spp. in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients

Objective  To investigate the epidemiology, microbiology and outcome of infections caused by Capnocytophaga spp. at a single center.
Methods  We report on ten documented infectious episodes caused by Capnocytophaga observed between 1994 and 1999 at the Innsbruck University Hospital.
Results  In seven of ten patients, Capnocytophaga septicemia was diagnosed during periods of neutropenia. In contrast, the remaining three patients had normal white blood cell counts when acquiring Capnocytophaga septicemia (one) and pleural empyema (two). Blood cultures containing long, slender, Gram-negative rods, which grew slowly under anaerobic conditions and lacked susceptibility to metronidazole, were subcultivated in a CO₂-enriched atmosphere (5%). Subcultivation yielded Capnocytophaga in all ten cases within 2–12 days. The patients were then placed on appropriate antibiotic therapy, with or without additional surgical intervention, and the organism was eradicated.
Conclusion  Identification of Capnocytophaga facilitates appropriate, and in most cases effective, antimicrobial therapy.     

椎弓根钉内固定加植骨融合术治疗峡部不连性腰椎滑脱

目的 :评价椎弓根内固定结合椎间及后外侧植骨治疗峡部不连性腰椎滑脱的临床疗效。方法 :本组 38例 ,均行椎弓根内固定结合椎管减压、椎间植骨及后外侧植骨融合术治疗。椎弓根内固定技术包括 :Steffee 2 0例 ,RF 8例 ,TSRH 5例 ,Socon 5例 ;固定融合范围 :1个节段 2 4例 ,2个节段 14例。结果 :36例病人获随访 ,平均时间 4±2 .6a年。滑脱椎体复位率 80 .6 %～ 93.4 % ,平均 87.37% ;腰痛改善率 94 .3% ;下肢疼痛、麻木改善率 94 .5 % ;间歇性跛行改善率 97.3%。并发症共 6例 ,其中术中并发症 2例 ,发生率 5 .5 % ;术后并发症 4例 ,发生率 11.1%。结论 :椎弓根内固定可满足腰椎滑脱的短节段固定和复位要求 ,临床疗效满意 ,复位、融合率高。并发症的预防与掌握椎弓根内固定技术的熟练程度有关     

寰椎椎弓根螺钉联合经寰枢关节螺钉内固定稳定性的生物力学研究

【摘要】 目的：评估寰椎椎弓根螺钉联合经寰枢关节螺钉固定技术的力学稳定性。方法：选取成人颈椎新鲜标本6具,解剖剔除肌肉制备上颈椎完整模型（完整组）,用生物力学测试及计算机视觉分析软件测量在1.5Nm力矩下前屈后伸、左右侧弯和左右旋转时C1-C2的活动度（ROM）;破坏寰椎前弓和侧块制备不稳模型（失稳组）,再次测量相同力矩下各运动方向C1-C2的ROM活动度。随后暴露寰枢椎置钉点,根据先后顺序置入寰椎椎弓根螺钉+枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定（C1P+C2P组）、单纯经寰枢关节螺钉固定（TA组）、寰椎椎弓根螺钉+经寰枢关节螺钉固定（C1P+TA组）,依次分别测量相同力矩下各运动方向C1-C2的ROM,比较各组C1-C2 ROM的差异。结果：失稳组相较于完整组在六个方向上有更大的ROM,两组所有方向上的ROM均有显著性差异（P<0.05）;C1P+C2P组、C1P+TA组、TA组与失稳组比较,所有方向上的ROM均有显著性减少（P<0.05）,三组间比较,前屈、后伸、左旋转和右旋转方向上的ROM存在统计学差异（P<0.05）,C1P+TA组相似文献   

椎弓根螺钉内固定稳定性的生物力学测试

目的：胸腰椎骨折采用椎弓根螺钉内固定，其疗效与螺钉固定的长度，螺钉的植入方向以及骨密度大小诸因素相关，为此进行生物力学分析，为临床手术提供依据，方法：采用6具成人新鲜脊柱标本，应用实验应力分析手段进行测试。结果：长螺钉的应变比短螺钉应变在压缩，前屈，后伸，侧屈分别小16％，41％，56％，41％，其强度分别提高16％，41％，55％，41％，其脊柱位移分别小18％，25％，32％，30％，轴向刚度分别提高18％，25％，32％，30％（P均＜0．05），骨密度对拔出力的影响，正常组与骨质疏松组相差67％，相应的相对位移，应变，能量两组平均相差均在16％以上（P＜0．05），结论：手术中应注意弓椎根螺钉固定相关因素，这对提高手术质量，减少并发症起着重要作用。